4045铝合金热变形行为及其加工图

采用Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机对4045铝合金在变形速率为0.01~10 s-1,变形温度为300~450 ℃条件下进行等温热压缩实验,研究了该合金的热变形行为及其热加工特性.结果表明：4045铝合金热变形过程的流变行为可用双曲正弦模型来描述,其平均激活能为189.93 kJ/mol.基于动态材料模型(DMM)获得了4045铝合金的热加工图,并结合热加工图和金相显微组织分析得到了该合金在实验参数范围内较优的热加工工艺参数范围：加工温度为380~450℃,变形速率为0.1~0.3 s-1.     

Al-6Mg-0.4Mn-0.2Sc铝合金的高温变形行为及热加工图

采用Gleeble-1500热/力模拟试验机进行压缩实验,研究Al-6Mg-0.4Mn-0.2Sc铝合金在变形温度为300～500℃、应变速率为0.001～10 s-1范围内的变形行为.计算应力指数和变形激活能,并采用Zener-Hollomon参数法构建合金高温塑性变形的本构关系.根据材料动态模型,计算并分析合金的加工图.研究结果表明:热变形过程中的稳态流变应力可用双曲正弦本构关系式来描述,平均激活能为158.92 kJ/mol,大于其自扩散激活能.根据加工图确定了热变形的流变失稳区,并且获得了热变形过程的最佳工艺参数,其热加工温度为430～480℃,应变速率为5～10s-1,温加工温度为320-400℃、应变速率为0.01～0.001 s-1.     

纯镍N6平面热压缩变形行为及加工图

利用Gleeble-3800热模拟试验机对纯镍N6在变形温度800~1100℃,应变速率5~40 s-1,应变量70%条件下进行了高温塑性变形压缩试验,分析纯镍N6高温高应变速率热变形行为,得到了材料在不同变形参数条件下的组织变化规律及流变应力变化曲线,利用动态材料模型绘制出了纯镍N6在不同应变条件下的热加工图。通过对组织及热加工图的分析研究,得出变形温度为1000~1100℃,应变速率为5~7 s-1或20~40 s-1以及变形温度为800~900℃,应变速率为5~10 s-1为纯镍N6材料高温高应变速率热变形的两个合理变形参数区间,在参数区间内N6组织均匀;而流变失稳区变形参数条件下得到的组织比较紊乱,晶粒大小不一。纯镍N6热变形后的晶粒尺寸随变形温度升高及应变速率减小而增大。     

挤压态CuCr25合金热变形行为及其加工图

在Gleeble-3500D热模拟试验机上,对挤压态CuCr25合金在应变速率为0.01~10s~(-1),变形温度为750~900℃的条件下进行恒温压缩模拟实验.结果表明:挤压态CuCr25合金在热变形过程中流变应力随变形温度升高和应变速率降低而减小;可用双曲正弦模型来描述合金的流变行为,其平均激活能为383.4kJ/mol;基于动态材料模型获得了挤压态CuCr25合金的热加工图,并结合金相显微组织分析得到了该合金在实验参数范围内较优的热加工工艺参数范围:加工温度830~900℃,应变速率为0.01~0.1s-1.     

基于化学成分的铝合金热变形抗力模型

现有的铝合金变形抗力模型只针对具体牌号合金,之间没有联系,一旦成分变化就不再适用了。为了克服这个问题,本文对21种热成形典型铝合金以Hansel–Spittel模型为基础,对其模型系数A,m1,m2,m3,m4进行基于化学成分的线性拟合,建立了Hansel–Spittel模型系数的化学成分模型,进而获得基于化学成分和高温变形参数的热变形抗力模型,经检验所得模型具有较好的精度。     

Q690低碳微合金钢热变形微观组织演变及加工图

利用Gleeble-3800数字控制热/力模拟试验机研究了Q690低碳微合金钢在变形温度850～1150℃,应变速率0.01～30s-1条件下的高温单道次压缩变形行为.建立了基于动态材料模型(DMM)的加工图,结合OM观察变形体微观组织确定了该钢种的高温热变形机制.结果表明:应变量0.7及以下的加工图中包含2个峰区(1 000～1 120℃,0.01～0.37s-1和1 100～1 150℃,3.16～30s-1)和3个加工失稳区(850～900℃,0.01～0.32s-1和850～900℃,10～30s-1以及1 000～1 085℃,1～30s-1).应变量超过0.8的加工图包含2个峰区(1 025～1 100℃,0.01～0.38s-1和1 100～1 150℃,3～30s-1),失稳区为低温(850～900℃,0.01～30s-1)以及应变速率1s-1以上的中低温度(850～1 100℃)范围,在这两个峰区峰值点附近的热变形显微组织为均匀的完全动态再结晶组织,因此,这两个区域均适合Q690钢的热加工变形.     

T122耐热钢热变形加工图及热成形性

在Gleeble 3500热模拟试验机上进行热压缩实验. 采用动态材料模型理论、双曲线本构方程及Liapunov稳定性判据,建立了T122耐热钢热变形加工图. 利用所建立的加工图,分析了不同温度和应变速率下T122钢的热成形性及其与显微组织的关系. 结果表明:T122钢在1085℃以上、应变速率小于0.37s-1压缩变形时,功率耗散效率达到峰值0.2,此时发生了完全动态再结晶;对于工业热加工,建议在变形温度为1085～1150℃和应变速率大于0.13s-1的范围内选择加工参数.     

TiC颗粒增强钛基复合材料的热变形行为及加工图

在Gleeble-1500热模拟实验机上对原位生成TiC颗粒增强钛基复合材料进行热压缩实验,研究变形温度为700～950℃,应变速率为0.001～1s-1时的热变形行为.研究结果表明:变形温度和应变速率对流变应力有显著影响,流变应力随变形温度的升高而降低,随应变速率的增加而升高.原位生成钛基复合材料在(α+β)相区激活能为357.09kJ/mol,β相区激活能为227.18k.J/mol,采用Zener-Hollomon参数法构建其高温塑性变形的本构关系.根据动态材料模型,建立原位生成钛基复合材料的加工图,并确定热变形的流变失稳区域.     

2519铝合金热压缩变形过程的动态与静态软化行为

在Gleeble-1500热力模拟机上,采用双道次间隙式等温热压缩试验,对2519铝合金多道次热压缩变形过程中动态与静态软化特性进行了研究,变形温度为300～500 ℃,应变速率为0.05～5.00 s-1,两道次间隙时间在30～120 s内变化,每道次应变控制在0.4.研究结果表明:在500 ℃时,2519铝合金流动应力由于结构软化而存在相当强的动态软化和奇异的静态软化,导致第2道次的起始流动应力比前一道次的起始流动应力低;在热压缩变形道次间保温停歇后,流变应力出现明显的软化现象,保温停歇时间越长,合金软化率越高;变形及停歇保持温度越高,合金软化越严重.     

Al-8.0Zn-2.0Mg-l.6Cu铝合金的淬透性

通过末端淬火、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X线衍射仪(XRD)、光学显微镜(OM)和硬度等分析测试方法研究Al-8.0Zn-2.0Mg-1.6Cu铝合金的淬透性及淬火冷却过程中的微观组织演变.研究结果表明:随着冷却速度的降低,试样的硬度显著下降,其淬透深度约为40 mm,临界冷却速度约为3.8℃/s;淬火冷却过程中平衡态MgZn2(η)相析出是影响该合金淬透性的主要因素,其析出温度区间为438～215℃;平衡态MgZn2相在淬火冷却时先后经历晶界与晶粒内部2个过程的析出,析出峰值温度分别为387℃和342℃.     

Al-7.8Zn-1.6Mg-1.8Cu合金铸锭及其均匀化的微结构研究

采用光学金相(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X线衍射(XRD)、差示扫描量热(DSC)等技术研究Al-7.8Zn-1.6Mg-1.8Cu(7085型)合金铸锭及其均匀化的微结构。研究结果表明:该铝合金铸锭中主要结晶相为分布在晶界的网状Mg(Zn,Al,Cu)2相,晶内有少量微米量级球状和纳米量级条状的Al2Cu结晶相,此外,还有纳米量级Al2Cu和Fe-rich析出相;在均匀化过程中,Al3Zr粒子析出,Mg(Zn,Al,Cu)2相溶解消失,且部分转化成Al2CuMg相;当均匀化温度升高到470℃时,除Fe-rich相和Al3Zr粒子外,其他第二相都溶入基体;于400℃/12h+470℃/12h双级均匀化比于470℃/12h单级均匀化更有利于提高Al3Zr粒子析出的数量和改善其分布均匀性。     

电热合金Cr20 Ni80的热变形行为及热加工图

为了解决Cr20 Ni80电热合金锻造开裂的问题,在Gleeb-1500D热模拟试验机上对该合金进行热压缩试验,研究变形温度为900~1220℃,应变速率为0.001~10 s-1条件下的热变形行为,并根据动态材料模型建立合金的热加工图.合金的真应力-真应变曲线呈现稳态流变特征,峰值应力随变形温度的降低或应变速率的升高而增加;热变形过程中稳态流变应力可用双曲正弦本构方程来描述,其激活能为371.29 kJ·mol-1.根据热加工图确定了热变形流变失稳区及热变形过程的最佳工艺参数,其加工温度为1050~1200℃,应变速率为0.03~0.08 s-1.优化的热加工工艺在生产中得到验证.     

Pre-aging on early-age behavior and bake hardening response of an Al-0.90Mg-0.80Si-0.64Zn-0.23Cu alloy

Pre-aging on early-age behavior and bake hardening response of an Al-0.90Mg-0.80Si-0.64 Zn alloy was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), high resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM), 3-dimensional atom probe(3DAP), Erichsen test and tensile test. The results indicated that pre-aged alloy exhibited excellent formability and bake-hardening response, while bake hardening response was poor in samples with natural aging. Clustering behavior during natural aging was inhibited by pre-aging. Numerous GP zones formed in pre-aged samples. GP zones were the nuclei of β′′ precipitates or directly transformed β′′ phases during paint baking process. A large number of β′′ phases were observed in pre-aged samples after paint bake treatment. There was no sign to indicate that β′′phase precipitated in natural aged samples after bake hardening treatment.     

Effect of pre-recovery on microstructure and properties of rolled Al-12.18Zn-3.31Mg-1.43Cu-0.20Zr-0.04Sr aluminum alloy

The independently designed and manufactured ultra-high-strength aluminum alloy Al-12.18 Zn-3.31 Mg-1.43 Cu-0.20 Zr-0.04 Sr was investigated via scanning electron microscopy observations, X-ray diffraction analysis, hardness tests, electrical conductivity tests, tensile tests, intergranular corrosion tests, and exfoliation corrosion tests. The effect of pre-recovery on the microstructure and mechanical properties of this aluminum alloy was also studied. The results show that the pre-recovery heat treatment releases deformation energy, inhibits recrystallization, and decreases the dislocation density. Although the pre-recovery heat treatment has little effect on the hardness, electrical conductivity, and elongation of this aluminum alloy, it can dramatically improve the alloy's tensile strength(the maximum tensile strength increased from 785.0 MPa to 809.2 MPa). Moreover, the tensile properties of this aluminum alloy have a certain degree of isotropy, and the pre-recovery heat treatment does not affect this property. In addition, the rolled aluminum alloy exhibits good corrosion resistance, but the effect of the pre-recovery heat treatment on the alloy's resistance to intergranular and exfoliation corrosion is negligible.     

Compressive deformation behavior of an indirect-extruded Mg-8Sn-1Al-1Zn alloy

The medium and warm deformation behaviors of an indirect-extruded Mg-8Sn-1Al-1Zn alloy were investigated by compression tests at temperatures between 298 and 523 K and strain rates of 0.001–10 s?1. It was found that the twinning-slip transition temperature was strain rate dependent, and all the true stress-true strain curves could be divided into two groups: concave and convex curves. Associated microstructural investigations indicated that the dynamic recrystallization (DRX) behavior of the alloy varied with deformation conditions. At high strain rate and low temperature, dynamically recrystallized grains preferentially nucleated and developed in the twinned regions, indicating that twinning-induced DRX was dominant. While, at low strain rate, DRX developed extensively at grain boundaries and twins, and the process of twinning contributed to both oriented nucleation and selective growth. For the studied alloy, cracks mainly initiated from the shear band and twinning lamellar over the ranges of temperature and strain rate currently applied.     

AZ31镁合金的热变形加工图及其应用

为了确定AZ31镁合金轧制工艺参数,利用Gleeble--3500热模拟试验机进行热压缩试验以测试其热变形行为,并根据动态材料模型理论得到其热加工图.当变形温度为380～400℃、应变速率为3～12 s-1时,功率耗散效率大于30%,属于动态再结晶峰区;在该区域进行异步轧制变形退火处理后得到平均晶粒直径为2.3μm的细晶组织,抗拉强度为322.7MPa,延伸率为19.6%.当应变速率大于15 s-1时,属于流变失稳区,250～300℃低温加工时合金的塑性显著降低,350～400℃高温加工时合金出现混晶组织.     

Enhanced elevated temperature wear resistance of Al-17Si-5Cu alloy after a novel short duration heat treatment

The goal of the present study is to improve the elevated temperature wear resistance of an Al-17 wt%Si-5 wt%Cu alloy(AR alloy) by a novel short duration heat treatment process. The elevated temperature(100°C) dry sliding wear behavior of an AR alloy was studied after microstructural modification using the proposed heat treatment. The study revealed considerable microstructural modifications after the heat treatment and the heat treated alloy was designated as HT(heat treatment) alloy. A higher hardness value was obtained for the HT alloy compared to the AR alloy. Accordingly, the wear rate for the HT alloy was found to be significantly lower compared to the as-cast AR alloy at all applied loads. Accelerated particle pull-out for the AR alloy at elevated temperatures resulted in poor wear behavior for it compared to the HT alloy. On the other hand, the Si particles remained intact on the worn surface of the HT alloy due to the good particle/matrix bonding that resulted from the isothermal heat treatment. Furthermore, the age hardening that occurred in the HT alloy during wear provided additional wear resistance. Thus, the HT alloy at 100°C exhibited a lower wear rate compared to the AR alloy even at room temperature for all applied loads. This improvement was attributed to microstructural modification upon isothermal heat treatment along with the age hardening effect.