弹性螺栓的应用与研究

螺纹连接件是紧固件中重要的类型.螺栓连接构造简单,安装方便,应用极为广泛.对于承受变载荷和冲击载荷的螺栓,我们常采用柔性结构.本文介绍了一种常用于航空发动机上、能改善螺栓受力状况、疲劳强度高的柔性结构螺栓--弹性螺栓,并从合理选材、改进结构、表面强化等方面阐述了弹性螺栓提高疲劳强度的措施.     

输电塔横担螺栓铝合金防松垫片的防松性能研究与改进设计

轴向拉压载荷以及横向剪切载荷是输电塔横担螺栓连接结构的主要受力形式.针对输电塔横担螺栓连接结构在风载作用下发生松动的现象,提出一种使用铝合金两面凹凸垫圈自锁双螺母的组合防松螺栓.对不同的防松螺栓垫圈进行风动激励研究,研究工况分别为使用不同形状垫圈和自锁双螺母的组合防松螺栓,分析不同组合防松螺栓的防松性能,提出组合载荷作...     

螺纹联接动载荷强度计算公式的探讨

该文以柴油机的连杆螺栓联接(非标准件)为例,在微机上用动力有限元方法对螺栓各圈螺牙的载荷分布,螺栓的静、动应力分布进行了计算与研究。提出了较材料力学经验公式精确的既简单又实用的螺纹联接的动载荷强度计算公式。     

大型双排四点接触球轴承载荷分布影响因素研究

为充分研究大型双排四点接触球轴承的载荷分布,采用超单元法模拟滚珠滚道接触,用等效梁法模拟螺栓,得到大型双排四点接触球轴承有限元简化模型,并通过与理论模型及经验公式结果对比,验证了该模型的正确性。在此基础上,利用此模型分析螺栓预紧力、安装表面平面度及变桨同步度对轴承载荷分布的影响。结果表明:随着均布螺栓预紧力的增加,轴承最大接触载荷先降低后小幅增加;非均布螺栓预紧力使轴承接触载荷波动加剧;平面度误差会造成轴承接触载荷分布不规则突变;当变桨同步度为负时,轴承的接触载荷增大。     

横向载荷与预紧力对螺栓断裂寿命的影响

螺栓连接依靠自身简单可靠的特点被广泛应用于各个行业,然而螺栓的疲劳断裂却是一个非常突出的问题.因此,为准确预测螺栓断裂失效寿命,进行了螺栓材料的疲劳裂纹扩展实验,求得了螺栓材料的断裂参数,从而建立了Paris裂纹扩展模型.然后运用有限元方法与疲劳裂纹扩展实验进行对标,并取得较好的效果,为螺栓断裂失效寿命的计算奠定了基础.最后,考虑到螺栓预紧力与横向载荷对螺栓断裂的影响,建立了带裂纹的螺栓有限元模型,并采用有限元方法进行螺栓失效寿命计算的定量分析.结果表明：横向载荷与螺栓预紧力对应力强度因子和螺栓使用寿命具有较大的影响.     

联接螺栓静强度的模糊可靠性设计研究

应用信息熵理论,将联接螺栓的模糊静强度和模糊载荷分别等效为随机静强度和随机载荷,按联接螺栓安全等级确定其静强度的可靠指标,建立按可靠指标进行联接螺栓静强度设计的方法,得到联接螺栓静强度的可靠性安全系数。研究表明:1)对于安全等级为一般、比较重要和重要的联接螺栓,其屈服强度的可靠指标分别为0.815,1.920和3.819,抗拉强度的可靠指标分别为3.740,4.729和6.828;2)基于满足联接螺栓静强度的可靠指标,对于安全等级为一般、比较重要和重要的联接螺栓,在静载荷时,螺栓屈服强度的最小可靠性安全系数分别为1.10,1.25和1.45,抗拉强度的最小可靠性安全系数分别为1.35,1.50和1.75;在变载荷时,螺栓屈服强度的最小可靠性安全系数分别为1.15,1.35和1.60,抗拉强度的最小可靠性安全系数分别为1.60,1.80和2.20。     

横向载荷下止动盘螺栓松动有限元分析与改进

针对横向载荷下止动盘螺栓松动失效，借助ABAQUS分析软件，对螺栓初始预紧力、摩擦系数、载荷幅值、载荷频率等进行分析，表明初始预紧力、载荷幅值、摩擦系数是连接松动的重要影响因素。结合止动盘螺栓实际使用状态，提出止动盘螺栓按材料限制最高拧紧力矩施加初始预紧力、定期检查并补充拧紧、安装弹簧垫圈等修理方式可有效防止松动失效。     

柔性螺栓设计计算方法探讨

在普通承受交变载荷紧螺栓连接设计计算方法的基础上,给出了采用柔性螺栓的设计计算方法和公式,并以某型柴油机气缸盖螺栓为例,进行了改用柔性缸盖螺栓的设计计算。     

碳纤维复合材料连接方式

为了解碳纤维材料不同连接方式对连接强度的影响,进行了碳纤维复合材料胶接和螺栓连接的拉伸试验.结果表明:采用胶接方式时碳纤维复合材料的拉断力随胶粘面积的增大而增大;单螺栓连接材料的拉伸破坏载荷均值为5.22kN,螺栓孔拉伸强度均值为481.83 MPa;双螺栓连接材料的拉伸破坏载荷均值为10.82kN,螺栓孔拉伸强度均值为538.8 MPa.     

螺栓联接强度计算方法的探讨

针对当前螺栓联接强度计算方法中所求预紧力偏小,不能与ＧＢ３０９８．１－８２规定值相适应问题,提出用螺栓保证应力作为预紧力大小的判据,引入载荷系数以提高预紧力值,增强联接刚度、紧密性和提高防松能力．着重讨论了受轴向工作载荷时紧螺栓连接强度的计算方法．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the