Recovery Properties of Polysulfone Hollow Fiber Chelating Membrane Modified with Thiourea for Mercury （ Ⅱ ）

The adsorption isotherms of the polysulfone hollow fiber chelating membrane modified with thionrea as chelating groups for Hg^2＋ were determined. The effects of mobile phase conditions and the operating parameters on removal performance of the chelating membrane for Hg^2＋ were also investigated. The recovery of Hg^2＋ decreased at low pH and the optimum range of pH was from 6 to 7. The feed concentration effected on recovery of Hg^2＋ at the specified loading amount of Hg^2＋. The Hg^2＋ could be removed from different concentration feed solution by chelating membrane. The increase of feed flow rate led to slight decrease of recovery of Hg^2＋ at the specified loading amount of Hg^2＋. The chelating membrane could be operated at height feed flow rate and a large-scale removal of H^2＋ could be realized. With the increase of load amount, Hg^2＋ recovery decreased, but the saturation degree of chelating membrane increased. According to required recovery of H^2＋ and the saturation degree of chelating membrane, the optimum loading amount of Hg^2＋ should be selected in the actual removal of H^2＋.     

Recovery Properties of Polysulfone Hollow Fiber Chelating Membrane Modified with Thiourea for Mercury ( Ⅱ )

The adsorption isotherms of the polysulfone hollow fiber chelating membrane modified with thiourea as chelating groups for Hg2 were determined. The effects of mobile phase conditions and the operating parameters on removal performance of the chelating membrane for Hg2 were also investigated. The recovery of Hg2 decreased at low pH and the optimum range of pH was from 6 to 7. The feed concentration effected on recovery of Hg2 at the specified loading amount of Hg2 . The Hg2 could be removed from different concentration feed solution by chelating membrane. The increase of feed flow rate led to slight decrease of recovery of Hg2 at the specified loading amount of Hg2 . The chelating membrane could be operated at height feed flow rate and a large-scale removal of Hg2 could be realized. With the increase of load amount, Hg2 recovery decreased, but the saturation degree of chelating membrane increased. According to required recovery of Hg2 and the saturation degree of chelating membrane, the optimum loading amount of Hg2 should be selected in the actual removal of Hg2 .     

Fabrication of a Polyamide/Polysulfone Hollow Fiber Composite Membrane

Introduction Appliedtomembraneseparationtechnology,components canbeseparatedmechanicallywhenasolutiongoesthrough asemipermeablemembrane.Themembranecanbesheet,spiralwound,tubeorhollowfiber,amongwhichhollow fiberisofthehighestspecificsurfaceandthusthemost effective.Thebestknownliquid phasemembraneprocessesare reverseosmosis(RO),ultrafiltration(UF),microfiltration(MF),dialysis,andelectrodialysis(ED).However,over thepastfewyears,anewmembraneprocesscalled nanofiltration(NF)hasemergedthatpromise…     

膜结构填料的材料特性对甲醇/异丙醇精馏分离的影响

以聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）、聚丙烯（PP）、聚砜（PS）和聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）4种材料作为中空纤维膜结构填料对甲醇与异丙醇混合体系进行精馏分离研究。从塔顶馏出液浓度、等板高度和传质系数三方面比较了4种膜结构填料的优劣,并从膜的材料特性和微观结构角度对结果进一步分析,得出聚偏氟乙烯膜结构填料比较适合于精馏分离甲醇与异丙醇体系的结论。     

氯甲基化聚砜/聚砜共混超滤膜的制备

以氯甲基化聚砜(CMPSF)和聚砜(PSF)为膜材料,以聚乙二醇(PEG600)为添加剂,采用L-S相转化法制备CMPSF/PSF共混超滤膜.对CMPSF/PSF共混膜进行季铵化探索,并通过扫描电镜观察膜的断面结构.运用均匀设计方法安排实验,用SPSS软件进行数据处理,得到水通量的回归方程.通过单因素影响模拟计算,考察共混比、聚合物浓度、添加剂浓度和挥发时间等制膜条件对水通量的影响.研究结果表明,最优制备参数是:聚合物总浓度为22%,共混比(m(CMPSF)/m(PSF))为1/4,添加剂含量为6%,蒸发时间为90 s.CMPSF/PSF共混超滤膜的水通量为195.3 L/(m2 ·h),在操作压力为0.2 MPa时对聚乙烯醇PVA(相对分子质量为31 000～50 000)的截留率为99.5%;CMPSF/PSF共混膜季铵化后水通量降低,截留率变化不大;CMPSF/PSF共混膜断面形态属于典型的非对称指状孔结构,季铵化后膜发生了溶胀.     

聚氯乙烯/聚砜共混中空纤维超滤膜的研制

将聚氯乙烯(PVC)和聚砜(PSF)共混，采用干-湿纺工艺制备了中空纤维超滤膜。通过实验对PVC／PSF共混体系的相容性进行了研究，并讨论了铸膜液的组成、制膜条件对膜性能的影响。     

添加剂对聚砜膜气体分离性能和结构的影响

以聚砜为膜材料,通过浸入沉淀相转化法制备聚砜平板膜.溶剂为N,N-二甲基乙酰胺,凝胶介质为水.以有机小分子无水乙醇、正戊醇、丙酮、磷酸三丁酯,有机大分子聚乙二醇(PEG-400,PEG-2000)和无机小分子无水氯化锂为添加剂来调节膜结构,通过渗透性、选择性和电镜图(SEM)来评价添加剂对膜性能、结构的影响,选择工业上适用于气体分离的添加剂.结果表明,聚乙二醇有较高的渗透性和选择性,其次为磷酸三丁酯,但由于聚乙二醇价格昂贵,所以选择磷酸三丁酯为较优添加剂.     

金属有机络合物共混二苯酮型聚酰亚胺气体分离膜材料的研究

在二苯酮型聚酰亚胺中混入过渡金属有机络合物添加剂,制备出了新型气体分离膜材料,并研究了添加剂对聚酰亚胺膜结构和各项性能的影响。结果表明,添加剂的加入不影响膜材料的机械性能、耐热性能和耐溶剂性能,但增大了聚合物分子链的间距和自由体积,并使气体的透过速率得以提高而气体的透气选择性变化不大。这说明添加过渡金属络合物是改进气体分离膜性能的有效手段。     

中空纤维超滤膜处理含油废水Ⅰ－运行特性的理论分析

用中空纤维超滤膜组件对含润滑油废水的处理进行了研究．讨论了操作压力、油含量、进料速率对膜的传递性能的影响     

间歇法合成二氧化硫脲

以硫脲及双氧水为原料,研究了在水介质中间歇合成二氧化硫脲的方法,并在实验室条件下考察了添加剂种类、反应温度、反应时间、反应物投料比等因素对反应结果的影响。结果表明,加入添加剂、降低反应温度及缩短反应时间,有利于主反应的进行。追踪了产物中硫酸盐的浓度,认为二氧化硫脲的深度氧化是主要的串联副反应,并与二氧化硫脲本身分子结构有关。     

Influence of Thermal Treatment on the Structure and Thermal Properties of Kaolin Modified Polyester Fibers

Modified polyester fibers were obtained using 2% and 6% of kaolin blends through melt spinning.The influences of two thermal treatments maintaining the original tension(180 ℃×2 min and 200 ℃×1 min)on the structure and properties of fiber were compared.The changes of grain size and crystallinity of fiber were investigated by X-ray diffraction(XRD).The changes of thermal properties of fibers were analyzed using dynamic mechanical analyzer(DMA).The results show that the crystalline structure of kaolin modified polyester fiber doesn't change with the thermal treatment.With the kaolin content increasing,the grain size of fiber changed.The higher the thermal treatment temperature is,the higher the crystallinity of fiber is.There are two glass-transition temperatures for kaolin modified:the lower one is the glass-transition temperature of polyester fiber matrix,and the higher one is derived from the heterogeneous blend of polyester matrix and nano kaolin.The higher the kaolin content is,the higher the glass-transition temperature is.Thermal treatment could increase the compatibility of polyester matrix and nano kaolin.There was only one glass-transition temperature for the thermal treatment fiber,and the heat resistance of fiber was improved.Thermogravimetric analysis-differential scanning calorimetry(TGA-DSC)results of kaolin modified polyethylene terephthalate(PET)matrix indicate that the decomposition temperature of PET fibers,kaolin modified PET fibers,and thermal treated fibers were little different within 40%-60% of weight loss rate range.     

膜萃取法在TNT废水处理中的应用

该文介绍了膜萃取技术处理TNT废水的方法。采用聚偏氟乙烯中空纤维膜器,以甲苯为萃取剂,对INT废水进行了萃取实验。结果表明,废水中INT的去除率可达到95％以上。通过与用煤油作为萃取剂用聚砜作为膜材料的萃取实验进行比较,说明聚偏氟乙烯膜器更为有效,工业化前景乐观。并对甲苯－TNT－水体系总传质系数及其影响因素的分析,得到了影响传质速率的主要因素。     

双膜分散法制备超细氧化锌颗粒

以氯化锌和氢氧化钠为反应物,中空纤维膜为分散介质,采用双膜分散法制备氧化锌颗粒。研究了两膜组件间距、分散相流速及表面活性剂对颗粒尺寸和形貌的影响。所得产物的SEM和粒度分布分析结果表明:两膜组件间距对颗粒平均尺寸无明显影响;无表面活性剂时,颗粒尺寸随着分散相流速的增大而增大,当流速从10 mL/min增大到40 mL/min时,平均粒径从307 nm增大到476 nm;表面活性剂的加入能有效抑制颗粒的生长,且颗粒尺寸随着分散相流速的增大而减小,当分散相流速由20 mL/min增至70 mL/min时,颗粒平均粒径由182 nm减小到45 nm。     

基于相转化法的成膜条件对聚砜膜结构的影响

采用相转化法制备聚砜超滤膜,分别以甲醛溶液、乙醇溶液、DMAC溶液、蒸馏水以及自来水作为凝固浴,含量均为5%.并在其他因素不变的条件下,控制聚砜膜空气中停留时间,并对聚砜超滤膜的断面结构以及表面结构进行了测试及表征.结果表明,使用水作为凝固浴组成时膜的选择性最好,断面结构分布均匀;空气中停留时间为15秒时选择性较好,指状孔结构分布均匀.     

中空纤维酶膜反应器制取DP8-12特殊糊精的工艺研究

采用聚砜中空纤维酶膜反应器控制淀粉的酶解, 以连续制备ＤＰ８ － １２ 特殊糊精, 同时获得麦芽低聚糖副产品－ 通过正交优化试验, 获得该系统的优化工艺条件, 为进一步试验提供实验基础     

腹水超滤中膜的污染及清洗

以人血清白蛋白溶液模拟腹水,采用聚砜中空纤维膜进行滤浓缩,实验考虑了不同截留相对分子质量膜的污染情况及膜清洗方法,并将优选出的实验条件用于腹水浓缩实验。结果表明,由于腹水中多种蛋白质的存在,造成膜的吸附污染较严重;用一般的化学清洗法清洗后通量可以恢复80％。     

铸膜液与PAN中空纤维超滤性能的关系

应用中空纤维超滤器、扫描电子显微镜等测试手段,研究了铸膜液组成及温度与聚丙烯腈(PAN)中空纤维膜超滤性能的关系。证明铸膜液中 PAN 含量和添加剂含量对纤维的渗透性能有显著影响。降低铸膜液中的 PAN 含量有利于提高纤维的渗透性能。应用结果表明 PAN 中空纤维用于血液超滤性能优良。而当 PAN 中空纤维用于血液透析时,对尿素、肌肝的清除率高达80%。     

季铵盐聚砜/聚乙烯醇/单宁酸复合水凝胶的制备及性能

以聚砜为原料, 通过氯甲基化反应制备高取代度的氯甲基化聚砜, 与三甲胺溶液反应后经透析、 冷冻干燥得到具有抑菌性且溶于水的季铵盐聚砜. 季铵盐聚砜与聚乙烯醇水溶液互溶后, 采用γ射线辐射交联的方法, 无需添加交联剂即可得到季铵盐聚砜/聚乙烯醇水凝胶, 解决了聚砜类水凝胶中有机溶剂和其他辅助试剂残留的问题, 同时还使水凝胶具有抑菌性能, 可用于制备医用伤口敷料.      

Effect of Extractant and Cold-drawing on the Structure and Performance of HDPE Hollow Fiber Membranes Fabricated via Thermally Induced Phase Separation Method

IntroductionMicroporous membrane is widely used in filter ,oxygenator , contactor and battery separator . Traditionally ,polymer membranes shaped as porous hollow fibres , areprepared using the diffusion induced phase separationtechnique or DIPS[1].Inthis process ,a polymer solution ofa polymer and a solvent is contacted with a non-solvent forthe polymer . Because of initial interdiffusion of solventand nonsolvent ,the concentration in the polymer solutionchanges and, finally , phase separat…     

中空玻璃微球性质及其应用

 作为一种内部中空的特殊球形材料,与传统材料相比,中空玻璃微球具有独特和优异的物理化学性质,近年来受到广泛关注和研究。本文首先介绍了中空玻璃微球的概况和性质,并在此基础上全面综述了中空玻璃微球在树脂基复合材料、储氢材料、电池材料、药物载体、隔热材料、反光材料、浮力材料、炸药、水泥制品中的应用。中空玻璃微球具有低密度、高流动性、高强度等特殊的物理化学性质,可以从不同的角度改善树脂性能,从而极大地扩展了树脂基复合材料的设计和应用领域;中空玻璃微球中空的内部结构和可设计的球壁结构,提供了丰富的反应空间,为其在储氢材料、电池材料等新能源材料和药物载体方面的应用打下基础。另外,基于中空玻璃微球隔热性能好、耐高温、抗老化、密度低、折射率高、敏化性能好等优点,其在隔热材料、反光材料、浮力材料、炸药、水泥制品等领域也得到广泛应用。最后结合目前的研究现状对中空玻璃微球的未来发展和潜在应用进行了展望,并提出了可能的发展方向。