小壁厚组合截面冷弯薄壁型钢构件承载力研究

根据美国钢铁协会（AISI）的试验资料对背靠背双拼冷弯薄壁卷边槽型截面横梁的承载力试验进行了介绍．并将试件的试验承载力与GB50018-2002冷弯薄壁型钢结构技术规范中规定的计算结果作了比较。对比结果表明,按照GB50018-2002规定计算厚度小于2mm冷弯薄壁型钢受弯构件承载力是可行的。     

现行规范对高强复杂加劲冷弯构件力学性能适用性研究

目的研究《冷弯薄壁型钢结构技术规范》(GB50018-2002)对G550级高强复杂加劲冷弯薄壁钢材的适用性,提出计算其承载力的修正系数.方法对17根壁厚均为1.1 mm的G550高强钢材进行试验和理论计算,分析高强新型冷弯箱型组合截面受弯构件力学性能.结果无论试验受弯极限承载力或是理论受弯极限承载力,DS1型截面构件均比DS2型截面构件提高近20%;试件的合理高宽比为2~4;对于DS1型截面构件建议不折减,对于DS2型截面构件建议采用0.8的折减系数.结论现行《冷弯薄壁型钢结构技术规范》(GB50018-2002)对G550级高强复杂加劲构件基本适用,对于新型高强冷弯薄壁型钢梁的受弯极限承载力一般情况下要大于规范给出的理论受弯极限承载力.不同的截面构件所适合的折减系数不同,工程设计可根据构件截面的情况决定是否折减.     

小壁厚组合截面冷弯薄壁型钢构件承裁力研究

根据美国钢铁协会(AISI)的试验资料对背靠背双拼冷弯薄壁卷边槽型截面横梁的承载力试验进行了介绍,并将试件的试验承载力与GB 50018—2002冷弯薄壁型钢结构技术规范中规定的计算结果作了比较。对比结果表明,按照GB 50018—2002规定计算厚度小于2 mm冷弯薄壁型钢受弯构件承载力是可行的。     

冷弯薄壁卷边槽钢轴压柱有效宽度法和直接强度法计算对比

对冷弯薄壁卷边槽钢轴压柱承载力分别用中国规范(GB50018-2002)中的有效宽度法和美国规范AISI S100-2007附录中的直接强度法(DSM)进行了稳定承载力计算。计算结果表明:采用0.85f y的直接强度法可以有效预测冷弯薄壁卷边槽钢轴压柱稳定承载力,与GB50018-2002中的有效宽度法计算结果吻合较好,可供修订规范和设计时参考。     

冷弯薄壁槽钢轴压柱承载力的计算方法探讨

对冷弯薄壁槽钢轴压柱分别用中国规范(GB50018-2002)中的有效宽度法(EWM)和美国规范(AISI S100-2007)中的直接强度法(DSM)进行了稳定承载力计算,并与试验进行了比较.结果表明:有效宽度法和直接强度法均可有效预测冷弯薄壁槽钢轴压柱稳定承载力,GB50018-2002中的有效宽度法计算结果偏于安全.     

冷弯薄壁型钢卷边槽形截面构件非线性畸变屈曲承载力计算方法

为研究冷弯薄壁型钢卷边槽形截面构件畸变屈曲承载力计算方法,基于能量法采用大挠度理论对部分加劲板件的非线性畸变屈曲承载力进行推导分析,得到冷弯薄壁型钢部分加劲板件屈曲稳定系数和畸变屈曲承载力计算方法,并采用有限元分析结果验证该方法的精确性。利用我国现行国家标准GB 50018—2002"冷弯薄壁型钢结构技术规范"中的有效宽度法公式计算畸变屈曲承载力,与分析提出的建议方法计算结果进行对比分析。研究结果表明:基于能量法提出的计算畸变屈曲承载力方法是精确、可行的。在修正部分加劲板件屈曲稳定系数的基础上,可以采用我国现行国家标准GB 50018—2002"冷弯薄壁型钢结构技术规范"中有效宽度法的公式计算发生畸变屈曲的构件截面承载力,从而建立了考虑局部和畸变屈曲承载力的统一计算公式。     

冷弯薄壁型钢拼合箱形截面短柱承载力叠加法

基于中国规范GB 50018—2002中的有效宽度法和北美规范中的有效宽度法及直接强度法,利用已有的试验数据和文章中有限元参数分析结果,计算了66根通过ST4.8自攻螺钉将单肢C形及单肢U形截面构件连接而成的冷弯薄壁型钢（CFS）拼合箱形截面短柱局部屈曲的承载力. 理论值与试验和有限元值比较分析表明：中国规范GB 50018—2002和北美规范有效宽度法计算结果偏于保守,而北美规范直接强度法可以准确预测构件的承载力,但会存在不安全现象. 基于以上结果,给出了关于冷弯薄壁型钢拼合箱形截面短柱局部屈曲承载力的计算方法——叠加法,并提出了关于CFS拼合箱形截面轴压短柱的理论计算公式. 然后依据48根有限元试件的变参数结果,回归分析得出理论计算公式的组合系数α,得到计算拼合柱极限承载力的公式. 最后通过与试验数据及中美规范计算结果对比,验证了承载力叠加法的适用性与准确性,也为CFS拼合箱形截面短柱承载力的计算提供了简易的方法.     

冷弯薄壁型钢自攻螺钉连接抗剪性能试验研究

介绍单颗自攻螺钉连接件和多颗自攻螺钉连接件的试件制作、加载装置及它们抗剪承载力的试验全过程.根据试验过程和破坏现象,总结不同试件的荷载-变形曲线、抗剪承载力试验值及破坏模式.依据各国规范及相关文献,结合试验数据,验证中国规范GB 50018-2002及美国AISI规范对于计算单颗螺钉抗剪承载力的可行性及可靠性.通过探讨不同母材厚度、不同螺钉数目、不同螺钉排列方式及不同螺钉间距对自攻螺钉连接抗剪承载力的影响,总结得到自攻螺钉连接抗剪试验破坏的几个阶段、主要破坏模式和影响因素:(1)螺钉数目及间距是影响自攻螺钉连接抗剪性能的最主要因素;(2)螺钉排列方式对连接的抗剪性能影响较小;(3)在某些破坏模式下,母材厚度也是影响连接件抗剪性能的主要因素之一.通过对试验数据统计分析,发现自攻螺钉群的抗剪承载力具有“群体折减效应”,并给出能反映“群体折减效应”的螺钉群效率系数的分布范围,发现螺钉间距及数目也是影响效率系数的主要因素.     

冷弯厚壁型钢螺栓连接抗剪性能试验

通过30个厚度为10 mm的冷弯厚壁型钢螺栓连接件的静力拉伸试验，考察不同边距、端距下试件的破坏模式、抗剪承载力及相关规范的适用性，并基于试验结果对规程建议公式进行修正.研究结果表明：在考察的边距、端距范围内，试件出现净截面、剪出、剪出与孔壁承压混合三种破坏模式；当试件发生剪出和剪出与孔壁承压混合破坏时，剪切破坏面上存在裂缝；试件达到极限承载力之前，出现在螺栓孔前的裂缝会减小钢板的受剪面积，导致试件抗剪承载力的计算结果高于实测结果；基于实际受剪面修正的剪出破坏承载力计算公式概念清晰，计算精度高；修正后美国规范AISC 360-16的计算结果与试验结果吻合最好，未修正的美国规范ANSI/AISC 360-16次之，而欧洲规范EN 1993-1-8的计算结果偏保守，中国规范GB 50018-2002的计算结果过于保守.     

冷弯型钢卷边槽形截面轴压构件部分加劲板件屈曲系数研究

采用有限条程序CUFSM计算不同截面尺寸的冷弯卷边槽形截面轴压构件弹性屈曲应力,通过回归分析得到部分加劲板件的屈曲稳定系数建议计算公式,同时采用澳洲规范（AS／NZS4600：2005）、北美规范（AISIS100-2007）、欧洲规范（EN1993—1—3：2006）、美国规范（ANSI／AISICFSSPEC-1996）、中国规范（GB50018—2002）中的有效宽度法以及建议的加劲板件屈曲系数对收集到的国内外共100根卷边槽形截面轴压构件极限承载力进行计算分析．结果表明：我国现行规范《冷弯薄壁型铜结构技术规范》（GB50018—2002）和欧洲规范（EN1993—1-3：2006）计算结果偏于保守,而澳洲规范（AS／NZS4600--2005）、北美规范（AISIS100-2。07）和美国规范（ANSI／AISICFSSPEC--1996）计算结果偏不安全．利用建议公式再根据我国现行规范《冷弯薄壁型钢结构技术规范》（GB50018—2002）计算所得结果与实验值吻合较好,可供设计和修订规范参考．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.