土壤与箭竹群落的互动关系研究进展

由于箭竹独特的生物学特性及其对亚高山森林生态系统功能的影响和作为大熊猫主食竹的保护生物学意义，大熊猫主食竹生态学的研究受到了国内外学者的广泛关注。但迄今为止，有关箭竹生态学的研究主要集中在箭竹群落地上部分的研究，而有关土壤生态条件对箭竹群落的生长、演替和开花影响的研究报道还相当少见。因此，建议在未来的箭竹生态学研究中加强以下几方面的研究：(1)土壤养分库及其有效性与箭竹群落生长和演替之间的互动过程；(2)通过控制实验检验“箭竹开花机理的养分假说”；(3)箭竹群落土壤生态过程。     

川西箭竹群落生态学研究

箭竹是大熊猫的主食竹，主要分布在亚高山地带，是亚高山森林下层重要的优势层片。对箭竹生态学研究主要集中在种群结构、生长、更新、生物生产力、繁殖特性及其在亚高山森林系统水土保持、养分平衡等生态功能发挥中的作用等几方面。而有关箭竹层片对整个森林生态系统养分循环动态过程和机理、箭竹种群生活史动态格局、开花机理、人为干扰下箭竹群落及森林群落更新的过程等方面的研究相对滞后。建议加强箭竹层片在亚高山针叶林生态系统结构和养分循环动态过程中的作用，箭竹克隆生长过程与森林群落更新过程的互动机理、箭竹种群生活史过程中养分源库动态、人为干扰下箭竹克隆种群更新过程与森林更新过程互动等方面的研究。     

川西亚高山针叶林群落的工作概况

藓类植物是亚高山森林生态系统中重要的层片，它们在“大气-植被-土壤”系统的物质和能量交换中起着重要的作用，直接参与和森林生态系统中碳、氮和水等重要过程并间接影响植物的更新过程。本文从藓类层片类型、生长、水文、指示作用以及干扰响应等几个方面回顾了当前国内外森林藓类研究的进展，文章也概括了我们近几年在川西地区的针叶林群落的研究工作。     

川西亚高山针叶林土壤生态过程的研究

土壤生态过程是川西亚高山针叶林生态系统过程研究中最具挑战性的研究领域，也是森林生态系统功能和过程研究中不可或缺的研究重点。土壤生态过程研究将有助于深入了解森林生态系统功能。目前。有关土壤生态过程的研究主要集中在土壤生物对土壤物理、化学和生物过程的影响以及人类活动干扰对土壤生态过程的影响等方面。但迄今为止，有关川西亚高山针叶林土壤生态过程的研究还处于空白。因此，建议在开展川西针叶林生态过程研究时，应加强以下研究领域的工作：土壤生物多样性的功能重要性及其对土壤过程的影响、土壤与植被的互动、土壤生态过程对气候变化的响应、土壤生态过程中土壤酶系统分异以及土壤过程与针叶林生态系统地上过程的关系等。     

镉污染土壤的植物修复研究进展与展望

近年来,重金属镉(Cd)及其复合污染问题越来越受到人们的关注.Cd污染土壤的植物修复技术因其具有治理成本的低廉性、环境美学的兼容性和治理过程的原位性等优势,随之成为具有广泛应用前景的技术.本文概述了Cd超积累植物的筛选及耐性机理与修复潜力的评价等方面的国内外进展,总结了Cd-重金属复合污染土壤、Cd-有机物复合污染土壤的植物修复相关的重要工作,着重评述了Cd复合污染土壤的化学强化、农业生态强化及其它方法的研发现状,展望了这一领域今后的重点研究内容和重要发展方向.     

Interactions between amphetamine and reserpine in vitro

Resumen Se estudia en el conducto deferente aislado de rata la respuesta a la reserpina después de la estimulación del preparado con anfetamina. En estas condiciones, la reserpina produce una contracción que es proporcional a las concentraciones de anfetamina y reserpina utilizadas, y es máxima para una concentración de reserpina de 2,5×10^–5 g/ml, para ser luego decreciente cualquiera que sea la concentración de anfetamina que se haya empleado previamente. Se discuten los posibles mecanismos que regulan la respuesta a la reserpina después de la anfetamina.     

Causality and the Arrow of Classical Time

It is claimed that the `problem of the arrow of time in classical dynamics’ has been solved. Since all classical particles have a self-field (gravitational and in some cases also electromagnetic), their dynamics must include self-interaction. This fact and the observation that the domain of validity of classical physics is restricted to distances not less than of the order of a Compton wavelength (thus excluding point particles), leads to the conclusion that the fundamental classical equations of motion are not invariant under time reversal: retarded self-interactions lead to different equations than advanced ones. Since causality (the time order of cause and effect) requires retarded rather than advanced self-interaction, it is causality which is ultimately responsible for the arrow of time. Classical motions described by equations with advanced self-interactions differ from retarded ones and do not occur in nature.     

应用于土壤系统分类的土壤微形态学研究进展及展望

土壤微形态学从上世纪二十年代发展至今,取得了很大的进步,并广泛应用于土壤学各个领域,解决了很多土壤学问题.越来越多的学者应用微形态学方法进行土壤形成演化和系统分类研究,并取得了很好的结果.近年来中国土壤系统分类研究取得了长足的进步,在开展土壤系统分类制的基层分类上,应当把土壤微结构作为重要依据,以丰富土壤基层分类的内容,提高我国土壤系统分类在基层分类研究和应用上的水平.本文试从土壤形成演化和土壤系统分类中土壤诊断层和诊断特征两方面叙述土壤微形态学的应用.特别是总结了中国土壤系统分类中人为土、富铁土、变性土及其它土纲应用土壤微形态的研究成果.最后提出加强人为土、土壤基层分类的微形态研究以及土壤微形态的动态定量研究是土壤系统分类中土壤微形态学发展的重要趋势.     

Interactions between host factors and the skin microbiome

The skin is colonized by an assemblage of microorganisms which, for the most part, peacefully coexist with their hosts. In some cases, these communities also provide vital functions to cutaneous health through the modulation of host factors. Recent studies have illuminated the role of anatomical skin site, gender, age, and the immune system in shaping the cutaneous ecosystem. Alterations to microbial communities have also been associated with, and likely contribute to, a number of cutaneous disorders. This review focuses on the host factors that shape and maintain skin microbial communities, and the reciprocal role of microbes in modulating skin immunity. A greater understanding of these interactions is critical to elucidating the forces that shape cutaneous populations and their contributions to skin homeostasis. This knowledge can also inform the tendency of perturbations to predispose and/or bring about certain skin disorders.     

Interactions between reserpine,chlorpromazine, and imipramine

Riassunto Sia la cloropromazina che l'imipramina antagonizzano determinati effetti farmacologici della reserpina. L'effetto antagonista dell'imipramina, che come quello della cloropromazina richiede condizioni sperimentali appropriate ha un più ampio spettro. L'effetto sedativo della cloropromazina è più marcato di quello della imipramina ed è sinergico con la depressione indotta dalla reserpina.     

Interactions between mesenchymal stem cells and the immune system

In addition to being multi-potent, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess immunomodulatory functions that have been investigated as potential treatments in various immune disorders. MSCs can robustly interact with cells of the innate and adaptive immune systems, either through direct cell–cell contact or through their secretome. In this review, we discuss current findings regarding the interplay between MSCs and different immune cell subsets. We also draw attention to the mechanisms involved.