刚/柔性组合墙面加筋土挡墙离心模型试验

进行了相同软土地基条件下刚/柔性组合墙面和单一柔性墙面加筋土挡墙的离心模型试验,比较分析了挡墙在墙顶均布荷载作用下的工作性状.试验结果表明,在自重及上覆荷载作用下,刚/柔性组合墙面挡墙其刚性墙面仍基本保持垂直,地基最大沉降发生在连接件锚固端位置;而单一柔性墙面挡墙墙面外倾明显,其地基最大沉降位于墙趾位置;刚/柔性组合墙面加筋土挡墙在工作阶段其墙顶沉降和墙面位移仅为单一柔性墙面挡墙的50%,且前者墙顶不均匀沉降量明显小于后者;刚/柔性组合墙面加筋土挡墙由于预埋件承担了刚性墙面墙背水平土压力,使得筋材拉力及相应的应变减小;刚/柔性组合墙面加筋土挡墙的刚性墙面在墙体中部弯矩最大,为外侧受拉;而墙顶和墙底附近的弯矩较小,为内侧受拉;刚/柔性组合墙面加筋土挡墙能适应软土地基的大变形,并能更好地承担上覆工作荷载.     

逆作法施工引起的地铁车站结构关键节点的应力演化

通过有限元数值模拟方法,对盖挖逆作法施工中地铁车站结构的几个关键节点的受力状态和演化过程进行分析.研究表明:施工过程中墙与板连接点处板的上侧受拉而下侧受压,中板与侧墙连接点处由于基坑外侧土的侧向应力释放,使得在负二层土开挖后,中板上侧也由受拉转为受压状态;柱与板连接点处板的上侧受拉而下侧受压,顶板与中柱连接点由于负一层土回弹,在施工初期上侧受压而下侧受拉,在上覆土回填之后应力状态再次转变为上侧受压.计算表明:下置导墙处混凝土的拉应力、剪应力及最大主拉应力和最大主压应力均小于混凝土设计强度值.     

天津地铁6号线车站深基坑开挖下围护结构及墙后地表变形特性分析

依托天津地铁6号线金钟街站深基坑工程,采用FLAC3D对基坑开挖及支护全过程进行数值模拟,并对其关键影响因素及墙后地表和地连墙变形的相关性进行系统分析.研究结果表明:随着基坑开挖深度的增加,开挖深度对变形的影响增大,地连墙最大侧移位置不断下移,地表最大沉降点位置逐渐远离基坑边缘;地连墙侧移、地表沉降随基坑长宽比的增加有增大的趋势,但最终数值趋于平缓;基坑插入比对基坑变形控制作用较小,而地连墙厚度对基坑变形控制作用明显;随着支撑刚度的增加,地连墙侧移、墙后地表沉降呈现减小的趋势,但支撑刚度过大不会达到预想的控制变形的效果.最终得到墙后地表最大沉降与墙体最大侧移的比值为1.15,但墙后地表沉降包络面积与墙体侧移包络面积的比值为1.82.     

绿色加筋格宾挡墙现场试验研究

对浙江省绍诸(绍兴-诸暨)高速公路K38+398 km断面的绿色加筋格宾挡土墙进行现场试验,测试竖向土压力、水平土压力、筋材拉应变和加筋体侧向变形的分布规律.研究结果表明:在施工过程中,墙趾附近的基底土体内存在应力主轴偏转现象;施工结束后,距墙趾1 m处的基底水平土压力和45°方向的土压力比竖向土压力大;挡墙内竖向土压力在筋长方向上呈非线性分布,在挡墙下部呈单峰形而上部呈双峰形;面墙后的水平土压力在施工期先增加后减小,沿墙高呈非线性分布,最大值发生在1/3H(H为墙高)处,实测水平土压力远小于理论主动压力和传统有面板加筋上挡墙的墙背水平土压力;筋材的拉应变在靠面墙侧最大,沿筋长方向逐渐减小,在筋材末端又略有增大;加筋体的侧向变形沿墙高呈鼓胀形,最大侧向变形也发生在1/3H处.     

位移模式对重力式加筋土挡墙受力特性影响模型试验

为研究重力式加筋土挡墙在挡墙位移至极限主动状态下的土体受力与变形形态，通过改变埋设筋材层数、筋材强度和间距、筋材与挡墙连接方式、筋材长度及挡墙位移模式，对挡墙做了6种工况的模型试验，进行了挡墙进入极限主动状态所需最大位移量、墙内竖向土压力、靠近墙面板处水平土压力、墙顶竖向位移及筋材拉伸应变等分布规律的研究.试验结果表明：加筋可以提高挡墙达到极限主动状态所需最大位移量，减小静止状态及主动状态下靠近墙面板处土压力；挡墙进入极限主动状态时，靠近墙面板处填土表面相对沉降较大；挡墙位移对筋材应变影响很小；靠近墙面板处竖向土压力衰减量与埋深正相关，平动模式衰减量最大.加载点下竖向土压力增大量与埋深负相关.在重力式加筋土挡墙上部与底部提高筋材强度及埋设筋材层数，靠近墙面板处提高埋设筋材层数或筋材强度并将筋材与挡墙连接，结构中下部适当减少筋材长度，相比普通重力式挡墙可提高挡墙抗倾覆滑移能力，增强挡墙结构稳定性.     

软土地区基坑分区开挖参数分析

在敏感环境下施工时,为减小基坑开挖对临近结构的影响,常将深大基坑用分隔墙分割成若干个小基坑。以上海软土地区某工程为背景,借助数值计算,分析深大基坑分区开挖时分区宽度、分区开挖次序和分隔墙插入比对临近被保护结构一侧地下连续墙和墙后土体变形的影响。研究结果表明:当先远后近(远近相对于被保护结构而言)方式开挖,分区宽度等于基坑开挖深度时,分区开挖的作用效果最好,此时墙体水平位移和墙后地表沉降比未分区时分别小39%和41%;当先近后远的方式开挖时,分隔墙离基坑边缘越近,分区开挖的作用效果越明显;在同等分区宽度下,先远后近开挖所引起的墙体变形和墙后地表沉降比先近后远开挖的低;分隔墙的插入比对基坑围护墙位移和墙后土体沉降影响比较小。     

MC桩组合支护结构在淤泥质土基坑工程中的应用分析

结合某淤泥质土环境基坑支护工程实例,采用有限元数值分析方法,探讨水泥土桩与混凝土桩组合支护结构（MC桩）力学变形特性,包括MC桩截面参数对支护结构水平位移、地表沉降以及坑底隆起量影响．研究结果表明,MC桩组合支护结构在淤泥质基坑中,有利于控制基坑变形,增加基坑稳定性;M桩挡墙宽度对减小支护结构变形效果明显,增大墙宽可以减小墙身弯矩以及支护结构墙体倾斜变形并且可降低坑底隆起量和坑外地表沉降量．而且,在同挡墙宽度情况下,有无C桩对控制支护结构变形和基坑变形也有很大的作用．     

基于监测数据对基坑工程变形规律分析

目的为解决基坑开挖时结构的安全与稳定问题,对基坑工程的变形进行分析,找出影响规律.方法以营口某深基坑工程实例为研究背景,整理现场得到的桩顶位移、地表沉降及深层土体水平位移等监测数据,对基坑工程的支护结构和周围土体及墙后土体在施工过程中产生的位移变化进行分析.结果支护结构相同的挡墙坑角处变形最小,中间位置变形最大,并且基坑变形随着开挖深度的增加而变大.开挖深度较大的软土地区基坑周边深层土体水平位移曲线类型大致表现为抛物线形,其最大水平位移大致为(2.0~10.0)×10-4hd,通常发生在基坑工程底部附近.结论深基坑工程的支护结构顶部水平位移与竖向位移变化趋势一致,表明二者的产生条件和影响因素大致相同.坑底部下面土体的水平位移对于坑底隆起有着直接影响,支护结构的强度越低,坑底部隆起的增强区域的范围也越大.     

筋材布设方式对加筋土挡墙动力响应的影响

针对目前加筋土挡墙设计和施工中筋材布设方式大多为等长形的问题,提出一种倒梯形的筋材布设方式,并基于挡墙位移分区理论和有限差分Flac^3D数值模拟,建立加筋土挡墙三维分析模型,探讨不同峰值加速度下3种加筋土挡墙对位移、水平土压力、筋材拉应力及潜在破裂面的影响。结果表明,随峰值加速度增大,挡墙位移逐渐增大,同一荷载作用下,改变筋材布设方式,侧向水平位移减少9.3%,竖向沉降减少5.3%;3种形式挡墙水平土压力相差不大,最大水平土压力分布在挡墙的中下部;筋材拉应力随峰值加速度的增大,沿墙高从单峰型转化为双峰型分布,最大值位于挡墙中下部;潜在破裂面填土区破裂带的形状与筋材的布设方式有关。所提出的倒梯形筋材布设方式对加筋土挡墙的抗震效果更好,可为施工设计中加筋土挡墙筋材布设提供参考。     

墙桩间距对遮帘式板桩码头结构遮帘效应的影响分析

为了研究墙桩间距对遮帘效应的影响,利用京唐港32#原型观测试验揭示了遮帘式板桩码头结构的遮帘效应.分别采用离心模型试验和有限元模拟,对比码头开挖前后以及不同墙桩间距下前墙平均侧土压力系数、土压力分布及水平位移的变化情况.结果表明,码头开挖前,无遮帘桩情况下,前墙上平均侧土压力系数最大,且随墙桩间距的增大而减小;码头开挖后,随着墙桩间距的增大,前墙水平位移、前墙陆侧上土压力以及前墙与遮帘桩的相对水平位移增大,前墙陆侧对应桩间侧与对应桩侧上的土压力差值则逐渐减小.在实际工程施工条件允许的情况下,墙桩间距越小,遮帘式板桩码头结构的遮帘效应越明显.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that