无铅易切削铋锑黄铜的组织与性能

采用熔铸、挤压的方法生产出以Bi和Sb代铅的环保型易切削黄铜棒材.利用扫描电镜、光学显微镜等手段对易切削黄铜的微观组织进行观察分析,并对其力学、脱锌和切削性能进行研究.结果表明:添加的Bi和Sb主要以单质或化合物方式存在于无铅黄铜的相内和相界处,Bi以单质颗粒存在于相界处,Sb以化合物形式存在于相内,这对提高合金切削性能有利;添加Bi和Sb黄铜的抗拉强度为478.9 MPa,伸长率为15.1%,断面收缩率为29.3%,屈服强度大约为295 MPa;添加Bi和Sb黄铜的切削性能比HPb59-1铅黄铜的优,合金的脱锌腐蚀性能良好,脱锌层厚度约为323μm.     

热循环频率对铸态Zn-Al合金相变超塑性的影响

用恒载荷蠕变法研究了热循环频率对质量分数为5％的铝的铸态Zn-Al合金相变超塑性的影响。研究结果表明，在温度为20～350℃循环条件下进行拉伸时，铸态Zn—Al合金的延伸率能超过100％，呈现相变超塑性特征。改变热循环频率对铸态Zn-Al合金的相变超塑性有很大影响。若保持循环温度和外加载荷不变，随着热循环频率的提高，铸态Zn-Al合金的相变超塑性延伸率增大，而准稳态蠕变阶段的应变速率则有所降低。Zn-Al铸态合金的这种相变超塑性与共析相变过程中新、旧相间的界面行为有很大关系，相变过程中产生的内应力在外应力的偏置作用下使新、旧相界面间的Zn-Al合金发生牛顿粘滞性流动，而界面间的原子扩散对热循环中Zn-Al合金的变形起着重要的协调作用。     

Sn微合金化无铅易切削Al-Mg-Si合金的组织与性能

采用力学性能测试、X射线衍射物相分析、扫描电子显微分析、透射电镜分析和金相实验方法研究了不同处理态Sn微合金化的无铅易切削Al-Mg-Si合金棒材的显微组织与性能。研究结果表明:合金的最佳时效工艺为170℃／8 h,在此条件下,合金棒材的抗拉强度为351 MPa,屈服强度为336 MPa,延伸率为13．5％;合金的物相组成为铝基固溶体、主要强化相Mg2Si和CuAl2以及低熔点组织组成物Mg2Sn Sn;低熔点组织组成物Mg2Sn sn以及时效析出相Mg2Si和CuAl2使合金具有良好切削性能和较高强度。     

Zn-Cu-Mg-Al-RE锌合金的显微组织与切削性能

采用金相组织分析、X线衍射物相分析、扫描电镜和能谱分析技术对自行研制的Zn-Cu-Mg-Al-RE锌合金(拟取代HPb59-1黄铜)在铸态、挤压态和热处理态3种状态下的显微组织与切削性能进行研究,并比较3种状态Zn-Cu-Mg-Al-RE合金与HPb59-1黄铜的切削性能。研究结果表明:铸态Zn-Cu-Mg-Al-RE锌合金中主要含有纯Zn相、Mg2Zn11相和Cu4Zn相(ε相),且晶间有不连续分布的块状稀土化合物,该稀土化合物性脆易断,有利于提高合金的切削性能;挤压态合金的晶界不明显,稀土化合物消失,基体组织发生再结晶;热处理后,合金发生二次再结晶,晶粒细化,ε相大量析出,强度和塑性均有所提高;与铸态相比,挤压态及热处理态Zn-Cu-Mg-Al-RE合金的切削性能略有下降;铸态Zn-Cu-Mg-Al-RE合金的切削性能已接近HPb59-1黄铜的切削性能。     

时效对无铅易切削Al-Cu合金的微观组织结构与性能的影响

采用力学性能测试、X射线物相分析、扫描电镜背散射和能谱分析、透射电子显微分析和金相实验方法,研究时效工艺对固溶-冷拉处理的Sn和Bi微合金化的无铅易切削Al-Cu合金棒材显微组织结构特征和力学性能的影响,并采用晶间腐蚀法研究合金的腐蚀性能。研究结果表明：合金最适宜的时效热处理工艺为160℃/6 h,在此工艺条件下,合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别为473 MPa,391 MPa和11.2%。合金的物相组成为Al基固溶体,Al7Cu2Fe,CuAl2以及低熔点物质Bi,SnBi和Sn;合金的晶间腐蚀深度为0.4 mm,其综合性能与含铅2011合金的相当。     

Al和Sn对再生Bi黄铜组织和性能的影响

在再生Bi黄铜中分别加入不同含量的Al和Sn,研究Al和Sn元素对再生Bi黄铜合金组织和性能的影响。研究表明：随着Al和Sn含量的增加,铸态下合金晶粒不断减小,热轧态下合金晶粒先增大后减小;Bi由薄膜状转变为颗粒状;Al和Sn的质量分数分别为0.5%和0.8%时合金的力学性能最佳。通过计算表面张力的方法分析Bi形态发生改变和力学性能改善的原因。分析可得：质量分数为0.5%的Al和0.8%的Sn可以增大Bi在合金中的润湿角,从而使薄膜状的Bi减少,颗粒状的Bi增多;薄膜状的Bi能抑制基体的割裂,最终改善合金的力学性能。     

Ag对Sn-57Bi无铅钎料组织和性能的影响

研究了在Sn-57Bi近共晶合金的基础上加入少量的Ag后对Sn-57Bi钎焊料铸态组织、抗拉强度和Sn-57Bi／Cu焊接性能的影响。试验结果表明，ωAg=0．1％～1．0％可使合金的共晶组织变细，β-Sn枝晶相的尺寸变小，提高其抗拉强度；使Sn-57Bi／Cu接头的剪切强度有所提高。     

BN型易切削钢的冶炼工艺及其切削加工性

对BN型易切削钢的冶炼工艺与切削加工性进行了研究.通过实验室热态实验得到不同B、N元素含量的试样,利用理论计算研究试样中主要夹杂物的析出规律,然后对BN夹杂物的形貌、尺寸及组成进行分析,最后对试样进行力学性能测试及切削实验.结果发现在钢中添加B、N元素能够明显改善钢的切削性能,且不影响钢的力学性能.     

AZn-1共析合金的超塑性特点及应用

本文综述了微细晶粒超塑变形的力学特征,并从Zn-Al合金状态图,Zn-22%Al合金TTT曲线等阐明了Zn-Al共析合金的超塑性特点和应用,并对组织超细化和性能强化的方法进行了探讨。     

热浸Zn-Al合金镀层的助镀工艺和显微组织特征

简述了热浸Zn-Al合金镀层的助镀工艺和性能评价指标特点,论述了钢材热浸镀Zn-Al合金镀层的组成及形成过程,分析了钢中Si、Mn、P等常存元素对Zn-Al合金镀层中金属间化合物形成的影响,指出了热浸Zn-Al系多元合金镀层今后的研究方向。     

圆珠笔头用环保超易切削不锈钢的组织与性能

通过复合添加易切削元素S、Bi和Te,开发了一种圆珠笔头用新型无铅环保超易切削不锈钢,并对材料的组织和性能与同类进口材料进行了对比分析。结果表明,新研发钢中易切削相有MnS、Bi、MnTe及其所形成的复合夹杂物,夹杂物的种类、分布及力学性能与同类进口材料相似。经实际测试,该钢具有良好的切削加工性和书写使用性能,可以替代同类进口材料。     

低碳高硫含锡锑复合易切削钢

对复合添加少量Sn和Sb或Sn和Bi的低碳高硫易切削钢做了切削和高温热塑性实验. 结果表明:试样在长时间的高速切削条件下刀具后刀面磨损很小,其易切削性能明显优于SAE1215钢. 含Sn和Sb的钢样在750～950℃温度范围内塑性较差,在1050～1300℃范围内具有良好的塑性. 扫描电镜及能谱分析表明:钢中Sn和Sb元素在晶界、MnS夹杂物内及MnS边界处均存在;大部分的Bi元素附着在MnS夹杂物上,一部分弥散分布在钢的基体中;钢中MnS夹杂主要呈球状和纺锤状.     

Superior machinability of steel enhanced with BN and MnS particles

The strategy that replacing part of MnS with BN was proposed in order to decrease the sulfur content in sulfur based free-cutting steel. The effects of BN and MnS inclusions on the microstructure and machinability of the steel were systematically investigated. The results show that most of the BN and MnS inclusions exist individually in the steel and only a small amount of them are in a composite state forming either isolated particles or clusters of particles. In the case of multi-phased steel, the theoretical calculation predicts that the volume of large BN particles should be 0.7 times of the volume of large MnS particles. The machinability of this type of BN and MnS alloy steel over a wide range of cutting speeds ranging from a low speed appropriate for drilling to a high speed appropriate for turning is confirmed as being equal to or superior to that of an MnS reference steel, even though the sulfur content in the composite steel is only half that of the MnS steel. The aptitude for cutting effect of 240 ppm nitrogen and 115 ppm boron in the composite steel is demonstrated to be equivalent or even better than 1000 ppm sulfur in MnS free-cutting steel.     

Analysis on composition and inclusions of ballpoint pen tip steel

Ballpoint pen tip steel, a super free-cutting stainless steel, exhibits excellent corrosion resistance and good machining properties. In this study, inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy, metallographic microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy were used to determine the elemental contents in five ballpoint pen tips and their components, morphologies, and inclusion distributions. The results showed that the steels were all S-Pb-Te super free-cutting ferritic stainless steel. The free-cutting phases in the steels were mainly MnS, Pb, and small amounts of PbTe. MnS inclusions were in the form of chain distributions, and the aspect ratio of each size inclusion in the chain was small. The stress concentration effect could substantially reduce the cutting force when the material was machined. Some of the Pb was distributed evenly in the steel matrix as fine particles (1-2 μm), and the rest of the Pb was distributed at the middle or at both ends of the MnS inclusions. The Pb plays a role in lubrication and melting embrittlement, which substantially increases the cutting performance. PbTe was also usually distributed in the middle and at both ends of the MnS inclusions, and Te could convert the sulfides into spindles, thereby improving the cutting performance of the steel.     

新型铝合金超常铸轧辊套材料的切削加工性能实验研究

满足铝合金超常铸轧工艺所需综合技术性能要求的辊套材料,是采用双辊连续铸轧方法实现铝合金超常铸轧的重要技术保障.辊套材料良好的切削加工性能是获得高性能铸轧辊的基础.对新型铸轧辊套材料的切削加工性能进行了综合分析;从切削力和已加工表面粗糙度两方面,对新型铸轧辊套材料的切削加工性能进行了实验研究.结果表明,新型铝合金超常铸轧辊套材料具有优良的切削加工性能;在相同的加工条件下,切削新型辊套材料时的切削力明显小于切削现有典型合金钢辊套材料,磨削新型辊套材料时的表面粗糙度值与磨削合金钢辊套材料无明显差别.图4,表4,参12.     

Optimization of mechanical properties of Sn-3.8Ag-0.7Cu alloys by the additions of Bi,In and Ti

Bi, In and Ti were added to Sn-3.8Ag-0.7Cu (SAC387) solder alloy to optimize the mechanical performance. The alloying effects of Bi, In and Ti on the microstructure, thermal and mechanical properties of SAC387 based solder alloys were investigated. The results demonstrate that adding 3.5 ?wt % of Bi could refine the microstructure, optimize the thermal properties, and improve the tensile strength. Meanwhile, the ductility of the solder alloys reduced evidently. Adding 2.8 ?wt % of In into SAC387–3.5 ?wt %Bi alloy could increase both the strength and ductility, which is attributed to the beneficial effect of In addition, as adding In could improve the solubility of Bi in the β-Sn matrix. Meanwhile, the melting point was reduced, and the wettability improved with the addition of In. Introducing amounts of Ti into SAC387–3.5 ?wt % Bi-2.8 ?wt % In alloy could further increase the strength. However, the ductility was significantly reduced when 0.8 ?wt % of Ti was added due to the formation of the coarse Ti₂Sn₃ phase. The undercooling was remarkably reduced with the addition of Ti. The nanoindentation tests demonstrate that the hardness increased mainly due to the hardening effect of the Bi addition. Among all the samples prepared, alloy SAC387–3.5 ?wt % Bi exhibited the highest creep resistance at the ambient temperature. Further adding In and Ti into SAC387–3.5 ?wt % Bi alloys reduced the creep resistance of the solder alloys. The mechanism associated with the different mechanical responses is also discussed in this study.     

化学镀CuNiP-碳纳米管复合材料的制备与表征

用化学镀的方法在多壁碳纳米管表面沉积Cu—Ni—P合金,制备碳纳米管复合材料．并对制备出来的复合材料进行透射电子显微镜（TEM）和X-射线衍射（XRD）表征．通过XRD对已制备的化学镀合金分析．得出沉积铜为立方面心结构而镍是非晶态．TEM观察复合碳纳米管,发现在其表面沉积有分散均匀纳米级的金属颗粒,Cu-Ni-P合金呈球形．     

WO42-插层的Zn-Al层状双氢氧化物对水性涂料防腐性能的提升

利用离子交换法制备了WO₄^2-插层的Zn-Al层状双金属氢氧化物（LDH-WO₄^2-）,并将其添加到水性环氧树脂中以改善水性涂料的屏蔽性能与耐腐蚀性能。利用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪（FT-IR）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对LDH-WO₄^2-进行了表征,结果表明成功制得结构完整、尺寸均一的LDH-WO₄^2-。使用盐雾试验和浸泡试验研究了添加不同浓度LDH-WO₄^2-的水性涂料的耐腐蚀性能。结果表明,在水性涂料中添加适量的LDH-WO₄^2-可以有效提高水性涂层的屏蔽性能与耐腐蚀性能,当LDH-WO₄^2-的添加浓度为3%（LDH-WO₄^2-占水性环氧树脂的质量分数）时,水性涂层的防护性能最好。     

Microstructure refinement and work hardening in a machined surface layer induced by turning Inconel 718 super alloy

The microstructural changes in the machined surface layer of Ni-based super alloys essentially determine the final performance of the structural components of aerospace engines in which these alloys are used. In this work, multiscale metallurgical observations using scanning electron microscopy, electron-backscatter diffraction microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were conducted to quantitatively characterize the microstructure of the machined subsurface. Next, to elucidate the factors that affect the formation of the refinement microstructure, the distributions of the deformation parameters (strain, strain rate, and temperature) in the machined subsurface were analyzed. A dislocation–twin interaction dynamic recrystallization mechanism for grain refinement during machining of Inconel 718 is proposed. Furthermore, microhardness evolution induced by grain refinement in the machined surface is evaluated. The results suggest that the gradient microstructure and the work hardening can be optimized by controlling the cutting parameters during turning of Inconel 718.