融合知识图谱信息的命名实体识别方法

在大规模文本语料库上预先训练的BERT等神经语言表示模型可以很好地从纯文本中捕获丰富的语义信息.但在进行中文命名实体识别任务时,由于中文命名实体存在结构复杂、形式多样、一词多义等问题,导致中文命名实体识别效果不佳.考虑到知识图谱可以提供丰富的结构化知识事实,从而更好地进行语言理解,提出了一种融合知识图谱信息的中文命名实...     

面向化学资源文本的命名实体识别

针对化学资源文本中的命名实体,提出一种适合于化学资源文本的命名实体识别方法,旨在将化学物质、属性、参数、量值4种命名实体进行识别.该方法根据化学资源文本的语言规律及特点,建立BLSTM-CRF模型对命名实体进行初步识别,并使用基于词典与规则相结合的方法对识别结果进行校正.实验结果表明,该方法在化学资源文本中能够较好地完成命名实体识别任务,在测试语料上的F1值最高能达到94.26%.     

基于CRFs的多策略生物医学命名实体识别

生物医学命名实体识别是生物医学文本挖掘的基本任务.机器学习方法是生物医学命名实体研究的主流方法,选取有效的机器学习算法和采取有效的识别策略是提高生物医学命名实体识别性能的关键,鉴于条件随机域算法在自然语言处理领域的优势,本文采用该算法并结合多种识别策略对生物医学命名实体识别进行研究.实验取得了良好的效果,F测度达到了70.52%,与其它相关系统比较,识别性能有了明显提高.     

融入自注意力机制的社交媒体命名实体识别

相比规范新闻文本中命名实体识别(named entity recognition,NER),中文社交媒体中命名实体识别的性能偏低,这主要受限于文本的规范性和标注语料的规模。近年来中文社交媒体的命名实体识别研究主要针对标注语料规模小这一问题,倾向于使用外部知识或者借助联合训练来提升最终的识别性能,但对社交媒体文本不规范导致的对文本自身蕴含特征的挖掘不够这一问题的研究很少。该文着眼于文本自身,提出了一种结合双向长短时记忆和自注意力机制的命名实体识别方法。该方法通过在多个不同子空间捕获上下文相关信息来更好地理解和表示句子结构,充分挖掘文本自身蕴含的特征,并最终提升不规范文本的实体识别性能。在Weibo NER公开语料上进行了多组对比实验,实验结果验证了方法的有效性。结果表明:在不使用外部资源和联合训练的情况下,命名实体识别的F1值达到了58.76%。     

嵌入知识图谱信息的命名实体识别方法

在大规模文本语料库上预先训练的BERT(bidirectional encoder representation from transformers,BERT)等神经语言表示模型可以较好地从纯文本中捕获丰富的语义信息.但在进行中文命名实体识别任务时,由于命名实体存在结构复杂、形式多样、一词多义等问题,识别效果不佳.基于...     

多特征中文命名实体识别

命名实体识别任务是对文本中的实体进行定位，并将其分类至预定义的类别中.目前主流的中文命名实体识别的模型是基于字符的命名实体识别模型.该模型在使用句法特征之前，需先进行分词，不能很好的引入句子的句法信息.另外，基于字符的模型没有利用词典中的先验词典信息，以及中文偏旁部首蕴含的象形信息.针对上述问题，论文提出了融合句法和多粒度语义信息的多特征中文命名实体识别模型.实验证明论文模型相对目前主流模型有了较大的提高，同时论文还通过实验分析了各种特征对模型识别效果的影响.     

中文微博命名体识别

近年来微博的快速发展为命名体识别提供了新的载体,同时微博的特点也为命名体识别研究带来了挑战.针对微博特点,本文提出了基于拼音相似距离以及文本相似距离聚类算法对微博文本进行规范化,消除了微博的语言表达不规范造成的干扰.同时,本文还提出了篇章级、句子级以及词汇级三级粒度的特征提取,使用条件随机场模型进行训练数据,并识别命名体,采用由微博文本相似聚类获得的实体关系类对命名体类型进行修正.由于缺少大量的微博训练数据,本文采用半监督学习框架训练模型.通过对新浪微博数据的实验结果表明,本方法能够有效地提高微博中命名体识别的效果.     

融合跨语言特征的柬埔寨语命名实体识别方法

为了解决柬埔寨语词法标注语料稀缺、柬埔寨语命名实体缺乏明显标识特征的问题,提出一种引入英柬跨语言特征的柬埔寨语命名实体识别方法.首先,借助英语命名实体的成熟模型及英柬双语平行语料的词对齐关系,将源语言的实体类别映射到目标语言;然后根据柬埔寨语词向量构造最近邻图,采用标签传播算法,获得柬埔寨语单词的实体类别分布,完成跨语言知识转移;最后,将柬埔寨语单词的命名实体类别分布作为约束特征融入到条件随机场模型中.实验结果表明,融入跨语言特征的条件随机场模型能有效地提升柬埔寨语命名实体识别的效果.     

面向中文微博命名实体识别的对比研究

命名实体识别是自然语言处理的重要基础,同时也是信息抽取,机器翻译等应用的关键技术.近年来,网络媒体微博的迅速发展,为命名实体识别研究提供了全新的载体.针对中文微博文本短、表达不清、网络化严重等特点,对目前命名实体识别两种应用比较广泛的方法,基于最大熵模型的识别方法和基于条件随机场模型的识别,进行对比研究.在真实的微博数据上进行对比实验.通过实验结果的对比得出这两种方法在中文微博命名实体识别上的优缺点.     

基于分层标注的中文嵌套命名实体识别

中文命名实体识别在中文信息处理中扮演着重要的角色. 在中文信息文本中, 许多命名实体内部包含着嵌套实体. 然而, 已有研究大多聚焦在非嵌套实体识别, 无法充分捕获嵌套实体之间的边界信息. 采用分层标注方式进行嵌套命名实体识别(nested named entity recognition, NNER), 将每层的实体识别解析为一个单独的任务, 并通过Gate过滤机制来促进层级之间的信息交换. 利用公开的1998年《人民日报》NNER语料进行了多组实验, 验证了模型的有效性. 实验结果表明, 在不使用外部资源词典信息的情况下, 该方法在《人民日报》数据集上的F1值达到了91.41%, 有效提高了中文嵌套命名实体识别的效果.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

正~~