主蒸汽管道寿命评估方法的发展现状

综述了国内外迄今提出的关于主蒸汽管道在运行工况下寿命评估的主要方法与作者近年来提出的《蠕变相对变形量判废新准则》、《蠕变损伤强度判废新准则》和《蠕变微孔洞扩张损伤量判废标准》等最新成果。     

含球面凹坑缺陷压力管道的高温蠕变应力分析

通过大型有限元分析软件ABAQUS对在蠕变条件下运行、受内压作用含凹坑缺陷管道进行有限元数值模拟,获得蠕变应力重分布的变化过程.结果表明:含局部凹坑缺陷管道,由于受结构不连续和高温条件的影响,导致应力水平提高,降低了管道的承载能力.同时,在高温环境下,应力最大位置和应力集中系数最大位置可能会随蠕变时间的延长而改变.     

油气管道剩余强度有限元模拟分析及剩余寿命预测

腐蚀是油气长输管道安全运行的消极因素,研究腐蚀的发展规律,确定腐蚀管道的剩余强度并以此为基础预测管道的剩余寿命,对管道运行与维护具有重要意义.以某在役管道为研究对象,借助有限元分析软件ANSYS对管道的腐蚀过程进行了模拟,得到了管道在未来确定时间的剩余强度;根据相关标准规定的失效准则,确定了管道的剩余寿命;预测了管道在未来某一时间的运行可靠性.研究结果对管道运行与维护补强措施的制定具有指导意义.     

超高压管道有限元分析和强度评定

目的对外壁面上带有小盲孔的超高压管道结构进行强度评定。方法采用有限元方法进行应力计算,应用分析设计原理进行强度评定。结果获得孔周边详尽的应力场。结论评定结果显示,带有Φ6×14.75小盲孔的高压管道结构安全可行。     

用蠕变内应力预测高温管道残余寿命

用恒应变速率法测定高温管道蠕变内应力并预测其残余寿命,不管是以蠕变极限为失效准则,还是以持久强度为失效准则,都可获得令人满意的结果;而以蠕变极限为失效准则的蠕变内应力法与常规的以蠕变试验为基础的等温外推法相比,还具有试验时间短的优点。     

主蒸汽管道两种弯头材料的主要力学性能及蠕变损伤劣化情况的试验研究

通过试验研究，阐述了火力发电厂主蒸汽管道中两种常用弯头材料的试验数据，由这些数据分别得出了各种力学参数的计算公式，对火电厂的工程技术人员和从事设计、科研的技术人员都有十分重要的参考价值     

机坪输油管道荷载附加应力分析

应用ABAQUS有限元软件,考虑管土相互作用,建立并验证了管道结构有限元分析模型.应用该模型,分析了管周附加应力的分布特征,计算了飞机、施工重型车辆和压路机荷载作用下,管道附加应力及其引起的管道结构应力和变形随管道埋深的变化规律.结果表明:不同管道埋深对应的管周附加应力在管顶至管两侧60°的范围内有显著差异,且该范围内附加应力近似呈抛物线分布.即使管道埋深小至1倍管径时,飞机荷载和施工重型车辆荷载引起的管道结构应力和变形仍远小于容许值,而压路机高振幅振动压应力引起的管道结构应力达到管道强度失效的临界标准,是管道承受的最不利外荷载类型,对管道埋深有重要影响.     

钢衬钢纤维自应力混凝土压力管道抗裂性能研究

钢纤维自应力混凝土是一种具有很高抗拉强度的新型结构材料,将其应用到水电站钢衬钢筋混凝土压力管道中,可以明显地改善管道的抗裂能力．通过一系列大比尺管道试验,对比了钢衬钢筋混凝土压力管道、钢衬钢纤维混凝土压力管道,钢衬钢纤维自应力混凝土压力管道抗裂性能．试验结果表明。钢纤维自应力混凝土能够明显地提高压力管道的抗裂承载力．依据试验结果并结合理论推导,给出了钢衬钢纤维自应力混凝土压力管道开裂荷载的计算公式．     

高温蒸汽管道在高温蠕变与低周疲劳交互作用下的损伤演化和寿命估算方法

基于近年来固体力学发展的前沿领域中较成熟的连续损伤力学的概念与理论,着重讨论火电厂中高温蒸汽管道,在高温和周期加载条件下运行时,将发生高温蠕变与低周疲劳交互作用下的材质劣化损伤行为。针对这种性状来研究蒸汽管道常用耐热钢在高温蠕变与低周疲劳交互作用时的损伤本构关系,提出用于管道结构分析的基本方程与变分方法,并从工程实用角度出发,根据火电厂中大多数高温结构元件的服役运行工况,利用"间置加载"型载荷谱的特点,提出两个基本假设,以突出蠕变与疲劳交互作用过程中的主要特征,并依据初始循环应力应变场,来对损伤过程中的循环应力应变场进行逼真描述,为更好地解决管道结构分析中的实际问题以及构件的寿命估算,从而提出更为严谨的理论和管道结构分析的变分方法。     

基于材料杨氏模量实测的电厂主蒸汽管应力分析

通过实验与理论分析、数值计算相结合的方法进行电厂主蒸汽管热应力应变分析.首先用高温应变片精确测量锅炉主蒸汽管道直管段的热应变,并根据结构应力的解析解,得到管道结构材料杨氏模量与温度的关系.在此基础上,利用有限元分析技术,更全面准确地分析管系在不同工作状态下的热应力、应变情况.该方法应用于某电厂主蒸汽管应力分析,效果较好.对电站的安全监测有一定实用价值.该方法也可推广至其他领域进行高温管系的力学分析.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with