基于频率跟踪法的螺栓联接状态监测研究

针对工程实际中出现的螺栓联接松动问题进行了研究,提出了一种基于压电主动式传感的结构频率跟踪的螺栓联接监测方法。根据赫兹接触理论并结合有限元仿真分析,得出了螺栓联接接触界面法向接触刚度与螺栓预紧力之间的单调函数关系,而螺栓联接结构的频率与法向接触刚度相关,进而建立了基于频率跟踪法的螺栓联接状态监测方法。建立实验装置,在螺栓联接件的非接触面的两侧分别粘贴压电材料,作为驱动器和传感器,分别激发脉冲超声波信号和接收通过螺栓联接界面的超声波响应信号,分析了响应信号的功率谱得到螺栓联接结构的频谱。实验结果表明:螺栓联接结合面的法向接触刚度与预紧力近似成对数函数关系,螺栓联接结构的某阶频率与螺栓预紧力近似成对数函数关系,从而可以通过分析螺栓联接结构的某阶频率变化得到螺栓预紧力状态。仿真结果与实验结果相一致,为螺栓联接松动问题提供了一种监测方法。     

拧紧工艺的螺栓连接结构预紧力变化规律

针对航空发动机装配过程中螺栓预紧力一致性差的问题，建立螺栓连接转子有限元模型，获得螺栓在顺序拧紧和星形拧紧时预紧力的衰减规律和分布特点.进行螺栓预紧力实验研究，分析了拧紧顺序及拧紧速度对螺栓预紧力的影响，并揭示了预紧力随时间的衰减机理.结果表明：拧紧相邻螺栓会使预紧力大幅衰减；提高拧紧速度会使螺栓获得较大预紧力，使得连接结构更加稳定；螺栓拧紧后预紧力会在短时间内大幅衰减，衰减规律与扭矩幅值息息相关.因此，在发动机装配中，严格控制螺栓拧紧工艺的同时，预紧力短时间内的衰减不可忽视.     

动车组裙板螺栓预紧力衰减研究

为防止动车组裙板螺栓预紧力衰减而影响行车安全,本文采用有限元分析方法,研究蠕变条件下螺栓预紧力衰减规律;采用横向振动试验方法,研究螺栓连接件在振动条件下的预紧力衰减规律;采用实车跟踪实验方法,监测运营条件下动车组裙板螺栓预紧力衰减情况.通过仿真分析与试验研究,明确了裙板螺栓连接预紧力的影响因素与衰减规律,提出了合理的控制措施,对指导螺栓防松、保证动车组行车安全具有重要意义.     

横向载荷下止动盘螺栓松动有限元分析与改进

针对横向载荷下止动盘螺栓松动失效，借助ABAQUS分析软件，对螺栓初始预紧力、摩擦系数、载荷幅值、载荷频率等进行分析，表明初始预紧力、载荷幅值、摩擦系数是连接松动的重要影响因素。结合止动盘螺栓实际使用状态，提出止动盘螺栓按材料限制最高拧紧力矩施加初始预紧力、定期检查并补充拧紧、安装弹簧垫圈等修理方式可有效防止松动失效。     

风力发电机塔筒法兰高强度螺栓疲劳强度分析

以风力发电机塔筒法兰高强度螺栓为研究对象,考虑外载对疲劳损伤的影响,建立风力发电机塔筒法兰高强度螺栓疲劳强度分析的方法.首先,以连接截面受力状况作为损伤参量,借助塔筒等效模型确定最大受载截面;其次,采用Schmidt-Neuper算法获得塔筒任意扇面所受外载,并基于有限元模型研究外载与高强度螺栓内应力的关系,建立高强度螺栓疲劳损伤分布模型;最后,考虑预紧力的影响,对比研究不同螺栓预紧力疲劳累积损伤值,确定最优螺栓预紧力.结果表明,整圈法兰螺栓疲劳累积损伤最大位置为-4.17°和175.87°,预紧力比例为70%时螺栓预紧力最为合适.     

高强度螺栓扭矩系数研究

高强度螺栓连接广泛应用于钢结构重要部位,螺栓预紧力又是度量连接质量的重要参数;而由于螺栓和被连接件的变形,预紧力很难精确控制;为达到预期的预紧力应施加多大的拧紧力矩成为工程应用中的焦点。在扭矩系数中引入轴力相关系数来考虑扭矩与预紧力的关系,得到了修正的扭矩系数;并通过实验和有限元仿真数据对比,验证了理论推导的正确性,为以后的设计与研究提供了指导。     

被联接件形式对结构模态及传递特性影响的研究

被联接件形式和螺栓预紧力对螺栓联接结构的模态和传递函数有较大的影响,但在实际的工程装配和有限元模拟时,由于处理复杂而经常被忽略。首先通过ANSYS Workbench软件,对不同被联接件形式下的螺栓联接结构进行模态分析和传递特性分析,然后对阶梯型螺栓联接结构施加三组不同预紧力,最后将有限元计算值和实验值进行比较。计算结果表明,由于在模态计算时忽略了阻尼的影响,使得计算值和实验值有误差,误差在工程允许的范围内;被联接件形式为阶梯型时结构的固有频率较高;被联接件形式和螺栓预紧力对结构传递特性影响较明显。     

谐调螺栓连接对航空发动机静子系统动力学特性影响

在航空发动机的设计阶段或正常工作时,螺栓连接结构的每个螺栓沿着法兰边周向均匀分布,且预紧力相同,因此该螺栓连接结构是周期谐调分布的.为了研究谐调螺栓连接结构对航空发动机静子系统动力学特性的影响,将改进薄层单元法应用到这种结构中,该方法能够考虑螺栓连接周向刚度非均匀分布的特点,并且分块的薄层单元的材料参数可以通过螺栓连接的结构、载荷参数来确定,无需进行试验数据修正.首先,简单阐述了螺栓连接结构改进薄层单元法的基本理论;其次,将方法应用到含有螺栓连接结构的简化机匣中,研究了螺栓预紧力、螺杆直径、螺栓材料参数、螺栓个数对机匣固有特性的影响,并提出了刚度比k和参数χ来说明影响的规律;最后,研究了螺栓预紧力对机匣稳态响应特性的影响规律.结果表明:螺栓预紧力对机匣固有特性影响最大,具体到各阶振动,所有参数均对第1阶横向弯曲振动影响最大,对第3阶振动几乎没影响;随着螺栓预紧力的降低,整个结构稳态响应曲线的同阶峰值点逐渐向左移动,响应幅值逐渐升高,因此对于航空发动静子系统,不能忽略螺栓连接结构的影响.     

预紧力与非线性作用的螺栓结合部动力学特性

为研究预紧力对螺栓结合部动力学特性的影响,该文选择一种双螺栓结合部试件作为研究对象,通过理论推导利用集中参数法在试件一阶模态处建立了单自由度简化模型;通过模态实验获得了不同螺栓预紧力下结构一阶动力学特性的变化情况;在激振实验的基础上,利用力状态映射法对结合部在不同预紧力下非线性等效动力学参数进行了辨识。结果表明:结合部非线性会随预紧力降低而增强。在预紧力较低时,对结合部进行准确动力学建模需要考虑非线性因素的影响。     

六角端面六角头螺栓扭矩系数理论计算

螺栓紧固件在工程中得到广泛应用,其扭矩系数反映了在拧紧过程中预紧力与扭矩之间的关系.目前螺栓扭矩系数的研究大多集中于圆环端面螺栓,对于其他端面类型螺栓的研究相对较少.通过受力分析,建立了六角端面六角头螺栓的力学模型.利用圆环端面扭矩的计算公式,推导出六角端面六角头螺栓预紧力与扭矩的关系,并给出扭矩系数的精确计算公式.然后采用拧紧试验机对不同尺寸螺栓的扭矩系数进行实验测量,将理论结果与实测结果相比较,结果表明,理论结果与实验结果相吻合.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that