二噁英污染引起的特异性下颌短小一斑马鱼下颌形态学检测

以二噁英为主的持久性环境污染物质具有强力的致癌、致畸性、致死性，对人类和动物的健康构成了严重的威胁．本实验使用其中毒性最强的环境污染物质2，3，7，8-四氯-二苯基-对-二噁英(2，3，7，8-tetrachlorodibenzo—p-dioxin，以下略为TCDD)作为标准对斑马鱼胚胎进行了染毒．实验结果表明TCDD可以引起斑马鱼下颌的短下，并且这种短小是以TCDD的浓度为依存的，通过原位杂交试验表明TCDD引起斑马鱼下颌短小与goosecoid基因以及与形态发育密切相关的ptd基因表达欠缺．因此本试验预示TCDD引起的下颌短小是特异性的，以下颌的短小作为TCDD对斑马鱼形态学发育影响的一种评价指标是有可行性的。     

福美双对斑马鱼胚胎心脏发育的影响

福美双是我国使用非常广泛、生产量非常大的一种高残留农药,福美双的毒性与高残留性逐步引起世界各国的重视.本研究使用斑马鱼作为实验动物模型,研究了福美双的毒性机制.结果表明福美双引起心囊水肿等外观形态学的变化,心囊水肿率与福美双的浓度呈正相关,通过组织切片进一步证实其致畸性变化.研究表明斑马鱼早期胚胎作为农药的生物学评价具有一定的参考价值.     

甲拌磷对斑马鱼胚胎的毒性研究

采用0(对照),10,20,40,80,160mg/L的甲拌磷给受精后4h的斑马鱼胚胎进行染毒,观察斑马鱼胚胎发育全过程,并在96h摄像,结果表明:斑马鱼卵在24h,48h的半致死浓度分别为25.63mg/L,14.96mg/L.染毒斑马鱼胚胎发育过程中出现尾部弯曲、心律消失、发育停止等特点.     

二(口恶)英污染引起的特异性下颌短小-斑马鱼下颌形态学检测

以二(口恶)英为主的持久性环境污染物质具有强力的致癌、致畸性、致死性,对人类和动物的健康构成了严重的威胁.本实验使用其中毒性最强的环境污染物质2,3,7,8-四氯-二苯基-对-二(口恶)英(2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin,以下略为TCDD) 作为标准对斑马鱼胚胎进行了染毒.实验结果表明TCDD可以引起斑马鱼下颌的短下,并且这种短小是以TCDD的浓度为依存的,通过原位杂交试验表明TCDD引起斑马鱼下颌短小与goosecoid基因以及与形态发育密切相关的ptd基因表达欠缺.因此本试验预示TCDD引起的下颌短小是特异性的,以下颌的短小作为TCDD对斑马鱼形态学发育影响的一种评价指标是有可行性的.     

二噁英污染引起的特异性下颌短小—斑马鱼下颌形态学检测

以二英为主的持久性环境污染物质具有强力的致癌、致畸性、致死性,对人类和动物的健康构成了严重的威胁.本实验使用其中毒性最强的环境污染物质2,3,7,8-四氯-二苯基-对-二英(2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin,以下略为TCDD)作为标准对斑马鱼胚胎进行了染毒.实验结果表明TCDD可以引起斑马鱼下颌的短下,并且这种短小是以TCDD的浓度为依存的,通过原位杂交试验表明TCDD引起斑马鱼下颌短小与goosecoid基因以及与形态发育密切相关的ptd基因表达欠缺.因此本试验预示TCDD引起的下颌短小是特异性的,以下颌的短小作为TCDD对斑马鱼形态学发育影响的一种评价指标是有可行性的.     

基于斑马鱼模型的海洋中药厚藤安全性评价

采用模式生物斑马鱼模型评价海洋中药厚藤水提物（Ipomoea pes-caprae（Linn.） Sweet water extract,IWE）及醇提物（Ipomoea pes-caprae（Linn.） Sweet alcohol extract,IAE）的安全性。采用受精后3 dpf （Day post fertilization） AB系斑马鱼进行急性毒性评价,将受精后10 hpf （Hours post fertilization）斑马鱼用于胚胎发育毒性及心脏毒性评价;将受精后3 dpf的gz15Tg/+（AB）肝脏荧光蛋白转基因斑马鱼用于肝脏毒性评价。结果表明,急性毒性实验中厚藤水提物半数致死浓度（LC₅₀）为2.84 mg/mL,10%致死浓度（LC₁₀）为1.46 mg/mL;厚藤醇提物LC₅₀为1.32 mg/mL,LC₁₀为0.76 mg/mL。胚胎发育毒性实验中厚藤水提物最大非致死浓度（MNLC）组及LC₁₀组干预24 h对斑马鱼胚胎未见尾部自主运动现象且发育迟缓,斑马鱼发育至72 hpf出现心脏和软黄囊肿大现象;厚藤醇提物LC₁₀组与空白对照组比较出现心包水肿,血瘀,观察中各组未见胚胎发育畸形现象。心脏毒性实验中空白对照组斑马鱼胚胎心跳节律规则、搏动强有力;厚藤水提物及醇提物在24 hpf,48 hpf,72 hpf时间点1/3MNLC组、MNLC组及LC₁₀组分别与空白对照组比较,均能明显减慢斑马鱼胚胎的心率且呈现剂量依赖性（P<0.01）;厚藤水提物及醇提物1/3MNLC组、MNLC组及LC₁₀组分别与空白对照组比较,均能明显增加斑马鱼胚胎的SV-BA间距（P<0.01）。肝脏毒性实验中厚藤水提物中各给药组与空白对照组比较,肝脏荧光面积均有减少趋势,组间比较无差异性;厚藤醇提物中1/3MNLC组、MNLC组及LC₁₀组与空白对照组比较,肝脏荧光面积均有增加趋势,但组间比较无差异性,各给药组斑马鱼的丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）水平与空白对照组比较均无显著差异。本实验中厚藤水提物的LC₅₀显著高于醇提物。高剂量LC₁₀组均对斑马鱼胚胎发育产生一定毒性作用。厚藤水提物及醇提物随着给药剂量增加,明显减慢斑马鱼胚胎的心率,产生一定心脏毒性作用。厚藤水提物及醇提物均未引起明显的肝脏毒性。     

利用斑马鱼模型研究芦笋有效成分对免疫功能的调节作用

采用正常发育48 hpf的转基因斑马鱼为实验动物,以氯霉素处理引起免疫抑制,分别加入25.0~200.0 mg/L的芦笋多糖、6.25~100.00 mg/L的芦笋皂苷,处理24 h,观察各组斑马鱼的发育情况,拍照并统计斑马鱼体内中性粒细胞的数量。结果表明,氯霉素处理斑马鱼后,斑马鱼体内中性粒细胞数量减少,芦笋多糖在浓度为50.0~200.0 mg/L范围内对斑马鱼体内中性粒细胞数量减少具有明显改善作用,且具有明显的剂量依赖效应;芦笋皂苷在实验剂量范围内均显示出显著的改善作用。实验结果显示,芦笋的有效成分芦笋多糖、芦笋皂苷对斑马鱼免疫功能具有明显的调节作用。     

白藜芦醇对阿司咪唑诱导斑马鱼心脏损伤的保护作用

探讨不同浓度的白藜芦醇对阿司咪唑诱导斑马鱼胚胎心脏损伤的保护作用。采用发育正常的48 hpf斑马鱼胚胎作为实验模型,加入阿司咪唑(4 μmol/L)后再加入不同浓度的白藜芦醇处理上述胚胎,于72 hpf观察胚胎心脏的形态、心率及静脉窦 动脉球（SV BA）的变化。结果发现阿司咪唑模型对照组在给药后出现心脏损伤现象,包括心包水肿、心脏周围血细胞堆积、心率减慢和SV BA间距的缩短,白藜芦醇给药组对上述损伤情况改善明显,并且随着给药浓度的增加,阿司咪唑诱导的心脏毒性作用明显减小。研究认为白藜芦醇对阿司咪唑诱导的斑马鱼心脏毒性有一定的保护作用。     

异烟肼对斑马鱼幼鱼发育毒性及运动行为学的影响

以斑马鱼幼鱼为研究对象,研究异烟肼对幼鱼发育毒性和行为学的影响。 用不同浓度的异烟肼分别处理发育至72 hpf的斑马鱼幼鱼,观察幼鱼的死亡率、畸形率及形态变化,分析幼鱼行为学轨迹。 异烟肼（≥4 mmol/L）对斑马鱼幼鱼有致死作用,随着浓度的增加和作用时间延长而增强。异烟肼对斑马鱼幼鱼的发育过程有致畸作用,表现为脊柱弯曲、卵黄囊吸收延滞、心包水肿、鱼鳔缺失、体长发育延迟和器官空泡化等。随着给药浓度的增加和作用时间的延长,异烟肼组幼鱼行为轨迹减少,运动次数和运动速度显著降低。结果表明,异烟肼（≥4 mmol/L）对斑马鱼幼鱼具有致死和致畸作用,对幼鱼的运动行为有抑制作用,并且呈现时间和剂量依赖性。     

异烟肼对斑马鱼胚胎发育量-毒关系的研究

研究了一线抗结核药物异烟肼对斑马鱼发育的量-毒关系。用不同浓度的异烟肼分别处理发育至2 hpf(hour post fertilization)的斑马鱼胚胎,观察胚胎和幼鱼的死亡率、孵化率、畸形率、体长及形态学变化。急性毒性实验结果表明异烟肼对斑马鱼有明显的发育毒性,能导致斑马鱼发育迟缓和畸变。与对照组相比,低剂量（小于6 mmol/L）异烟肼对斑马鱼无发育毒性,高剂量（≥32 mmol/L）异烟肼显著抑制胚胎的孵化率,并有明显的胚胎致死效应和致畸效应。斑马鱼死亡率和畸形率均随给药剂量的增加和给药时间的延长而升高。本实验条件下,异烟肼的最大无毒性效应浓度为2 mmol/L。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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