5种蕨类植物木质部管状分子的研究

为研究蕨类植物木质部管状分子的类型及特点,分别对蕨(Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum)、银粉背蕨(Aleuritopteris argentea)、华北薄鳞蕨(Leptolepidium kuhnii)、荚果蕨(Matteuccia struthiopteris)和耳叶金毛裸蕨(Gymnopteris bipinnata var. auriculata) 5种蕨类的叶柄或根状茎维管束进行离析处理,并在光学显微镜和扫描电镜下观察和照相.结果显示: 1)5种蕨类植物中都有导管分子存在,耳叶金毛裸蕨除具有导管分子外,还有管胞; 2)导管分子普遍具有多穿孔板,穿孔板以梯状为主,偶有网状,但没有单穿孔板,各种蕨类的管状分子中都存在不同程度的纹孔膜残余; 3)蕨导管分子的端壁和侧壁分化明显,存在网状穿孔板,并具有纹孔二型性现象,以及多孔性纹孔膜和凹槽结构; 4)银粉背蕨叶柄导管分子的穿孔板有的与纹孔膜完整的壁相邻,根状茎导管分子的侧壁之间以"脊"状结构相隔; 5)华北薄鳞蕨叶柄导管分子中存在不连续穿孔板,根状茎管状分子的端壁和侧壁分化鲜明; 6)荚果蕨叶柄导管分子中存在网状-梯状混合型穿孔板; 7)耳叶金毛裸蕨叶柄中同时具有导管分子和管胞,导管分子的穿孔板有的与纹孔膜完整的壁相邻; 8)与被子植物相比,蕨类植物导管分子的特征在很大程度上体现了其原始性.     

华中五味子根、茎次生木质部的比较解剖

对华中五味子根、茎次生木质部的观察表明,其根、茎次生木质部的解剖特征基本相同:散孔材;导管分子相对较长,其末端略倾斜,单穿孔;侧壁纹孔类型为梯状具缘纹孔和单纹孔,梯状、对列或互列;仅具纤维管胞,无韧型纤维;木薄壁组织离管型和傍管型;木射线均存在异形Ⅱ型.华中五味子次生木质部既表现出明显的原始特征,如散孔材,导管分子相对较长,单孔率高,梯状具缘纹孔,仅具纤维管胞,无韧型纤维,木射线为异形Ⅱ型;同时又表现出一些较为进化的特征,如导管分子以单穿孔为主,端壁倾斜度较小,单纹孔,木薄壁组织傍管型,说明五味子科是最原始类群中进化程度较高的类群.与根相比,华中五味子茎的次生木质部导管短宽,导管分布频率大,单孔率高,纤维短而窄,射线短而窄.茎次生木质部的这种“小型化”与其特定的功能和生境相适应.     

桂花木质部导管分子形态学研究

运用离析和显微观测的方法,对桂花枝条木质部导管分子形态特征进行了研究.研究表明:桂花1至3年生枝条具多种类型的导管分子,主要类型为环纹和孔纹导管分子;大多数导管分子具有尾状结构,一端具尾或两端具尾,无尾导管分子较少;导管分子穿孔板类型为单穿孔,大多数穿孔板倾斜31°⁶0°;金桂与丹桂导管分子形态特征无明显差别,1至3年生枝条导管长度平均444.86μm,直径平均31.13μm,长度和直径随枝龄的增加而增大.     

百合科植物比较形态解剖学研究——Ⅱ、万年青、吉祥草、紫花玉簪、芦荟、吊兰后生木质部管状分子的比较解剖

根据V.L.Cheadla关于单子叶植物解剖性状演化观点,即(1)根、茎、叶中均存在导管较根、根状茎中具导管或仅根中有导管进化;(2)导管分子短而宽较导管分子长而细进化;(3)单穿孔板类型较梯状穿孔板类型高级,而梯状穿孔板模隔数越少越高级.用上述3条标准对百合科(Liliaceae)中铃兰族(Conval-lavrieae)万年青属(Robdea Roth)万年青(R.japonica(Thunb.)Roth),吉祥草属(Reineckja Kunth)吉祥草(R.carnea(Andr.)Kunth.);萱草族(Hemero ca-lleae)玉簪属(Hosta Tratt.)紫花玉簪(H。albo-marginata(Hook.)Ohwi)芦荟族(Aloeae)芦荟属(Aloe L.)芦荟(A.vera L.var.chinensis(Haw.)Berg.);吊兰族(Asphodeleae),吊兰属(Chlorophytum Ker-Gawl.)吊兰(C.comosum(Thunb.)Peker)等植物的后生木质部管状分子进行比较解剖研究.结果表明:吊兰、芦荟、紫花玉簪较吉祥草、万年青进化.     

3种入侵杂草次生木质部的细胞结构

运用离析法和显微照相等技术,比较了黄顶菊、豚草、加拿大一枝黄花3种入侵植物茎和根中次生木质部细胞的特征。结果表明,3种入侵植物根、茎的次生木质部中孔纹和网纹导管分子较多,具多尾性,单穿孔板,少数导管分子还具侵填体等特征,这都在一定程度上说明3种植物在系统进化中占有较高的地位。同一种植物中茎的导管分子平均长度长于根中,平均宽度宽于根中,且均达极显著差异;同一种植物的茎中和根中导管分子的长度、宽度并不一定有一致性。管胞细胞、纤维细胞的平均长度和宽度在3种植物间均未表现出一定的规律性。这些现象都说明植物为了更好的适应不同的生活环境而形成了一定的结构。     

桑属植物导管形态特征及其分类学意义

借助光学显微镜系统观察了桑属(Morus.)8个品种,2年生枝木质部离析材料,研究发现导管分子类型、大小和穿孔板等基本特征,这些特征在桑属种间存在广泛差异,具有重要的分类学意义。依据导管、穿孔板类型的特征,可以将桑属植物分为二类:长穗桑、白桑、广东桑、华桑组成较原始类,山桑、蒙桑、鸡桑、川桑组成较进化类。从导管分子的显微特征推测:桑属植物演化水平由低到高依次为:长穗桑、白桑→广东桑、华桑→山桑→蒙桑、鸡桑、川桑。     

4种耐风沙盐碱植物导管分子的比较解剖学研究

利用导管分子离析及光学显微技术,对榆属3种植物与胡颊子属植物沙枣次生木质部导管分子进行了比较结构学研究.结果表明:栓皮眷榆、蒙古黄榆、白榆和沙枣离析导管分子在风沙盐碱的恶劣环境下演化出不同的形态和各自的适应性.榆属3种植物导管分子侧壁均为螺纹加厚,纹孔为对列-互列型,但导管分子平均长度和平均直径呈反比.沙枣导管分子侧壁为全面加厚,纹孔为进化的孔纹,直径远大于榆属3种植物.分析表明,沙枣最适宜沙地种植,可用来做绿化树种.     

Rhododendron dauricum的木材解剖学研究

Rhododendrondanricum是Ericaceae,Rhododendron植物，对其木材进行解剖发现其为散孔材，射线为异Ⅱ型，在离析材料可见维管管胞和纤维管胞，导管穿孔为梯状穿孔板。     

桃金娘科9属21种木材的比较解剖

用光镜和扫描电镜比较了桃金娘科（Ｍｙｒｔａｃｅａｅ）９属２１种木材的解剖结构。结果表明：多数种木材生长轮不明显,几乎都为散孔材,木材分子非叠生,导管分子单穿孔板,管间纹孔具附物,胞间道和管状分子壁螺纹加厚壁缺如,少数种有分膈纤维。２亚科间木材结构有明显差异,桃金娘亚科（Ｍｙｒｔｏｉｄｅａｅ）木材结构较细籽亚科（Ｌｅｐ－ｔｏｓｐｅｒｍｏｉｄｅａｅ）原始。     

小麦茎维管组织的分化与居间生长的关系

小麦茎节间维管组织发育对整个节间的居间生长表现出很好的适应,在居间生长过程中(至少在缓慢生长阶段)使维管组织保持连续。这种适应表现在木质部分化中是:(1)导管向基成熟;(2)在居间生长时期形成的某些导管,同一个导管的各部分具有不同的次生壁结构和不同的直径,这决定于它各部分形成时周围组织发育的状况;(3)由于原形成层束在居间分生组织区域保持较长时间的细胞纵分裂,所以在节间下部形成的导管分子纵列较节间上部的为多。韧皮部分化对居间生长的适应与木质部相似。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that