非晶态Ni-B/SiO_2催化硝基苯加氢及其晶化失活

采用化学还原法制备了负载型Ni－B/SiO2非晶态合金催化剂,采用高压液相硝基苯的加氢反应,测定了上述催化剂的加氢活性和选择性,并与其他Ni系催化剂（Ni／SiO2和RaneyNi催化剂）进行了比较,发现所有催化剂均具有很高的催化活性和选择性,而Ni－B／SiO2非晶态合金的催化活性和选择性最高．通过高温处理获得对应的晶态Ni－B／SiO2催化剂,Ni－B／SiO2非晶态合金的加氢活性明显高于对应的晶态催化剂,表明催化剂存在晶化失活现象,结合催化剂的表征,讨论了非晶态合金催化剂的晶化失活机理,主要归因于高温团聚导致催化剂活性比表面积下降．     

乙腈液相加氢制备乙胺新型高效催化剂的研制

以乙腈液相选择性加氢制备乙胺为目标反应，分别制备了超细Ni—B和Co-B非晶态合金催化剂，比较了不同催化剂的活性和对乙胺选择性，得到如下结果：活性顺序为Ni—B非晶态合金＞Co-B非晶态合金＞Raney Ni；对目标产物乙胺的选择性顺序为Co-B非晶态合金＞Ni—B非晶态合金＞Raney Ni，其中Co-B非晶态合金乙腈加氢，乙胺的最高得率超过90％，有良好的工业化应用前景．通过催化剂表征和动力学研究，初步讨论了催化性能与催化剂结构的关系．     

非晶态Ni—Fe—P合金电沉积的研究

介绍了一种新的电沉积非晶态Ni—Fe—P合金的方法．用这种方法在室温下电沉积出的非晶态Ni－Fe—P合金镀层外观接近镜面,镀层厚度可达42μm．经X－ray衍射、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）及等离子光谱分析（ICP—AES）证实,所获得的Ni—Fe—P合金镀层为非晶态结构,镀层中主要成分Ni、Fe、P的含量分别为74％～83％、9％～24％和6％～10％,此外,还含有0．01％～0．14％B和C元素,这些元素的存在是导致非晶态Ni—Fe—P合金镀层产生的主要原因．文中对电沉积非晶态NI—Fe—P合金的工艺条件、添加剂HAT和光亮剂HAB1、HAB2的作用和影响进行了分析和探讨．图8,表1,参14     

负载型Ni-B／Si02非晶态催化剂应用于菜籽油选择加氢的研究

研究了负载型Ni—B／SiO2非晶态合金催化剂对菜籽油的选择性加氢性能，考察了反应温度、反应时间及催化剂浓度对反应的影响，确定了适合菜籽油氢化的工艺条件，并初步探讨了温度对生成反式酸的影响．     

负载型非晶态合金催化剂（Ni—B／SiO2）与己二腈气固相常压加氢的研究

采用化学还原法合成了负载型Ｎｉ－Ｂ非晶态合金催化剂及其对应的晶态Ｎｉ系催化剂。用电感耦合等离子光谱（ＩＣＰ）、Ｘ－射线衍射（ＸＲＤ）、扫描电子显微镜（ＳＥＭ）、Ｘ－射线光电子能谱（ＸＰＳ）、比表面测定（ＢＥＴ）及氢吸附法对催化剂进行了表征。活性测试结果表明：负载型非晶态合金催化剂（Ｎｉ－Ｂ／ＳｉＯ２）对己二腈气固相常压加氢反应具有很高的活性和选择性,工业应用前景乐观。     

负载型Ni-B非晶态合金的制备及其催化加氢活性研究

通过化学还原沉积法将超细Ni B非晶态合金负载于介孔分子筛 (MCM 4 1,HMS)上 ,以丙烯腈加氢生成丙腈为目标反应 ,考察了上述催化剂的催化活性和热稳定性 ,并与Ni B/SiO2 和非负载型Ni B非晶态合金做了比较 .研究发现 ,上述 4种催化剂的催化活性依次为 :Ni B/MCM 4 1>Ni B/HMS >Ni B/SiO2 >Ni B .结合比表面测试 (BET) ,电感耦合等离子光谱 (ICP) ,X射线衍射 (XRD) ,差示扫描量热法 (DSC) ,选区电子衍射 (SAED)以及氢吸附等表征手段 ,发现高比表面和具有规整结构是Ni B/MCM 4 1具有较高活性的原因 .     

NdFeB磁性材料化学镀非晶态Ni—W—P合金及其相转变行为

采用化学镀方法在NdFeB磁性材料表面施镀非晶态Ni—W—P合金,利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）及X射线衍射仪对Ni—WP合金镀层的组织形貌、结构及其相转变行为进行了分析．结果表明,非晶态Ni—W—P合金镀层是由大量不同尺寸的颗粒状或胞状突起组成,随着热处理温度逐渐升高,镀层结构由非晶结构逐渐转变为晶态结构,非晶态Ni—W—P合金镀层的晶化转变温度范围为350～380℃．     

Ni—B／SP的负载量对催化剂苯加氢反应活性的影响

采用化学还原与浸渍相结合的方法制备了各种负地量的负载型非晶态NiB合金催化剂,采用脉冲微反技术以苯加氢为探针反应考察了不同反应温度下催化剂的活性,研究了不同镍负载量对负载型非晶态合金催化活性的影响并得到了最会负载量9．98％,采用XRD确定了催化剂的非晶结构,采用ICP测得了催化剂的镍负载量和体相组成,采用BET和CO化学吸附法测得了催化剂的比表面积（SBET）和活性镍表面积。     

NiB/Al_2O_3非晶态合金催化剂抗硫性能研究

采用化学还原法制备了非晶态NiB合金及负载型非晶态NiB/Al2 O3合金 ,用浸渍法制备了Ni/Al2 O3催化剂。用ICP、BET、TPD及氢吸附等方法对催化剂进行了表征。以苯加氢为探针反应 ,以CS2 为毒物 ,对各催化剂的催化活性和抗硫性能进行了比较。研究结果表明 ,非晶态合金由于有更高的活性镍面积而表现出更高的催化活性及抗硫性能 ,载体能改善非晶态合金的性能 ,并对毒物有一定的吸附作用。在非晶态合金表面有三种中心 ,CS2 优先中毒高温吸附中心。     

非晶态合金催化剂NiB(P)/TiO2的粉末化学镀法制备及其加氢催化性能的研究

采用诱导沉积法及粉末化学镀方法，分别制备了纯态NiB、NiP及负载型NiB／TiO2、NiP／TiO2非晶态合金催化剂,用XRD、ICP、SEM、TEM和DSC等方法对催化剂的结构、组成、形貌及热稳定性进行了表征，研究了TiO2载体与NiB、NiP非晶态合金之间的相互作用，并以环丁烯砜加氢为探针反应考察了所制催化剂的加氢性能．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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