车辆外部流场的数值模拟研究

将车辆外部流场视为三维定常可压缩气体的紊流流动来进行数值模拟,求出了车辆外部三维的压力、流速分布情况,获得了车辆外形与气动阻力系数等车辆空气动力学特性的定量关系;探讨了数值模拟的数学模型与计算方法和提高计算精度与加速收敛的措施,并用测试结果验证了计算结果的正确性。     

基于CFD与ε-NTU法的工程车辆散热性能预估

为提高车辆散热系统选型设计效率,了解车辆散热系统工作性能,采用CFD数值模拟对散热器单元体进行分析,提取所需参数拟合性能曲线;将散热器压力损失转换为三维模型参数,在虚拟风洞内进行数值模拟,获得动力舱进风系数;将所得参数代入ε-NTU中求解,对车辆动力舱内实际散热性能进行预估.选用两种较为常见的车辆散热系统作为实例进行验算,将计算结果分别与三维CFD模拟仿真结果和实验数据相对照,结果表明:温度数值的最大误差出现在中冷器,约为7.89%,其余热介质平均误差约为2.29%,在可接受范围之内;该预估方法计算精度略低于三维CFD仿真,但计算周期短、扩展性强、相对简单、更为实用,更适用于散热系统选型及车辆动力舱内实际散热性能的预估.     

理想轿车车身的三维数值计算与实验比较分析

以计算流体力学（CFD）为基础,采用有限容积法模拟计算了轿车车身的外部流场,三维理想轿车车身空气动力学特性参数的数值模拟结果与风洞实验数据吻合较,表明数值模拟研究汽车空气动力学特性是切实可行的。     

车辆动载作用下地下通道基坑稳定性研究

隆祥街地下通道位于武汉市汉阳区龙阳大道与隆祥街的交汇处,地标建筑物多且近,路面交通十分繁忙,地下通道基坑在开挖时会产生基坑坑壁的水平位移和竖直沉降,造成基坑失稳,而路面车辆动载是造成基坑坑壁失稳的重要因素之一。根据数值分析相关理论,建立地下通道基坑模型,采用FLAC3D有限差分法软件对开挖进行数值模拟,对坑壁监测点的数值计算结果与实际监测结果进行对比,判断车辆动载数值模拟函数是否可行,以及基坑在车辆动载作用下的稳定性情况。在半波正弦数值模拟函数的作用下,坑壁监测点的数值计算结果与实际监测结果在误差允许范围内,故采用半波正弦函数对车辆动载进行数值模拟的方案是可行的,而且基坑是稳定的。     

基于有限差分方法的水中爆炸三维数值模拟

针对水中爆炸的三维数值模拟问题,采用基于有限差分的拉格朗日与欧拉相结合的方法,在矩形网格上离散差分基本方程组;在欧拉步中引入模糊方法处理界面,计算各输运量;编写了数值模拟程序,进行了炸药在水中爆炸的三维数值模拟.爆炸场中考虑了有刚性障碍物及有反射有限边界计算域.结果表明,模拟结果与实际情况基本吻合,特别是冲击波在水中传播的模拟效果较好,证明所采用的三维数值模拟方法是有效和可行的.     

超声速飞行底部排气弹三维湍流流场数值模拟

该文采用有限体积法数值离散雷诺时均Navier-Stokes方程,模拟了超声速飞行的圆柱体外部流场.其中两种湍流模式,即Spalart-Allmaras湍流模型和RNG k-ε湍流模型分别应用于该问题的求解.文中给出了数学模型和计算结果,并与实验数据进行了比较.结果表明:采用Spalart-Allmaras湍流模型能很好地描述高速运动体复杂的外部流场.利用上述模型对超声速飞行的底部排气弹三维流场进行数值研究,计算结果揭示了流场的物理现象和基本规律,以期对底部排气弹设计提供理论指导.     

圆柱绕流的三维数值模拟

利用计算流体力学软件CFX－4,对粘性不可压缩流体的圆柱绕流进行了三维数值模拟,采用有限体积法和SIMPLE计算程式,利用不可压缩Navier-Stokes方程,模拟雷诺数在亚临界区内的绕流流动,并计算了流体的水动力特性。为克服数值模拟高雷诺数时的数值不稳定性,计算中采用了QUICK迎风格式,其对流项为三阶精度,其余项如扩散项等为二阶精度,圆柱两端边界采用周期性边界条件。计算结果表明,高雷诺数时圆柱周围的流动具有明显的三维特性,且沿柱长方向不同断面的升力和阻力系数并不相同。同时,对圆柱绕流进行了二维数值模拟,并与三维数值结果进行比较,发现三维模拟的升力和阻力系数均小于二维模拟。     

铸件凝固三维温度场的计算机模拟

本文在论述采用隐式方法进行铸件凝固进程数值模拟的基础上,编制了铸件凝固温度场三维数值模拟计算程序。通过理论计算和实测结果的比较,得出三维数值模拟计算具有较好的精确度。三维模拟计算与二维模拟计算的结果相比较说明,开发三维凝固温度场解析程序是十分必要的。最后,本文提出了在前人基础上继续探索更实用数值方法的重要性。同时指出热应力场的数值模拟是今后研究的发展方向。     

基于数值模拟的无缝工程地质建模

工程地质分析中,数值模拟己经成为不可或缺的重要手段.三维地质建模是刻画地质与工程实际的有力工具.将该技术与数值模拟相结合,可以有效地提高计算结果的可靠性与建模效率.介绍了三维地质建模的基本方法和模型,阐述了基于数值模拟的类三棱柱法构模原理和工程地质建模的具体过程,并结合实际说明了三维地质建模在工程地质分析中的应用.     

用有限体积法计算叶轮机械内三维粘性流动

用数值计算方法研究离心叶轮内流场的三维粘性流动.在流场计算中,利用有限体积法对三维N-S方程组进行差分离散,并应用SIMPLER算法来求解.在流场计算的基础上,应用速度矢量图等后处理方法来显示和研究湍流的存在与发展.并将数值模拟的结果与实验数据进行对比和分析.两者相符表明了该数值模拟的有效性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-