大豆黄酮对衰老小鼠脑组织3种氧化酶水平的调节

观察大豆黄酮对D 半乳糖致衰老小鼠脑的抗衰老作用.连续背部注射D 半乳糖6 周,造衰老模型,然后灌胃大豆黄酮5周(实验组Ⅰ,Ⅱ的剂量分别为10,5 mg·kg-1·d-1),取脑测定脑组织中谷胱苷肽过氧化物酶(GSH Px)、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)、单胺氧化酶(MAO)的活性.结果显示:与衰老对照组相比,实验组Ⅰ,Ⅱ的NOS,GSH Px活性均有提高,而MAO含量降低.表明大豆黄酮能增强衰老小鼠脑的抗氧化作用,提高其学习记忆能力.     

益智仁水提取物对D-半乳糖诱导脑老化小鼠学习记忆的影响

以昆明种小鼠为实验动物,采用学习记忆行为训练和生化测定相结合的方法,探讨了益智仁水提取物对D-半乳糖诱导脑老化小鼠学习记忆能力的影响.结果表明:益智仁水提取物可显著改善脑老化小鼠的学习记忆能力,其作用机制可能与益智仁的抗氧化作用有关.     

肝源性磷脂对小鼠学习记忆及海马窖蛋白-1表达的影响

以昆明种小鼠为研究对象,利用跳台实验、旷场实验和免疫印迹杂交等方法研究了肝源性磷脂对于增强小鼠学习记忆和空间探索能力的影响.结果表明:与对照组相比,预先给予高剂量肝磷脂补充可以显著提高小鼠的学习记忆以及空间探索能力;Western Blot结果显示,与正常组相比高剂量肝磷脂补充组小鼠脑内海马区Caveolin-1和PKCα蛋白的表达量明显升高.结果提示,肝源性磷脂可以通过激活Caveolin-1蛋白和PKCα蛋白的表达增强小鼠的学习和记忆能力.     

淫羊藿黄酮对APP转基因小鼠学习记忆及β-amyloid生成的影响

观察不同月龄APP(amyloid precursor protein)转基因模型小鼠学习记忆功能的改变,以及中药有效部位淫羊藿黄酮对10月龄转基因小鼠学习记忆功能和脑内APP、BACE的表达及β-淀粉样肽(β-amyloid,Aβ)生成及含量的影响.用药组小鼠自4月龄开始灌胃给予淫羊藿黄酮小(0.03 g·kg-1/d)、大剂量(0.1 g·kg-1/d)6个月至10月龄,正常对照组、转基因阴性对照组及模型组以同样方式灌胃给予蒸馏水.应用Morris水迷宫和物体识别方法测试小鼠学习记忆能力,应用免疫组化学及Western Blot方法分别检测海马CA1区及皮层中APP、BACE的表达,采用双抗体夹心ELISA试剂盒测定海马中不溶性Aβ1-42含量.研究结果表明,APP转基因小鼠在4月龄即出现学习记忆能力障碍,在水迷宫实验中,比转基因阴性对照组小鼠潜伏期延长28%(p<0.05).增龄至10月龄,APP转基因小鼠学习记忆能力明显下降,水迷宫潜伏期及游泳距离与转基因阴性对照组的差异分别加大为40%(p<0.01)和35%(p<0.05),物体识别实验中分辨指数的差异为61%(p<0.05).与正常对照组及转基因阴性对照组相比,10月龄转基因模型小鼠海马CA1区及皮层中APP和BACE的表达明显增加,海马中Aβ1-42的含量明显升高.淫羊藿黄酮大剂量可明显改善10月龄APP转基因小鼠Morris水迷宫作业成绩,提高模型鼠物体识别能力,明显减少APP转基因模型小鼠海马和皮层APP及BACE的表达,降低海马Aβ1-42的含量.提示淫羊藿黄酮能改善APP转基因模型小鼠学习记忆能力和减少Aβ经由淀粉源途径生成及含量,对防治AD等神经退行性疾病具有良好的应用前景.     

大豆黄酮对衰老小鼠脑组织抗氧化能力的影响

用大豆黄酮(daidzein)灌喂脑老化模型小鼠．5周后分别测定各组小鼠脑组织的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和丙二醛(MDA)含量．结果显示：大豆黄酮能够使脑老化模型小鼠的SoD的活力和T-AOC显增加，LDH的活力和MDA的含量极显下降，其中T-AOC和MDA超过了生理盐水对照组，暗示大豆黄酮除了通过提高SOD的活性来增加机体抗氧化能力外，还存在通过其他的途径来提高机体的抗氧化能力，并且大豆黄酮在抗氧化水平上还有一定的剂量效应．     

远志皂苷和茯苓多糖对记忆障碍模型小鼠空间学习记忆能力改善作用及其机制研究

目的探讨远志皂苷和茯苓多糖(Polygala saponins and pachymaran,PSP)对记忆障碍模型小鼠空间学习记忆能力改善作用及作用机制.方法 Morris水迷宫法研究PSP对戊巴比妥钠制造的空间方向辨别障碍模型小鼠空间学习记忆能力改善作用,并测定脑组织单胺氧化酶(MAO)活性.结果 PSP能增加模型小鼠在定位航行实验中1 min内穿越安全平台次数,并缩短模型小鼠在定位航行实验中找到安全平台的逃避潜伏期;PSP能缩短模型小鼠在空间探索实验中第一次到达安全平台的时间,并增加穿越原平台的次数;PSP可以降低小鼠脑组织MAO活性.结论 PSP对模型小鼠空间学习记忆有明显的改善作用,其机制可能与降低脑组织中MAO活性有关.     

远志、茯苓煎剂对小鼠空间学习记忆障碍的影响

目的观察远志、茯苓煎剂(Polygala tenuifolia and Poria cocos decoction,DPP)对戊巴比妥钠所致空间方向辨别障碍模型小鼠行为学的影响,并探讨其可能的作用机制.方法应用Morris水迷宫观察DPP对戊巴比妥钠所致的空间方向辨别障碍模型小鼠的影响,并测定其血清乙酰胆碱酯酶的含量.结果 DPP能缩短模型小鼠在定位航行实验中找到平台的潜伏期;缩短在空间探索实验中第一次到达平台的时间,并增加穿越平台的次数;DPP还能有效降低模型小鼠血清中乙酰胆碱酯酶的含量.结论 DPP能改善戊巴比妥钠所致的小鼠空间方向辨别障碍,改善空间方向辨别障碍小鼠的学习记忆能力;DPP可降低小鼠脑内乙酰胆碱酯酶活性,提示其可能通过抑制胆碱酯酶提高脑内乙酰胆碱水平而发挥改善学习记忆的作用.     

大豆黄酮对衰老小鼠脑组织氧化损伤的调节

研究大豆黄酮对D–半乳糖致衰老小鼠脑组织氧化损伤程度的调节.连续背部注射D–半乳糖6周,造衰老模型,然后灌胃大豆黄酮5周(实验组Ⅰ、Ⅱ的剂量分别为5、10,mg/(kg.d)),监测小鼠Y–迷宫记忆、活性氧、丙二醛、脂褐质、8–羟基脱氧鸟嘌呤和不同脑区突触素含量变化,探讨大豆黄酮对衰老小鼠脑组织氧化损伤程度的影响.结果表明,灌胃衰老小鼠大豆黄酮后,Y–迷宫学习记忆能力和大脑皮质突触素含量显著提高,同时脑组织中活性氧、丙二醛、8–羟基脱氧鸟嘌呤和脂褐质含量明显下降.与衰老对照组相比,大脑皮质和海马中的活性氧和8–羟基脱氧鸟嘌呤、脑组织中丙二醛和脂褐质含量降低程度与灌胃剂量具有正相关性.表明大豆黄酮能够提高衰老小鼠学习能力,降低衰老小鼠脑组织氧化损伤程度,具有显著的抗衰老作用.     

饮食限制58d对小鼠学习记忆及抗氧化能力的影响

采用行为观察和生化检测方法,研究了饮食限制58 d对小鼠学习记忆的影响及其各组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量的变化.结果显示:限食小鼠在新环境中更显得不安,66.7%饮食限制组小鼠记忆能力最弱而空间识别能力最强4,0%饮食限制组小鼠学习能力最强;限食小鼠各器官的脏器系数相比自由饮食组都有所升高;各组小鼠所测器官的SOD活性没有明显的区别,但心、肾和脑中MDA含量随饮食限制水平的升高而增高.提示饮食限制对机体器官有一定的损伤作用,适当饮食限制能提高学习能力,但对抗氧化能力的影响不明显.     

印防己毒素对中年雌雄小鼠焦虑水平及学习记忆能力影响

印防己毒素(picrotoxin, PTX)常用于研究衰老相关疾病.为探讨PTX对中年雌雄小鼠焦虑水平及学习记忆能力的影响，以8～11月龄的C57BL/6小鼠为研究对象，实验分为雌雄PTX实验组、雌雄生理盐水对照组.实验前30 min注射PTX(0.18 mg/kg),之后采用旷场、Y迷宫、Morris水迷宫实验等范式检测小鼠焦虑水平及学习记忆能力.旷场实验显示PTX显著降低了雄性小鼠在中心区的停留时间，即增加了雄性小鼠的焦虑样行为；Y迷宫实验显示PTX增加了雌性小鼠在新异臂的探索时间和次数，即增加了雌性小鼠的空间识别记忆能力；Morris水迷宫实验显示PTX降低了雌性小鼠的逃逸潜伏期并增加了其在目标象限的探索次数，即增加了雌性小鼠的空间记忆能力.长期注射PTX后Y迷宫实验显示，PTX增强了雌雄小鼠在新异臂的探索距离，即增强了雌雄小鼠的空间识别记忆能力.这些结果表明PTX能够增强雌性小鼠的空间记忆能力，但会影响雄性小鼠的活动能力及引起焦虑，PTX长期注射能够改善雄性小鼠的空间记忆能力.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with