微型气浮轴承高速透平膨胀机的研制

为了发展微型气体轴承高速透平,在优化设计的基础上,研制了国内首台轴径为6 mm、叶轮直径为9 mm、设计转速为300 000 r/min的微型气体轴承透平膨胀机.对研制样机进行了全面介绍,阐述了该研制样机的结构设计特点,并对研制样机进行了初步的机械性能和热力性能考核.通过转子起浮试验,系统机械性能、热力性能的连续运转及超速试验考核,结果显示:所研制的样机振动小、运转平稳、效率高,最高转速超过342 000 r/min,满足超速15%的要求;在室温为23℃、无回热器的情况下,当进气压力从0升到0.27 MPa的45 min升速时间内,温降就达42℃,具有降温速度快,降温效果显著的特点.由于其机械及热力性能均达到预期要求,因此为今后进一步发展我国微型高速气体轴承透平机械奠定了坚实基础.     

高温气冷堆氦气透平压气机和主氦风机研究进展

具有固有安全特性的模块式高温气冷堆(high temperature gas-cooled reactor, HTGR)具有反应堆出口温度高的特点,可与闭式Brayton循环或Rankine循环耦合,实现高效率的发电。氦气透平压气机和主氦风机分别是与这2种循环耦合的高温气冷堆系统中的关键动力部件,该文针对氦气闭式Brayton循环,分别从稳态与动态特性2个方面揭示其内部循环机理;同时针对循环内核心部件氦气透平压气机,开展2.2 MW样机研制与120 MW商用氦气透平压气机设计。在主氦风机研制方面,顺利完成了10 MW高温气冷堆(HTR-10)主氦风机研制与高温气冷堆示范电站(HTR-PM)主氦风机研制,获得了主氦风机完整的性能数据。为进一步确保HTR-PM项目的顺利推进,搭建了主氦风机综合试验平台,同时测试了2种主氦风机(电磁轴承主氦风机和干气密封主氦风机)的性能。取得的研究成果体现了清华大学核能与新能源技术研究院在自主研发先进核能核心装备技术上取得了重大突破。     

平箔式箔片径向气体轴承的试验研究

对一种用于高速低温透平膨胀机的新型平箔式箔片径向气体轴承进行了试验研究,试验箔片径向轴承的直径为２５．０ｍｍ。试验结果表明,轴承的结构参数决定了轴承的性能;通过选取合适的轴承半径间隙和刚度,此种结构的箔片轴承上有较好的稳定性及启停性能。因此,该型轴承在小型高速低温透平膨胀机中具有广阔的应用前景。文中还就轴承结构参数对轴承－转子系统稳定性的影响进行了讨论。     

低温空气透平膨胀机的气体槽式动压轴承

本文描述了使用于低温空气透平膨胀机的径向及轴向气体槽式动压轴承。透平膨胀机的转子为横卧式,转速为10.7×10~4 r/min。在槽式动压轴承外使用了O形橡皮圈。与一般动压轴承相比,该轴承的间隙大,稳定性高。此外,为了避免轴承间隙内生成的热量传到透平冷端,采用了轴承内腔水冷却的结构。动压轴承低温空气透平膨胀机的运转试验及稳定性试验表明,该动压轴承的稳定性良好,可以使用于小型低温透平膨胀机上。     

低温透平制冷机的静压气体润滑轴承研究

对西安交通大学在研发低温装置的关键产冷机械——透平膨胀机的静压气体轴承时所取得的经验，进行了简要的回顾及总结．特别是对所研制的几种型式小孔供气静压气体轴承（双排径向、双排切向、多排切向等）进行了讨论，得出了小孔供气轴承间隙与失稳转速之间的关系以及最佳轴承间隙规律．研究发现：由普通的径向小孔供气轴承改为切向小孔供气轴承后，最佳轴承间隙增大75%，相应地失稳转速可提高30％．     

波箔箔片动压气体轴承的实验研究

为满足透平机械高速可靠运转的需求,设计了一种波箔型箔片轴承,其基本结构由柔性平箔和支承平箔的弹性波箔组成。在气体轴承-高速低温透平膨胀机实验台上对波箔箔片动压气体轴承进行了实验,实验中采用压缩空气驱动透平转子,以功率75kW的阿特拉斯螺杆压缩机作为供气源,从而获得了0.1~1.15MPa、标准工况下最高流量为600m3/h的压缩空气。将波箔厚度为0.05mm及0.07mm的2种箔片动压气体径向轴承,应用于主轴Φ25mm的标准工况下150m3/h制氧机用高速透平膨胀机,研究了箔片支承高速透平转子的振动特性及稳定性。实验结果表明:波箔弹性元件的刚度是轴承性能的重要影响因素之一,0.05mm波箔刚度小,柔性变形裕度较大,可以抑制转子不稳定涡动,透平膨胀机转子最高转速达93 366r/min;0.07mm波箔刚度较大,柔性变形裕度相对较小,当最高转速达到93 161r/min时转子出现涡动。2种波箔厚度的轴承最高转速达到9.3万r/min时转子的最大振幅均小于20μm,波箔轴承表现出了良好的刚度和阻尼特性,可有效抑制Φ25mm的高速透平膨胀机转子的涡动。     

高速透平膨胀机临界转速的计算与分析

为了保障高速透平膨胀机的稳定性,针对高速透平膨胀机转子临界转速的确定问题,分别讨论了Prohl递推法、Riccati传递矩阵法和有限元QZ(FEQZ)法在各向异性的弹性支承轴承转子系统阻尼临界转速计算中的优缺点.考虑到透平膨胀机实际的结构和应用情况,建议气体轴承支承高速透平膨胀机转子临界转速的计算方法采用FEQZ法,同时运用Matlab语言分模块设计了计算程序,大大简化了编程过程,提高了计算精度.在此基础上,通过在实际工况参数范围内的实例,分析了某透平膨胀机转子支承刚度和阻尼对转子系统阻尼临界转速的影响,并与工程实验数据进行了对照,从而验证了模型与分析计算的可靠性.     

低温透平膨胀机切向供气轴承的研究

本文叙述了150Nm~3/h制氧机中压低温透平膨胀机的切向小孔供气轴承的初步分析及试验结果.根据切向供气轴承径向间隙中的气体流动模型,以轴承耗气量计算了轴承径向间隙中的气体周向流动速度.试验研究了径向间隙、供气方向、供气压力等因素对失稳转迷(自激涡动起始速度)的影响.得出了切向供气轴承的最佳径向间隙,其数值要大于研制样机径向供气轴承的最佳径向间隙.使用切向供气轴承时,需注意供气方向必须与转子旋转方向相反,否则,轴承运转稳定性将显着降低.在小型高速低温透平膨胀机中,将径向供气轴承改为切向供气轴承是提高失稳转速简易可行的措施.     

全动压气体轴承透平膨胀机机械性能的试验研究

在一台额定转速为10 64×104 r/min的高速透平膨胀机(轴径为25 00 mm,转子质量为891 g)上,采用新型弹性支承箔片动压径向轴承和螺旋槽动压止推轴承对全动压气体轴承透平膨胀机的机械性能进行了试验研究,达到了转速为12 16×104 r/min、超速14%稳定运转的良好效果.还对全动压气体轴承副的性能进行了研究,验证了全动压气体轴承高速透平转子失稳的主要因素是动压止推轴承承载力丧失而造成的止推轴承失稳,并对止推间隙的影响因素和变化规律进行了探讨.试验结果表明,在高速透平机械中采用国产全动压气体轴承是完全可行的.     

微型氦透平膨胀机系统性数值模拟

现今氦透平膨胀机的设计,仅有面向各部件的设计方法及步骤,没有完整精准的设计流程,未形成设计体系。为保证环控系统中微型氦透平膨胀机运行的安全性、可靠性及高效性,提出一套基于CAD/CAE/CFD的智能化设计流程,通过一维热力计算、二维气动设计、三维气动分析和强度校核、三维造型和转子动力学分析对微型氦透平膨胀机进行数字化仿真设计,并对设计过程进行系统性数值模拟。确保设计方案可达到氦制冷系统的设计要求,同时为设计微型氦透平膨胀机提供设计制造集成技术。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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