甲醇在铂微粒修饰的玻碳电极上的电催化氧化

利用循环伏安法等电化学方法研究了甲醇在铂微粒修饰的玻碳电极上的电催化氧化，结果表明，铂微粒修饰玻碳电极(GC—Pt)对甲醇电化学氧化呈现较高的催化活性，活化后的玻碳电极再修饰铂微粒表现更高的催化活性，其催化活性的大小与铂载量有关，同时测定了甲醇电催化氧化反应的动力学参数。     

甲酸在表面合金电催化剂上氧化的原位FTIR反射光谱研究

运用原位红外反射光谱(FTIRS)和电化学循环伏安法(CV)研究了甲酸在三种不同电极上的电催化特性．结果表明甲酸在碳栽铂电极(Pt／GC)上的电催化氧化机理与本体铂电极(I^3t)相类似，即可以通过活性中问体或毒性中间体氧化至CO2.Pt／GC对甲酸的氧化比Pt具有更高的电催化活性．Pt／GC表面以Sb吸附原子修饰的电极(Sb—Pt／GC)上，甲酸氧化的起始电位(Ei)提前至-0．10V，氧化电流峰电位(Ep)提前至0．34V，氧化峰电流(jp)值增加了7.28倍，半峰宽(FWHM)为0．30V同样，Surface alloy／GC电极上，E1为-0．12V、Ep为0．32V和jp为7．25mA／cm^2，相对Pt／GC分别负移了0.22V、0．02V和增大了8．15倍，半峰宽(FWHM)为0．5V．表明Sb—Pt／GC和Surface alloy／GC电极不仅能够有效地抑制毒性中间体CO的生成，而且还可以显著地提高其对活性中间体的氧化的电催化活性．     

铂微粒修饰纳米二氧化钛电极对甲醇催化氧化的研究

在纳米二氧化钛膜上修饰铂微粒制得钛基纳米TiO2-Pt(Ti／nano-TiO2-Pt)复合催化电极．用循环伏安法和计时电位法研究了甲醇在Ti／nano-TiO2-Pt电极上电催化氧化．结果表明Ti／nano-TiO2-Pt电极对甲醇氧化具有高催化活性和稳定性．这是由于铂在纳米二氧化钛膜上有较好的分散性．铂微粒与纳米二氧化钛的协同作用．使电极不易中毒．     

Pt-羧基化CNTs／GC复合修饰电极的制备及对甲醇电催化氧化性能

运用循环伏安法制备Pt-羧基化CNTs／GC复合电极，研究了该电极对CH3OH的电催化氧化行为．结果表明，制得的复合电极对甲醇的氧化呈现了较高的电催化活性．Pt在羧基化碳纳米管上的高度分散和Pt与含氧基团的相互作用，是Pt-羧基化CNTs／GC复合电极对甲醇催化活性较高的原因．     

染料敏化太阳能电池用于I／I3^-还原的纳米铂催化剂

用扫描电子显微镜和交流阻抗技术对热分解法制备的纳米铂催化电极的形貌及催化活性进行了分析，得到了高清晰的电镜照片．制备条件不同，铂催化剂的形貌及其催化活性不同．当热分解温度为390℃，载铂量为6μg／cm^2时，制备的铂催化剂在电极表面呈粒径为8nm左右的纳米粒子状态，电极的催化活性最高，而且表现出较好的化学稳定性．     

掺铂微粒的聚2，5－二甲氧基苯胺膜电极对甲醛氧化的电催化作用

以电位扫描法将铂微粒沉积在聚２，５┐二甲氧基苯胺薄膜电极上制得铂微粒掺杂的聚２，５┐二甲氧基苯胺电极．该电极集催化活性和电活性于一体，在甲醛浓度为１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的硫酸溶液里的电化学氧化显示了较高的催化活性．铂微粒的大小、分布和载量，甲醛的浓度，电氧化温度等因素对电催化作用均有影响     

甲醛在聚苯胺修饰分散铂电极上的电催化氧化

用循环伏安法和恒电位法在铂电极上分别制备了分散铂电极、聚苯胺修饰电极及聚苯胺修饰分散铂电极，并用循环伏安法研究了制备电极在0．5mol／L H2SO4溶液中的电化学行为以及对甲醛氧化的催化行为，分散铂电极对甲醛氧化的最大电流是6．48mA，是基体电极(0．075mA)的86．4倍，聚苯胺修饰分散铂电极对甲醛氧化的最大电流(15．12mA)是基体电极的201．6倍，分散铂电极的2．3倍，分散铂对甲醛氧化的催化作用不仅仅是铂面积增大的结果，还存在纳米效应，聚苯胺修饰铂电极对甲醛氧化的催化除存在铂进一步分散使面积进一步增大的因素外，还存在铂与聚苯胺的协同作用。     

掺铂微粒的聚2,5—二甲氧基苯胺膜电极对甲醛氧化的电催化作用

以电位扫描法将铂微粒沉积在聚２，５－二甲氧基苯胺薄膜电极上制得铂微粒掺杂的聚２，５－二甲氧基苯胺电极。该电极集催化活性和电活性于一体，在甲醛浓度为１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的硫酸溶液里的电化学氧化显示了较高的催化活性。铂微粒的大小、分布和载量，甲醛的浓度，电氧化温度等因素对电催化作用均有影响。     

纳米薄层Pt—Ru表面合金电极对一氧化碳的电催化氧化

本文通过循环伏安法在玻炭基底上沉积得到纳米薄层Pt－Ru表面合金电极（nm-Pt-Ru／GC）和Pt电极（nm－Pt／GC）．并测定这二种电极对一氧化碳的电催化氧化．结果表明：nm－Pt－Ru／GC电极对一氧化碳的电氧化比nm－Pt／GC电极具有更高的电催化活性．     

海水中一氧化氮的极谱法测定

本文首次采用Nation和Co(salen)／Nafion修饰铂电极测定海水中的NO，对实验条件进行了选择，确定了最佳实验条件，即反应池通氮除氧30min，富集时间为4min。同时用线性扫描法对海水中的NO进行测定，测得海水中NO的浓度与氧化峰电流之间有一定线性关系。对Nation修饰电极而言，线性范围1～76．9μmol／L，R^2=0．9916，检出限为1μmol／L。同时对2种方法修饰的铂电极进行了比较，即当NO浓度在10^-6mol／L数量级时2种电极基本上无差别，而在10^-7mol／L数量级时Co(salen)／Nalion修饰电极要明显优于Nation修饰电极。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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