考虑投资成本分摊的OEM和CM外包博弈分析

分析了由一个原始设备制造商(OEM)与一个合约制造商(CM)构成的供应链系统,建立了引入投资成本分摊的外包博弈模型,讨论了集中决策和分散决策两种情况下OEM和CM的最优外包策略。在分散决策情况下建立了三阶段博弈模型,研究表明OEM的利润与投资成本分摊比例负相关,CM的利润为分摊比例的严格凹函数,并且存在最优分摊比例使得OEM和CM的总利润最大化。在供应链的实际运作中,OEM和CM可以通过协商分摊比例以协调双方各自利润,实现供应链总利润的最大化。通过分析得出分散决策时OEM和CM的总利润小于集中决策时的总利润,进一步论证了博弈的合作均衡相对于非合作博弈均衡具有帕累托优势。     

移动补贴市场运营商定价策略与收益分配

虚拟网络运营商(ISP)的出现改变了移动互联网市场中运营商之间的连接和经济关系。该文建立博弈模型,分别在合作情况下和非合作情况下,使用博弈理论分析了移动补贴市场中流量分配、运营商之间的定价关系及收益的变化,提出了一种在运营商之间分配收益的机制,并通过Nash讨价还价解的方法对收益分配因子进行了优化和求解。结果表明:运营商之间的定价随补贴的增加而升高,该文所提出的收益分配机制能促使运营商自发将其优化目标调整为社会福利最大化。     

不同博弈框架下的双渠道供应链联盟模式选择

文章构建了1个供应商和2个零售商组成的供应链博弈模型,在非合作博弈框架下对比分析了不同联盟模式下供应商、零售商和供应链整体的利润变化情况,同时探讨了基于合作博弈下的Shapley值法设计出合理的利润分配机制,实现整体联盟模式合作稳定的可能性。结果表明:在非合作博弈框架下,供应商和零售商各自偏好于不同的联盟模式,供应链整体利润不能实现最大化;在合作博弈框架下,当价格敏感系数与零售商间敏感系数的比值满足一定条件时,基于Shapley值法设计的利润分配机制是保障自愿合作、实现供应链整体利润最大化的有效途径。     

基于Hotelling模型的两厂商选址定价完全序贯决策

针对现代市场中广泛存在厂商先后进入的情况,基于Hotelling模型构建了线性市场上二次运输成本下两厂商水平竞争的完全序贯决策模型,其中先进入市场的厂商先选址再定价,随后跟随者先选址再定价。两厂商的博弈分析表明:跟随者具有后发优势,将获得更大的利润;先进入者将定位在市场端点,并采取低价策略;跟随者将定位在市场中心,并采取高价策略。进一步对所建的完全序贯决策模型、两厂商先后同时选址与定价的博弈模型、两厂商先同时选址再同时定价的博弈模型、两厂商先同时选址再先后定价的博弈模型进行了对比分析,研究结果表明:完全序贯决策与两厂商先后同时选址与定价的决策一致,且定价和厂商利润均较低;4种博弈顺序下两厂商水平竞争均衡都难以实现社会福利最大,需要政府"有形的手"发挥作用。     

生产商、批发商和销售商信息合作行为的演化博弈

针对低碳农产品供应链信息共享机制不完全与合作商之间存在博弈的现象,提出生产商、批发商和销售商信息合作演化路径,为了探究供应商信息合作的因素和利益关系,构建 3 种信息合作演化博弈模 型;首先,求解出生产商与批发商合作模型和批发商与销售商合作模型以及 3 方信息合作模型下的演化博弈 均衡解,通过对模型稳定性的分析,得到在供应链成员行为决策和期望利润驱使下系统整体随时间变化的动 态趋势;然后,将不同信息合作下的决策行为进行仿真分析,并对比3种模型,探索得出均衡策略和影响因素 的作用原理;最后研究结论表明:选择合作收益大于非合作情况下的收益,并且演化博弈系统最终趋向于合 作博弈策略,使总体和个体达到收益最大化。     

基于"模仿行为"策略的双寡头博弈模型分析

目前,针对影响边际利润最大化的因素来构建寡头博弈模型的研究较少,而在现实情况下,有的厂商会通过了解博弈的历史信息来模仿他人的行为进行决策的调整。基于"模仿行为"建立了2个大小寡头厂商的动态博弈模型,分析了模型均衡解的稳定性、分岔图以及最大李雅普诺夫指数。研究结果表明:1)小厂商的"模仿行为"增强了其自身系统的稳定性,降低了对大厂商调节速度或幅度的敏感程度;2)小厂商的模仿行为也增强了大厂商稳定性;3)厂商间的竞争促进了2个厂商的良性发展;4)随着厂商调整系数的不断增大,系统经过一系列分岔最终进入混沌运动状态,导致市场失去稳定。根据分析得到的结论,提出了3点建议,从而为企业的科学决策提供了一些可供参考的理论依据。     

基于动态博弈模型的有机农产品动态定价及其稳定性

基于消费者对传统农产品和有机农产品不同的偏好,主要分析了在静态博弈和动态博弈2种情形下,有机农产品和传统农产品的定价博弈行为。从静态博弈的角度,阐述了厂商可以获得的利润与农产品单位成本之间的关系。传统农产品的成本提高会使得其利润提升,而有机农产品成本的降低会带来利润的提高。其次,运用复杂系统理论,对有机农产品和传统农产品的动态博弈行为进行分析,并得到动态博弈系统保持稳定的临界条件,使得农产品厂商可以在保持系统稳定的前提下,以最快的决策变量调整速度,达到博弈的均衡状态。研究结果为有机农产品定价过程提供了理论建议,有利于农产品厂商收益最大化,并推动我国有机农产品市场的稳定和可持续发展。     

具有退货政策的制造-零售供应链最优策略

研究实行退货政策的制造-零售供应链系统的协调问题.对于单一制造商与单一零售商,首先建立起一个市场需求量为零售价格线性减函数的基于Stackelberg博弈框架的可退货供应链博弈模型,并对其进行了合作与非合作博弈的最优决策分析.基于带有退货政策的报童模型,建立起市场需求量受随机干扰的可退货的供应链博弈模型,并研究其系统协调问题,给出了制造商和零售商在非合作博弈时各自达到最优利润的最优决策和在合作博弈时系统利润达到最优的最优决策.最后,分析采取退货政策的条件,给出了它的有效域.     

寡头垄断市场下的广告竞争策略研究

在寡头垄断市场条件下 ,给出了广告竞争下进行同时决策及两阶段决策时的广告策略模型 ,得出了厂商利润最大化时的广告策略 ,通过对结果的分析 ,说明了在不同情况下广告策略的选择 ,并在此基础上 ,分析了利润最大化时的市场份额的确定。     

二级供应链不同博弈研究

研究了由一个制造商和一个分销商构成的二级供应链上厂商在两种讨价还价模型，即：委托-代理博弈模型和合作博弈模型下的收益.通过比较得出结论：合作是对非合作的Pareto改进，同时消费者也会从中获益.在合作博弈模型中，比较了各种解法，并对K-S解法进行了改进，提出了按参与人的贡献量分配收益的方法，得到的博弈均衡解更加合理.对供应链上厂商之间的合作有较强的指导意义.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with