基于超级电容器的TiN@CNTF电极制备及性能研究

超级电容器因其独特的性能在便携式、可穿戴电子器件领域有着很大的应用潜力。目前对超级电容器的研究主要集中在对超级电容器电极材料的研究上。碳纳米管纤维具有电导率高、力学性能好、柔韧性高等优点,是超级电容器的理想电极材料。但是,碳纳米管纤维电容量的提升被其较小的比表面积所限制。通过在碳纳米管纤维表面生长三维阵列能够有效提高碳管纤维的比表面积,从而增大电容量。因此,采用水热法,在碳纳米管纤维表面成功生长TiO2纳米阵列,并通过氨气氮化获得了TiN@CNTF电极材料。采用三电极测试TiN@CNTF电极在Na2SO4溶液中的比电容达到215.5mF/cm2,有望作为一种柔性超级电容器的负极材料得到应用。     

聚合物共混法制备超级电容器用多孔炭材料

以酚醛树脂为前驱体,以聚乙二醇为致孔剂,采用聚合物共混法制备超级电容器用中孔炭电极材料. 采用N2吸附法测试了炭材料的比表面积和孔结构参数. 采用恒流充放电、循环伏安、交流阻抗等评价了其在1mol·L-1Et4NBF4/PC有机电解液中的电化学双电层电容性能. 结果表明,酚醛树脂和聚乙二醇等比例共混炭化制备的多孔炭的比表面积为618m2·g-1,中孔率为59.7%,比电容为32F·g-1,大电流性能和循环性能良好.     

壳聚糖水解技术对超级电容器电极材料性能的影响

壳聚糖是一类具备天然氮元素的海洋生物质,可作为制备超级电容器的前驱体,但溶解性质限制了其反应均匀性。本研究以壳聚糖为原料,利用自主研发的水解法制备壳寡糖均相溶液,作为前驱体制备超级电容器电极材料。实验采用了三电极体系对该电极材料多性能进行表征,包括循环性能、阻抗、元素分析、SEM、TEM、XRD等,探讨了水解工艺对电极材料综合性能的影响,并且与出发原料壳聚糖进行对比。结果表明：壳寡糖电极材料性能有了明显的提升,在电流密度为0.5 A g-1时比电容高达227.5 F g-1,具有优秀的循环稳定性,1000圈循环后比电容仍未有明显下降,且电极的膜阻抗和电荷转移电阻较小,说明该工艺制备的壳寡糖具有很好的超级电容器方面应用前景。     

用于高性能超级电容器的基于蚕沙的二氧化锰/碳纳米复合材料

MnO₂/biomass carbon nanocomposite was synthesized by a facile hydrothermal reaction. Silkworm excrement acted as a carbon precursor, which was activated by ZnCl₂ and FeCl₃ combining chemical agents under Ar atmosphere. Thin and flower-like MnO₂ nanowires were in-situ anchored on the surface of the biomass carbon. The biomass carbon not only offered high conductivity and good structural stability but also relieved the large volume expansion during the charge/discharge process. The obtained MnO₂/biomass carbon nanocomposite electrode exhibited a high specific capacitance (238 F·g?1 at 0.5 A·g?1) and a superior cycling stability with only 7% degradation after 2000 cycles. The observed good electrochemical performance is accredited to the materials’ high specific surface area, multilevel hierarchical structure, and good conductivity. This study proposes a promising method that utilizes biological waste and broadens MnO₂-based electrode material application for next-generation energy storage and conversion devices.     

强耦合非晶态Sb2S3球与碳纳米管中的钠离子和锂离子存储

A facile one-step strategy involving the reaction of antimony chloride with thioacetamide at room temperature is successfully developed for the synthesis of strongly coupled amorphous Sb₂S₃ spheres and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Benefiting from the unique amorphous structure and its strongly coupled effect with the conductive network of CNTs, this hybrid electrode (Sb₂S₃@CNTs) exhibits remarkable sodium and lithium storage properties with high capacity, good cyclability, and prominent rate capability. For sodium storage, a high capacity of 814 mAh·g?1 at 50 mA·g?1 is delivered by the electrode, and a capacity of 732 mAh·g?1 can still be obtained after 110 cycles. Even up to 2000 mA·g?1, a specific capacity of 584 mAh·g?1 can be achieved. For lithium storage, the electrode exhibits high capacities of 1136 and 704 mAh·g?1 at 100 and 2000 mA·g?1, respectively. Moreover, the cell holds a capacity of 1104 mAh·g?1 under 100 mA·g?1 over 110 cycles. Simple preparation and remarkable electrochemical properties make the Sb₂S₃@CNTs electrode a promising anode for both sodium-ion (SIBs) and lithium-ion batteries (LIBs).     

无定型MnO2的合成及电化学性能研究

以KMnO4、MnCl2和KOH为原料利用液相化学共沉淀法制备了MnO2电极材料,通过X-射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、比表面积分析、热重分析、循环伏安法和恒流充放电等测试手段对所合成材料的物理性质和电化学性能进行了表征.研究结果表明:该材料为无定型结构α-MnO2,比表面积高达90 m2·g-1,在0.5 mol·L-1 Li2SO4电解液中的电势窗口为0～0.8 V（vs.SCE）,在扫描速率为1 mV·s-1时的比电容高达110.2 F·g-1,漏电流为0.117 mA,经500次充放电后仍有良好的循环稳定性.     

Carbon nanotube and conducting polymer composites for supercapacitors

Composites of carbon nanotubes and conducting polymers can be prepared via chemical synthesis, electrochemical deposition on preformed carbon nanotube electrodes, or by electrochemical co-deposition. The composites combine the large pseudocapacitance of the conducting polymers with the fast charging/discharging double-layer capacitance and excellent mechanical properties of the carbon nanotubes. The electrochemically co-deposited composites are the most homogeneous and show an unusual interaction between the polymer and nanotubes, giving rise to a strengthened electron delocalisation and conjugation along the polymer chains. As a result they exhibit excellent electrochemical charge storage properties and fast charge/discharge switching, making them promising electrode materials for high Dower suDercapacitors.     

复合导电剂在超细炭微球超级电容器中的应用研究

导电剂能否在电极材料中形成良好的导电网络是影响超级电容器性能的关键因素之一. 以改进St?ber法合成了高比表面积且具有多级孔结构的超细空心炭微球,以其为电极材料,对比研究了碳纳米管/炭黑复合导电剂与单一导电剂对基于超细空心炭微球超级电容器性能的影响. 研究发现,在0.2 A/g的电流密度下,采用复合导电剂时其比电容为205.7 F/g,远高于单一导电剂时的比电容. 尤其在100 A/g的大电流密度下,采用复合导电剂时的比电容高达104.0 F/g,相比炭黑导电剂提高了275%. 分析表明,纤维状的碳纳米管和炭黑可在本身易团聚的超细空心炭微球中形成点-线协同作用的导电网络,这是提升超级电容器性能的主要原因.      

Optimizing the fabrication of carbon nanotube electrode for effective capacitive deionization via electrophoretic deposition strategy

In order to obtain superior electrode performances in capacitive deionization(CDI), the electrophoretic deposition(EPD) was introduced as a novel strategy for the fabrication of carbon nanotube(CNT) electrode.Preparation parameters, including the concentration of slurry components, deposition time and electric field intensity, were mainly investigated and optimized in terms of electrochemical characteristic and desalination performance of the deposited CNT electrode. The SEM image shows that the CNT material was deposited homogeneously on the current collector and a non-crack surface of the electrode was obtained. An optimal preparation condition of the deposited CNT electrode was obtained and specified as the Al(NO3)3 M concentration of 1.3 × 10~(-2) mol/L, the deposition time of 30 min and the electric field intensity of 15 V/cm. The obtained electrode performs an increasing specific mass capacitance of 33.36 F/g and specific adsorption capacity of 23.93 mg/g, which are 1.62 and 1.85 times those of the coated electrode respectively. The good performance of the deposited CNT electrode indicates the promising application of the EPD methodology in subsequent research and fabrication of the CDI electrodes for CDI process.     

MnO2/碳纳米球电化学超级电容器电极材料的制备与性能研究

利用水热法合成了纳米棒状的MnO_2/碳纳米球(CNPs)作为电化学超级电容器的电极材料.利用场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、X射线衍射光谱分析(XRD)对样品的微观形貌、物相进行分析;利用循环伏安法和恒电流充放电测试材料的电化学性能.结果表明:纳米棒状MnO_2/CNPs复合材料具有良好的电化学性能.在0.1 A/g的电流密度,1 mol/L Na_2SO_4电解液中,电极材料的比电容高达305.6 F/g,远高于纯碳球的比电容(49.3 F/g),当电流密度增至5 A/g时,材料的比电容为235 F/g,比电容仍能保持76.9%.     

Preparation and electrochemical performance of double perovskite La<Subscript>2</Subscript>CoMnO<Subscript>6</Subscript> nanofibers

Through electrospinning, La₂CoMnO₆ nanofibers were prepared from a polyvinylpyrrolidone/lanthanum nitrate–cobalt acetate–manganese acetate (PVP/LCM) precursor and were used as electrode materials. The morphologies and structures of the samples were characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) specific surface area analysis. The results show that the prepared La₂CoMnO₆ nanofibers are stable, one-dimensional structures formed from interconnected La₂CoMnO₆ nanoparticles with a diamond-like crystal structure. The specific surface area of the fibers is 79.407 m2·g-1. Electrochemical performance tests with a three-electrode system reveal the specific capacitance of the La₂CoMnO₆ nanofibers as 109.7 F·g-1 at a current density of 0.5 A·g-1. After 1000 charge-discharge cycles at a current density of 1 A·g-1, the specific capacitance maintains 90.9% of its initial value, demonstrating a promising performance of the constraint capacitance and good cyclic stability.     

黄铁矿型FeS2纳米微球的制备及其超级电容性能研究

采用简单的溶剂热法,一步合成黄铁矿型FeS2纳米微球,并研究其作为超级电容器电极材料的电化学性能.用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和氮气吸脱附法表征材料的结构和形貌,通过循环伏安(CV)、恒电流充放电(GCD)和电化学交流阻抗(EIS)测试材料在3种常见电解液(6 M KOH,6 M NaOH和1 M Na2...     

Mn_2O_3/CRF复合材料的制备及其在超级电容器中的应用

通过采用沉淀法在碳气凝胶表面负载金属氧化物三氧化二锰,制备得到Mn_2O_3/CRF复合材料。采用X射线衍射及电镜扫描等技术对所制备的复合材料进行结构形貌表征。实验结果发现碳气凝胶具有多重片层结构且孔隙发达。通过调节锰盐的含量考察三氧化二锰负载量对复合材料电化学性能的影响作用。采用循环伏安法及充放电测试对材料的电化学性能进行测试,结果表明Mn_2O_3/CRF复合材料具有良好的电容性及较好的可逆性。当Mn_2O_3含量达15%时复合材料的比电容最大,可达118.5 F/g。通过充放电测试1000次后发现该电极的比电容依然能够保持在一稳定值上,具有较好的稳定性。     

纳米MnO2超级电容器的研究综述

介绍了纳米MnO2用作超级电容器电极材料的优势,从MnO2的制备、导电剂、电解质溶液和向MnO2晶格中掺入其他元素四个方面综述了目前纳米MnO2超级电容器的研究现状,并对未来的研究进行了展望。纳米MnO2电容器兼具双电层电容和氧化还原电容两种电荷储存机制,是一种很有前途的超级电容器电极替代材料。     

Tert-butylhydroquinone-decorated graphene nanosheets and their enhanced capacitive behaviors

In the present work,tert-butylhydroquinone(TBHQ) was used to decorate graphene nanosheets to obtain a novel and environmentally friendly electrode material for supercapacitors.The fast redox reactions between hydroquinone and quinone generate pseudocapacitance.Graphene layers which have adsorbed TBHQ interact with each other to construct a three-dimensional network.Through this network,electrolyte ions can easily access the surface of graphene to generate electric double-layer capacitance.Electrochemical measurements have shown that using TBHQ as a redox modifier of graphene can obtain a maximum value of 302 F g-1 and provide a 51% enhancement in specific capacitance.Furthermore,excellent rate capability and cycling ability are achieved using the TBHQ-decorated graphene nanosheet electrode.     

Advanced materials for aqueous supercapacitors in the asymmetric design

Supercapacitors have been recognized as one of the promising energy storage devices in the future energy technology. In this perspective, rapid progress is made in the development of fundamental and applied aspects of supercapacitors. Various techniques have been developed specifically to estimate the specific capacitance. Numerous efforts have been made in the literature to increase the specific capacitance of electrode materials. Recently, researchers pay more attention on designing supercapacitors of asymmetric type with extending cell voltage and dissimilar materials with complementary working potentials. Researchers try to increase the specific energy of asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs). Conversely, it is still a challenge to find a suitable operation conditions for ASCs in various designs, especially for the one with battery type electrode. In this review, we describe our recent research works and other reports on the preparation of various nanostructured electrode materials and the performances of both symmetric and asymmetric supercapacitors. Finally, we demonstrate effects of charge balance on the capacitive performances of ASCs which consist of one electrode material of the battery type and one capacitive material. We also demonstrate how to evaluate the charge capacities of both positive and negative electrode materials for this ASC application.     

无粘结剂V2O5纳米线/CNT电极的制备及电化学性能

把羧化的碳纳米管与水热法合成的V2O5纳米线混合超声处理后,直接真空抽滤得到无粘结剂V2O5纳米线/CNT纸.对加入不同含量的碳纳米管的样品,综合考虑比容量和循环性能,其中m（V2O5）∶m（CNT）=1∶1样品的电化学性能最好.当电流密度为30 mA·g-1时,首次放电比容量能达到290.6 mAh·g-1,接近于V2O5的理论比容量,10次循环以后为265.4mAh·g-1,容量保持率为91.32％.当电流密度为600 mA·g-1,首次放电比容量71.2 mAh·g-1,第10次循环为62.5 mA·g-1,容量保持率可达87.8％.     

沸石咪唑骨架衍生空心纳米电极材料可控制备及其电化学性能研究

超级电容器是介于可充电电池和传统电容器之间的一种新型储能器件。它具有高功率密度、快速充放电和环境友好等优点。在众多应用于超级电容器的电极材料中,金属有机骨架材料因具有大的比表面积,可灵活调控的组成和结构,是十分理想的电极材料之一,又由于其易于合成、独特的结构和反应特性,也是制备纳米结构电极材料的理想模板之一。以沸石咪唑骨架（zeolitic lmidazolate framework,ZIF）-67为前驱体,采用二水合钼酸钠盐溶液刻蚀的方法成功制备了空心CoMo 层状双金属氢氧化物（layered double hydroxides, LDH）纳米笼结构,同时还讨论了钼酸钠的用量对最终产物形貌和性能的影响。当用作超级电容器电极材料时,所制备的空心Co₁Mo₅ LDH在1 A/g的时候最多可提供578 F/g的比电容,当电流密度增加到10 A/g时,比电容保持在346 F/g。与活性炭组装成非对称超级电容器后,该储能器件在功率密度750 W/kg时,能量密度最大可达到21.25 W·h/kg。在5 A/g的电流密度下,经过15 000次充放电循环后,仍保持了90%的初始容量。     

应用于超级电容器的碳纳米管电极的几个特点

为拓展碳纳米管的实际应用 ,对碳纳米管应用于超级电容器的电极材料的特点作了深入分析。碳纳米管电极具有独特的孔隙结构和高比表面积利用率 ;碳纳米管表面可以形成丰富的官能团 ,具有较好的吸附特性。此外 ,作者提出了采用酸处理或球磨工艺打断碳纳米管、提高其内腔利用率的方法。可以预料 ,碳纳米管在这一领域将得到广泛应用     

Sodium-ion capacitors with superior energy-power performance by using carbon-based materials in both electrodes

Na-ion capacitors(NICs) are promising energy storage devices in virtue of their merits in combining the high energy densities of secondary batteries and the high power densities of supercapacitors.However,it is still very challenging to achieve a balanced energy-power performance in NIC device due to the kinetic imbalance between the battery-type anode and the capacitive-type cathode.In this work,an NIC device based on carbon materials for both anode and cathode has been reported.As-prepared(polyimide/graphene oxide)-derived carbon(PIGC) anode material shows excellent rate capability,which can deliver a specific capacity of 110 mAh g~(-1) at high current densities of 5 A g~(-1).In addition,the N,B co-doped expanded reduced graphite oxide(NBEG)cathode demonstrates a high specific capacitance of 328 F g~(-1).Due to the improved rate capability of PIGC anode and specific capacitance of NBEG cathode,the imbalance on the energy and power densities between anode and cathode is well addressed.As-assembled PIGC//NBEG device can deliver an energy density of 55 W h kg~(-1) even at a high power density of 9500 W kg~(-1).The energy-power properties of PIGC//NBEG are superior to many state-of-the-art NIC devices that using carbon or non-carbon based electrodes.This work offers not only a promising device configuration with superior energy-power properties,but also a guidance for the design strategies on electrode materials for high-throughput energy storage systems.