甘草黄酮的提取及影响活性因素研究

研究了我国3种主要甘草品种的总黄酮提取方法，采用HPTLC法定性检测和分光光度法测定含量，并应用对DPPH清除率研究影响其活性的几个因素．结果表明：在总黄酮的含量方面，光果甘草〉乌拉尔甘草〉胀果甘草；甘草品种、应用微波处理和甘草放置时间等因素对活性都有着较大影响，而提取温度对活性几乎不产生影响．     

甘草叶总黄酮提取工艺

为建立一种高效提取甘草叶中总黄酮的方法,对比研究了闪式提取、索氏抽提、搅拌提取、超声波提取4种方法对胀果甘草叶总黄酮的提取效果,并利用正交实验对总黄酮的闪式提取工艺进行了优化。结果表明：闪式提取法所用提取时间短,提取溶剂用量少,各因素对总黄酮提取效果的影响程度依次为固液比〉乙醇浓度〉提取时间,最佳提取工艺为固液比1：40,乙醇浓度70％,提取时间6min．闪式提取法是一种高效、快速提取甘草叶中总黄酮的方法。     

西北不同区域商品甘草的质量评价分析

目的:对西北不同区域商品甘草进行质量评价分析.方法:文献考证、信访调查、实地采样、有效成分质量评价.结论:西北不同区域的商品甘草主要有乌拉尔甘草、黄甘草和胀果甘草3个品种,以乌拉尔甘草为主流品种;以甘草酸、甘草苷为评价指标,采用高效液相色谱法得出:不同品种间有效成分含量不尽相同,同一品种不同产地有效成分含量差异较大.本研究为甘草品质的规范化控制提供了科学依据,为西北地区甘草资源的可持续开发与利用奠定了一定的理论基础.     

乌拉尔甘草与刺果甘草茎叶营养成分的比较

对乌拉尔甘草（Glycyrrhiza uralensis,Fisch)和刺果甘草（Clycyrrhiza pallidiflora Max)茎叶进行了氨基酸，微量元素及蛋白质，糖，粗脂肪等营养成分的测定和分析。结果表明；乌拉尔甘草茎叶氨基酸含量为26.96%（干物质），粗蛋白含量为23.56%，总糖含量为14.05%。粗纤维含量为19.6%，刺果甘草氨基酸，钙、钾含量较高，分别为28.24%（干物质），1.41mg/g,1.47mg/g，从而为其资源的开发利用提供了科学依据。     

紫外分光光度法检测注射用碟脉酮总黄酮方法的建立

目的：建立一种准确快捷检测注射用注射用碟脉酮总黄酮含量的方法。方法：以芦丁为标准品，采用紫外分光光度法在波长510nm处测定注射用碟脉酮的总黄酮。结果：芦丁在0．2082mg～1．2494mg范围内呈良好的线性关系，总黄酮平均回收率为99．16％，RSD为1．23％。注射用碟眯酮总黄酮含量总黄酮含量均不低于80％。结论：该方法稳定、准确，是一种理想的注射用碟脉酮总黄酮含量测定方法。     

双波长薄层扫描法测定乌拉尔甘草中甘草酸的含量

用双波长薄层扫描法对甘草酸含量较高的４年生乌拉尔甘草进行了测定．薄层色谱条件：硅胶Ｇ板,乙酸乙酯－甲酸－冰醋酸－水（３０２２４）展开,１０％硫酸乙醇液显色,λＳ＝４２５ｎｍ,λＲ＝７００ｎｍ．     

天山花楸中总黄酮和槲皮素测定

以芦丁、槲皮素为标准品建立了用分光光度法测定天山花楸叶中总黄酮的含量和果实中槲皮素含量的测定方法，分别采用5％ NaNO2～10％Al（NO3）3～4％NaOH和2％AlCl3显色系统，并分别在510nm和422nm处进行了含量测定。结果表明：天山花楸果实中总黄酮为7．75％（RSD％=1．09），在1．596～6．384mg／100mL（R^2=0．9999）范围内，线性关系良好；7月天山花楸叶子中槲皮素为0．777％（RSD％=0．66）、8月其叶子中槲皮素为0．397％（RSD％=0．81），叶子中槲皮素在0．241～0．723mg／100mL（R^2=0．9995）范围内，线性关系良好。     

用RP-HPLC法同时测定甘草中的甘草酸和甘草次酸

建立了以RP-HPLC法同时测定甘草中的甘草酸和甘草次酸的方法．采用ODS色谱柱,甲醇-乙酸(φ=3．6％)水溶液为流动相(梯度洗脱),流速为0．8mL／min,检测波长为254nm,柱温为室温．测得甘草酸的线性范围为0．20～1．00g／L,平均回收率为91.2％,RSD=1．28％;甘草次酸的线性范围为0．0022～0．0110g／L,平均回收率为97．5％,RSD=2．20％．该实验为甘草综合品质的评价提供了一种新方法．     

超声波法提取甘草中的甘草酸

为了研究甘草酸的提取及提高提取产率的方法,以新疆乌拉尔甘草的粗粉为原料,研究了超声波条件下影响提取率的几个因素,包括溶剂、超声波作用的时间、静置时间等,结果表明：用超声波法提取,以70％乙醇为提取溶剂,超声频率为40kHz,超声作用时间为1h,静置24h,甘草酸的提取率可达18．41％．     

响应面Box-Behnken设计优化超声波辅助法提取甘草总黄酮的工艺研究

以甘草为原料,碱性乙醇溶液为提取剂,采用超声波辅助法提取甘草总黄酮。在单因素试验的基础上,以乙醇浓度、氨水浓度、液固比、超声温度及超声时间为响应变量,甘草总黄酮提取率为响应值,利用Box-Benhnken设计进行响应面分析,确定甘草总黄酮的最佳提取工艺条件。结果表明,甘草总黄酮的最佳提取工艺为：液固比11,氨水体积分数1.0％,乙醇体积分数66％,超声时间20min,超声温度74℃。在该条件下,甘草总黄酮提取率为2.15％。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to