A Benefit Measurement Framework for an Online Contract Change Management System

The contract change management (CCM) system is an online collaboration tool, which supports the contract change management process of new engineering contract (NEC) contract. It is currently used in practice on a wide range of civil, power, and building projects in the UK. The aim of this study is first to identify the tangible and intangible benefits of the system through a user survey; then to develop a framework to measure these benefits. A questionnaire survey is conducted, which reveals that CCM can help project teams improve process effectiveness, reduce risk of process failures, and increase the compliance with NEC requirements. Subsequently, a spreadsheet tool is developed to allow CCM users to calculate the tangible cost savings as a result of using the system. For intangible benefits, a change management maturity model (CM3) is developed, which provides a measurement framework for assessing the improvement of a project team’s capability in dealing with contract changes.     

Using Agents in Web-Based Constructivist Collaborative Learning System

Web-based learning systems are one of the most interesting topics in the area of the application of computers to education. Collaborative learning, as an important principle in constructivist learning theory, is an important instruction mode for open and distance learning systems. Through collaborative learning, students can greatly improve their creativity, exploration capability, and social cooperation. This paper used an agent-based coordination mechanism to respond to the requirements of an efficient and motivating learning process. This coordination mechanism is based on a Web-based constructivist collaborative learning system, in which students can learn in groups and interact with each other by several kinds of communication modes to achieve their learning objectives efficiently and actively. In this learning system, artificial agents represent an active part in the collaborative learning process; they can partially replace human instructors during the multi-mode interaction of the students.     

Integration of CAD／CAE System for Casting Process Design

Concurrent engineering is needed to modernize the foundry industry and to reduce the scrap from castings and thus increase the economic profit. This paper presents an integrated 3-D CAD/CAE system for a foundry using concurrent engineering which considers casting structure, casting type, and manufacturing properties in the CAD module to design the pouring system, the riser, the chill core and so on. A visualized solid model is developed for the casting component with the model design enhanced by CAE analysis. Heat transfer and fluid flow simulation are used to analyze the initial design. The whole product development process is analyzed using concurrent engineering methods. The application shows that the integrated system can improve the efficiency of the design and manufacturing process of die casting.     

Data based model free hysteresis identification for a nonlinear structure

In the last two decades, the damage detection for civil engineering structures has been widely treated as a modal analysis problem and most of the currently available vibration-based system identification approaches are based on modal parameters, namely the natural frequencies, mode shapes and damping ratios, and/or their derivations, which are suitable for linear systems. Nonlinearity is generic in engineering structures. For example, the initiation and development of cracks in civil engineering structures as typical structural damages are nonlinear process. One of the major challenges in damage detection, early warning and damage prognosis is to obtain reasonably accurate identification of nonlinear performance such as hysteresis which is the direct indicator of damage initiation and development under dynamic excitations. In this study, a general data-based identification approach for hysteretic performance in form of nonlinear restoring force using structural dynamic responses and complete and incomplete excitation measurement time series was proposed and validated with a 4-story frame structure equipped with smart devices of magneto-rheological (MR) damper to simulate nonlinear performance. Firstly, as an optimization method, the least-squares technique was employed to identify the system matrices of an equivalent linear system of the nonlinear structure model basing on the excitation force and the corresponding vibration measurements with impact test when complete and incomplete excitations; and secondly, the nonlinear restoring force of the structure was identified and compared with the test measurements finally. Results show that the proposed data-based approach is capable of identifying the nonlinear behavior of engineering structures and can be employed to evaluate the damage initiation and development of different structure under dynamic loads.     

Broadcast Scheduling Strategy Based on the Priority of Real-Time Data in a Mobile Environment

Data broadcast is an important data dissemination approach in mobile environment. On broadcast channel, scalability and efficiency of data transmission are satisfied. In a mobile environment, there exists a kind of real-time database application in which both the transactions and data can have their timing constraints and priorities of different levels. In order to meet the requirement of real-time data disseminating and retrieving, a broadcast scheduling strategy HPF-ED F (Highest Priority First with Earlier Deadline and Frequency) is proposed under the BoD (Broadcast on Demand) model. Using the strategy, data items are scheduled according to their priority the transaction imposed on them or system set for them. The strategy also considers other characteristics of data items such as deadline and popularity of data. The extensive simulation experiments have been conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm. Results show that it can achieve excellent performance compared with existing     

Broadcast Scheduling Strategy Based on the Priority of Real.Time Data in a Mobile Environment

Data broadcast is an important data dissemination approach in mobile environment. On broadcast channel,scalability and efficiency of data transmission are satisfied. In a mobile environment, there exists a kind of real-time database application in which both the transactions and data can have their timing constraints and priorities of different levels.In order to meet the requirement of real-time data disseminaring and retrieving, a broadcast scheduling strategy HPF-ED F (Highest Priority First with Earlier Deadline and Frequency) is proposed under the BoD (Broadcast on Demand) model. Using the strategy, data items are scheduled according to their priority the transaction imposed on them or system set for them. The strategy also considers other characteristics of data items such as deadline and popularity of data. The extensive simulation experiments have been conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm. Results show that it can achieve excellent performance compared with existing strategies.     

Research on Modeling and Reusing of Computer Numerical Control Software with Object-oriented Technology

To improve the reusable and configurable ability of computer numerical control (CNC) software, a new method to construct reusable model of CNC software with object-oriented (OO) technology is proposed. Based on analyzing function of CNC software, the article presents how to construct a general class library of CNC software with OO technology. Most function modules of CNC software can be reused because of inheritable capability of classes. Besides, the article analyzes the object relational model in request/report mode, and multitask concurrent management model, which can be applied on double-CPU hardware platform and Windows 95/NT environment. Finally, the method has been successfully applied on a turning CNC system and a milling CNC system, and some function modules have been reused.     

Survivability of components assembly in architecture

Based on the in-depth analysis of the interaction patterns between the components of software system in architecture, this paper illustrates that the association among them is complex and usually changeable during the running period. So we assume the interactions between two adjacency components are grouped into a single connector, which can be used to analyze the influence of components assembly on the survivability for software architecture. The survivability of the components assembly is mapped into the connectivity of graph model. We also bring forward a simplicity method to calculate and quantify the survivability of architecture that could provide a more usable model for designers to evaluate the architecture.     

A study on coupling technique and implementation of the wave-circulation coupled model

The coupler is fundamental for a coupled model to realize complex interactions among compo- nent models. This paper focuses on the coupling process of Wave-Circulation （W-C） coupled model which consists of MASNUM （key laboratory of marine science and numerical modeling wave model） and POM （ Princeton Ocean Model）. The current coupling module of this coupled model is based on the inefficient I/O file, which has already become a performance bottleneck especially when the cou- pled model utilizes a large number of processes. To improve the performance of the W-C model, a flexible coupling module based on the model coupling toolkit （MCT） is designed and implemented to replace the current I/O file coupling module in the coupled model. Empirical studies that we have carried out demonstrate that our online coupling module can dramatically improve the parallel per- formance of the coupled model. The online coupling module outperforms the I/O file coupling mod- ule. When processes increase to 96, the whole process of EXP-C takes only 695.8 seconds, which is only 58.8% of the execution time of EXP-F. Based on our experiments under 2D Parallel Decom- position （2DPD）, we suggest setting parallel decomposition strategies automatically to component models in order to achieve high parallel efficiency.     

软件成熟度模型及其要点

研究软件成熟度模型的五个级别,及其相关要点.详细阐述了其共性及特点.该模型经验证可有效提高软件工程质量,对大型软件项目的管理起到良好的指导作用,并被世界大型软件公司认可、接受和执行.     

CMMI模型与评估方法浅析

对能力成熟度模型集成(CMMI)进行了概述,介绍了能力成熟度模型集成产生的背景、主要内容、表示形式和基本功能,讨论了使用能力成熟度模型集成评价软件开发过程的需求、评估过程分类、正式评估的步骤,给出了提高评估效率的方法。     

软件过程与质量焦点的分析

软件产业正在走向工业化生产时代,软件工业化生产是以标准、规范为基础,以软件质量为保证.在分析和比较了软件能力成熟度模型(Capability Maturity Model,CMM)、集成软件能力成熟度模型(Capability Maturity Model Integration,CMMI)与ISO(International Standard Organization)9000质量体系的基础上,结合以极限编程(ExtremeProgramming,XP)为代表的敏捷过程、统一软件过程(Rational Unified Process,RUP)及微软过程(Microsoft Process,MP)的特点,对不同流派的软件过程进行了分析和比较,重点讨论了合理的软件过程是软件质量的关注点.     

软件生产能力成熟度模型(SW-CMM)的研究

介绍了SW -CMM的发展过程 ,阐述了CMM的体系结构及分级方法和每级的内容 ,以及软件过程的改进方法 ;论述了CMM的应用和ISO 90 0 0与CMM的关系 ,通过印度软件企业实施CMM的过程给出了我国软件企业实施CMM的步骤及方法 .     

CMM在中国软件业的现状分析

CMM(能力成熟度模型)是当前软件行业的重要技术。文章介绍了CMM提供的阶梯式的五级框架结构,分析了我国软件企业的现状,以及实施CMM进行软件过程改进所面临的问题。     

成熟度模型在数字城市建设现状评价中的应用分析

在软件过程成熟度模型和项目管理成熟度模型的基础上,提出了数字城市成熟度模型,作为评价数字城市建设现状的标准。该模型以五个成熟度梯级大致体现了数字城市的发展道路,并将其应用于我国南方某典型城市,对该城市的地理信息系统建设现状进行评估,简单介绍了这种成熟度模型在其数字城市GIS建设中的应用。     

先进制造企业技术创新能力评价及其成熟度模型的研究

技术创新能力是先进制造企业可持续发展的关键,面对全球化的竞争,我国先进制造业企业如何去面对的关键是提升企业技术创新能力及其成熟度。因此,识别企业技术创新能力和建立其成熟度评价模型对我国先进制造业的发展具有重大的推动作用。通过对技术创新能力要素构成以及评价模型进行详细分析,在综合国内外各种关于能力成熟度模型的基础上,提出了先进制造业技术创新能力成熟度模型,并划分了技术创新能力的5个层级,不同层级之间代表不同的能力水平。     

Comparison between CMM2 & ISO9001

The Capability Maturity Model (CMM) and ISO9001 are probably the two best known and most widely used models for software organization quality assurance and improvement. As they both continue to evolve, each has a series of versions which own new aspects. This paper discusses the similarities and differences between the two models, based on the CMM version 2.0 c and the 1997 release of ISO9001, examines 20 clauses in ISO9001 and maps them to practices in the latest CMM. In the end, their implementations in China are presented.     

基于分布式Agent的CMMI评估系统

根据标准化的CMMI评估方法，设计一个基于多Agent的分布式CMMI评估系统，分析了该系统的功能、模块结构．重点讨论了多Agent的能力修改过程和Agent的通信机制．Agent通过学习，能力不断得到提高，辅助专家进行CMMI评估．     

面向软件工程的工作流管理系统

结合CMM思想和RUP技术，提出了以RUP定义的软件开发流程作为模板，以工作流管理系统作为支持环境的软件开发过程管理的新思路，介绍了工作流管理系统的模型基础，即集成化的多视图模型P_PROCE，它以过程视图为核心，集成了产品，资源，组织和控制评价视图，给出了建模，仿真和执行有机集成的工作流管理系统体系结构，在解释了以过程建模，系统维护和模型转换接口三部分组成的工作流建模系统的基础上，阐述了以个人工作台和工作流引擎为主构成的工作流执行和仿真机制。