Quantum control of bosonic modes with superconducting circuits

Bosonic modes have wide applications in various quantum technologies,such as optical photons for quantum communication,magnons in spin ensembles for quantum inf...     

Realization of three-qubit quantum error correction with superconducting circuits

Quantum computers could be used to solve certain problems exponentially faster than classical computers, but are challenging to build because of their increased susceptibility to errors. However, it is possible to detect and correct errors without destroying coherence, by using quantum error correcting codes. The simplest of these are three-quantum-bit (three-qubit) codes, which map a one-qubit state to an entangled three-qubit state; they can correct any single phase-flip or bit-flip error on one of the three qubits, depending on the code used. Here we demonstrate such phase- and bit-flip error correcting codes in a superconducting circuit. We encode a quantum state, induce errors on the qubits and decode the error syndrome--a quantum state indicating which error has occurred--by reversing the encoding process. This syndrome is then used as the input to a three-qubit gate that corrects the primary qubit if it was flipped. As the code can recover from a single error on any qubit, the fidelity of this process should decrease only quadratically with error probability. We implement the correcting three-qubit gate (known as a conditional-conditional NOT, or Toffoli, gate) in 63 nanoseconds, using an interaction with the third excited state of a single qubit. We find 85?±?1 per cent fidelity to the expected classical action of this gate, and 78?±?1 per cent fidelity to the ideal quantum process matrix. Using this gate, we perform a single pass of both quantum bit- and phase-flip error correction and demonstrate the predicted first-order insensitivity to errors. Concatenation of these two codes in a nine-qubit device would correct arbitrary single-qubit errors. In combination with recent advances in superconducting qubit coherence times, this could lead to scalable quantum technology.     

Demonstration of conditional gate operation using superconducting charge qubits

Following the demonstration of coherent control of the quantum state of a superconducting charge qubit, a variety of qubits based on Josephson junctions have been implemented. Although such solid-state devices are not currently as advanced as microscopic qubits based on nuclear magnetic resonance and ion trap technologies, the potential scalability of the former systems--together with progress in their coherence times and read-out schemes--makes them strong candidates for the building block of a quantum computer. Recently, coherent oscillations and microwave spectroscopy of capacitively coupled superconducting qubits have been reported; the next challenging step towards quantum computation is the realization of logic gates. Here we demonstrate conditional gate operation using a pair of coupled superconducting charge qubits. Using a pulse technique, we prepare different input states and show that their amplitude can be transformed by controlled-NOT (C-NOT) gate operation, although the phase evolution during the gate operation remains to be clarified.     

利用耦合超导量子比特实现受控U门

运用两量子比特非局域操作的几何表示理论,提出了利用射频脉冲作用下的耦合超导量子比特构建受控逻辑门(受控U门)的一个理论方案,并进一步推导出在电容耦合和自感耦合系统中构建受控U门时,其哈密顿量中的拉比频率所需要满足的条件.最后通过两量子比特控制相位门的实现说明该方案的可行性.     

Atomic physics and quantum optics using superconducting circuits

Superconducting circuits based on Josephson junctions exhibit macroscopic quantum coherence and can behave like artificial atoms. Recent technological advances have made it possible to implement atomic-physics and quantum-optics experiments on a chip using these artificial atoms. This Review presents a brief overview of the progress achieved so far in this rapidly advancing field. We not only discuss phenomena analogous to those in atomic physics and quantum optics with natural atoms, but also highlight those not occurring in natural atoms. In addition, we summarize several prospective directions in this emerging interdisciplinary field.     

应用三维空间导叶的混流式水轮机流动

为减小混流式水轮机转轮内的叶道涡,设计了两种三维空间导叶,推导了流量调节方程,采用了全三维全流道的湍流计算方法,完成了从蜗壳进口到尾水管出口,包含所有流道在内的数值计算;并进行了模型对比试验。结果显示:应用三维空间导叶对水轮机能量性能没有太大的影响,但是增大了活动导叶上部的水流出口角,从而减小了转轮叶片进口处的冲击,尤其是在高水头、小开度情况下,上冠处的冲击和脱流比二维常规导叶有明显改善,降低了叶道涡发生的可能性,提高了水轮机的运行稳定性。     

应用SPICE程序模拟大功率电路

研究了近年来应用SPICE程序模拟大功率电路的方法。概述了功率电子器件的性能要求及应用SPICE程序描述大功率电路的语句,论述了如何建立大功率电路中关键器件的模型,评价了模型的性能并对模拟功率电路可能发生的问题提出了解决的方法。     

桥路型超导故障限流器的数字仿真研究

桥式超导故障限流器,它由超导磁体、二极管桥路和直流偏压源组成.将其接入电网,当电力系统正常运行时,超导体电阻几乎为零,对电力系统运行无影响;当电网发生短路故障,超导线圈被自动串入线路,从而限制了短路电流,使得轻型断路器可以正常动作.本文通过PSCAD对超导故障限流器的运行特性进行仿真,证明超导故障限流器可以在电力系统中应用.     

FIR数字滤波器的FPGA实现

介绍了采用加法器树和线性相位结构在FPFA上实现FIR数字滤波器的方法,并通过Verilog HDL用Quartus II进行了仿真.相对于采用传统的移位相加乘法器和直接型结构的FIR滤波器设计,这种实现方式在性能上有明显的优势,使执行效率得到了较大提高.尤其在滤波器的阶数较大的情况下,优势会更明显.     

5涡卷蔡氏混沌电路的同步技术研究

针对混沌研究的一个热点——多涡卷的蔡氏混沌电路，分别用主动-被动法、相互耦合法、变量反馈法对其进行了同步的仿真研究，并对这3种方法的同步性能进行比较，对进一步加强混沌保密通信技术的保密强度具有一定的重要意义。文中对同步的驱动函数的设计和一些参数的选择具有一定的普适性，可供借鉴。     

一个混沌电路的自适应同步

针对从动系统对主动的参数未知的情形,讨论了一个混沌电路的同步控制问题.当从动系统对主动系统的参数未知时,采用李亚普洛夫稳定性理论和自适应设计方法,设计出了一个自适应控制器.该控制器可实现主从混沌系统间的自适应同步并同时实现参数的辨识.仿真结果表明该设计方法的有效性.     

超导粉末BSCCO单晶体本构行为

超导粉末B i2S r2C an-1CunO2n 1(BSCCO)的高致密度和强c-轴织构是形成B i-2223/A g高温超导带材较高临界电流密度的关键,传统的塑性理论很难模拟与预测晶体材料BSCCO的各向异性力学行为以及变形过程中的织构演化。采用率相关的晶体塑性理论,针对BSCCO低对称晶体结构的特点,通过在主方向上加运动约束,建立其弹塑性本构模型及数值积分过程,并利用ABAQU S/UM AT子程序进行二次开发,完整构建了基于晶体塑性理论的有限元数值分析平台。利用该平台,分析了双滑移系启动的典型变形模式。模拟结果表明,拉伸变形有助于BSCCO晶体内微裂纹的形成和扩展,而压缩变形则会抑制微裂纹的形成和扩展。     

高温超导悬浮系统的磁刚度研究

基于Ampère环路定律和Bean临界态模型,通过分析超导体内部屏蔽电流穿透深度的变化,考虑高温超导悬浮系统的强磁滞特性和磁化历史,讨论了系统的磁刚度.针对实验和计算方法中与磁刚度密切相关的小滞回距离选取标准展开讨论,给出了合理的小滞回距离范围;指出磁刚度曲线具有明显的滞回性质,这主要源于超导悬浮系统的磁滞特性;详细讨论系统物理与几何参数(如临界电流密度、超导体厚度和半径等)对磁刚度的影响.计算结果可以为高温超导悬浮系统的稳定性设计提供有效可行的方法和参考依据.     

Coupling superconducting qubits via a cavity bus

Superconducting circuits are promising candidates for constructing quantum bits (qubits) in a quantum computer; single-qubit operations are now routine, and several examples of two-qubit interactions and gates have been demonstrated. These experiments show that two nearby qubits can be readily coupled with local interactions. Performing gate operations between an arbitrary pair of distant qubits is highly desirable for any quantum computer architecture, but has not yet been demonstrated. An efficient way to achieve this goal is to couple the qubits to a 'quantum bus', which distributes quantum information among the qubits. Here we show the implementation of such a quantum bus, using microwave photons confined in a transmission line cavity, to couple two superconducting qubits on opposite sides of a chip. The interaction is mediated by the exchange of virtual rather than real photons, avoiding cavity-induced loss. Using fast control of the qubits to switch the coupling effectively on and off, we demonstrate coherent transfer of quantum states between the qubits. The cavity is also used to perform multiplexed control and measurement of the qubit states. This approach can be expanded to more than two qubits, and is an attractive architecture for quantum information processing on a chip.     

High-current MoS2 transistors with non-planar gate configuration

The ever-decreasing size of transistors requires effectively electrostatic control over ultra-thin semiconductor body.Rational design of the gate configuration ...     

Airport gate assignment problem with deep reinforcement learning

With the rapid development of air transportation in recent years, airport operations have attracted a lot of attention. Among them, airport gate assignment problem(AGAP) has become a research hotspot. However, the real-time AGAP algorithm is still an open issue. In this study, a deep reinforcement learning based AGAP(DRL-AGAP) is proposed. The optimization object is to maximize the rate of flights assigned to fixed gates. The real-time AGAP is modeled as a Markov decision process(MDP). The state space, action space, value and rewards have been defined. The DRL-AGAP algorithm is evaluated via simulation and it is compared with the flight pre-assignment results of the optimization software Gurobiand Greedy. Simulation results show that the performance of the proposed DRL-AGAP algorithm is close to that of pre-assignment obtained by the Gurobi optimization solver.Meanwhile, the real-time assignment ability is ensured by the proposed DRL-AGAP algorithm due to the dynamic modeling and lower complexity.     

Resolving photon number states in a superconducting circuit

Electromagnetic signals are always composed of photons, although in the circuit domain those signals are carried as voltages and currents on wires, and the discreteness of the photon's energy is usually not evident. However, by coupling a superconducting quantum bit (qubit) to signals on a microwave transmission line, it is possible to construct an integrated circuit in which the presence or absence of even a single photon can have a dramatic effect. Such a system can be described by circuit quantum electrodynamics (QED)-the circuit equivalent of cavity QED, where photons interact with atoms or quantum dots. Previously, circuit QED devices were shown to reach the resonant strong coupling regime, where a single qubit could absorb and re-emit a single photon many times. Here we report a circuit QED experiment in the strong dispersive limit, a new regime where a single photon has a large effect on the qubit without ever being absorbed. The hallmark of this strong dispersive regime is that the qubit transition energy can be resolved into a separate spectral line for each photon number state of the microwave field. The strength of each line is a measure of the probability of finding the corresponding photon number in the cavity. This effect is used to distinguish between coherent and thermal fields, and could be used to create a photon statistics analyser. As no photons are absorbed by this process, it should be possible to generate non-classical states of light by measurement and perform qubit-photon conditional logic, the basis of a logic bus for a quantum computer.