均相还原法制备铜纳米粒子

以CuSO4·5H2O和次亚磷酸钠(NaH2PO2)为原料,采用控制反应温度的方法实现了均相体系内铜纳米粒子的还原制备.通过X射线衍射分析(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对产物物相和形貌进行了表征.实验结果表明,反应体系在70℃下反应20min可以得到的产物为粒径分布在70nm～150nm的球形铜纳米粒子.     

简易一锅法可控合成MnO2纳米带

在无模板无表面活性剂的情况下,以KMnO4、乙酸和去离子水为原料,通过一锅法水热合成MnO2纳米带,考察温度、反应时间、反应物浓度和酸用量对产物形貌的影响,并采用X线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)对合成的纳米MnO2进行表征.结果表明:产物为单分散性的MnO2纳米带,长度为5 ～ 10 μm,平均宽度和厚度分别约为70 nm和20 nm.     

甲苯热还原法制备超细镍纳米微粉的研究

以甲苯作为溶剂,在不锈钢反应釜中用KBH4还原NiCl2制备了超细镍纳米微粉.反应最佳温度为240℃,反应时间为10 h.X射线粉末衍射(XRD)结果显示,产物为单相的面心立方晶镍.透射电子显微镜(TEM)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)结果显示,产品呈棉团状,这些棉团由细小的纳米颗粒组成.颗粒直径在2 nm左右,尺寸分布均匀.镍纳米微粉的磁矫顽力为73.37 Oe.     

室温下原位制备正六边形碘化铅纳米片

室温下,以铅片(Pb)和碘(I2)为主要反应物,通过简单的浸泡方法原位合成了具有正六边形结构的碘化铅(PbI2)纳米片.借用X-射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对所得的样品进行了表征,并研究了实验条件对产物的影响.结果表明:反应时间、碘(I2)的浓度、反应介质以及反应温度等条件对产物的形貌和尺寸有明显的影响.当I2浓度为0.026mol/L、反应时间为10min、温度为25℃时,可以得到厚度约100nm、宽度约2~3μm的正六边形PbI2纳米片.     

六方相NaYF4∶Yb3+,Er3+晶体的制备及上转换发光性能

采用水热法制备形貌规整、尺寸均一的β-NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+微米片,借助X线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)等分析技术研究不同反应温度、反应时间对合成产物的物相、形貌和尺寸的影响。结果表明:随着反应温度的升高和反应时间的延长,生成的产物由α-NaYF4纳米颗粒逐渐转变为β-NaYF4微米片。当反应温度为220℃、反应时间为24 h时,得到了直径为2.9μm、厚度为1.3μm的片状β-NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+粉体。荧光光谱分析表明,在980 nm激光激发下,β-NaYF4:20%Yb3+,2%Er3+粉体能够发射出绿光(波长521和539 nm)和红光(波长654 nm)。     

六方相NaSmF_4纳米棒的水热合成与发光性能

采用EDTA辅助水热法,在较低的温度下合成了形貌规则的六方相Na Sm F4纳米棒。分别采用X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(TEM)、选区电子衍射(SAED)、稳态荧光光谱仪等对合成的样品的结构、形貌和发射光谱进行表征。XRD分析表明产物为纯净的六方相结构;FESEM和TEM分析表明产物形貌为单一的、均匀的六棱柱纳米棒,端面直径约为80 nm、长度约为500 nm;分析了Na Sm F4纳米棒可能的生长机理;研究了发射光谱(λex=400 nm)分析表明其在560 nm,593 nm,640 nm和703 nm处存在较强的发光峰,其中最强峰为593 nm处。     

纳米羟基磷灰石的制备及其吸附性能

以硝酸钙和磷酸二氢铵为原料用共沉淀法制备纳米羟基磷灰石(HA)，采用X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜、热重．差示扫描量热等手段对样品形态结构进行表征．结果表明，制备的六方晶型纳米羟基磷灰石长轴约为60nm，短轴约为20nm，粒径均匀且分散性较好．该文还研究了纳米HA对Ag^ 的吸附性能．     

溶剂热合成纳米Fe_3O_4及其性能表征

采用溶剂热还原方法,以FeCl3.6H2O和乙二醇为原料,采用双表面活性剂,在180℃条件下合成了粒径从72 nm到447 nm的纳米Fe3O4粒子,研究了NaAc.3H2O在体系中的作用,探讨了反应时间,铁源浓度和表面活性剂等反应条件对产物的影响.利用X射线粉末衍射(XRD),傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和振动样品磁强计(VSM)对产物进行了分析和表征.结果表明NaAc.3H2O在反应中起着引导产物生成和分散剂的作用,Fe3O4粒径受反应时间,铁源浓度和表面活性剂的影响.合成的Fe3O4粒子显示出高的磁性能,在生物医药方面具有潜在的应用价值.     

Ag纳米棒的控制合成

在多孔氧化铝纳米孔道内,乙二醇与Ag 反应生成银核,在一定温度下并经限域生长形成银纳米棒.用X射线衍射光谱(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)以及电子选区衍射(SAED)等检测手段对产物进行了表征.TEM形貌表明,制备的银纳米棒产量丰富,半径均匀,其长度约为200 nm,平均直径为60 nm,这与所用模板的孔结构相一致;SAED图表明银纳米棒是孪晶结构;XRD数据分析指出银纳米棒具有面心立方的晶体结构.     

In2S3纳米结构微球的水热制备及其发光性质

报道一种以氧化铟、盐酸和硫脲为原料,采用水热法制备纳米片和纳米颗粒自组装In2S3微米球的简易方法.采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对产物进行表征.SEM结果表明:于140 ℃、恒温24 h得到In2S3纳米片自组装微球,直径3～4 μm,纳米片厚度约20 nm,大小为0.5～0.8μm,于160℃恒温24 h得到In2S3纳米颗粒自组装微球.直径2.5～10 μm,纳米颗粒大小为20～200 nm.XRD结果表明制备的产物均为纯相立方晶相的In2S3;发光性能研究表明两种微球具有发冷光的性质.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.