薄带连铸因瓦合金的组织、织构及力学性能研究

将薄带连铸技术引入因瓦合金的制备流程，利用金相显微镜、XRD、EBSD、微观硬度计、拉伸实验机等设备，围绕薄带连铸因瓦合金的组织织构演化及力学性能开展研究.结果表明:在钢液过热度较高的条件下，因瓦合金凝固组织以粗大的柱状奥氏体晶粒为主，织构为强烈的λ纤维织构(<100>//ND).冷轧过程中形成大量的变形亚结构，使硬度(HV)由铸态的165提高至230~240，冷轧织构以典型的铜型织构(112<111>)及S型织构(123<634>)为主.0.7mm厚冷轧板经900℃退火10min，形成包含大量退火孪晶的再结晶组织，织构较漫散，其屈服强度、抗拉强度和断后延伸率分别达293MPa，433MPa和33.4%，与传统流程制备的0.7mm厚因瓦合金的性能相当.     

二次挤压对Al-Li合金挤压织构和力学性能的影响

作者采用三维取向分布函数(ODF)研究了二次挤压对铸锭冶金(IM)和快速冷凝粉末冶金(RS-PM)Al-Li合金挤压制品的织构及力学性能的影响。结果表明,Al-Li合金一次挤压材中存在强的〈111〉织构和弱的〈100〉织构。合金经二次挤压后,〈111〉织构减弱,综合力学性能特别是塑性提高,这种效果在IM挤压制品中显得更显著,文中讨论了〈111〉 〈100〉织构形成机理与变化的原因,分析了合金综合力学性能改善的微观组织因素。     

固溶后冷轧变形量对2195铝锂合金组织和力学性能的影响

对固溶后的2195铝锂合金挤压板材进行5%～25%的冷轧变形，并对变形后的板材进行了人工时效处理，通过组织分析和拉伸实验，研究了固溶后冷轧对2195铝锂合金挤压板材组织和性能的影响.结果表明：当冷轧变形量增加到20%时，板材厚度方向局部纤维状组织之间呈45°剪切带；当冷轧变形量继续增大到25%时，剪切带出现在板材整个厚度方向上.冷轧板材经过时效处理(155℃保温28 h)后，屈服强度、抗拉强度和延伸率随冷轧变形量的增加均先升高后降低.冷轧变形量为10%时，试样时效后的屈服强度、抗拉强度和延伸率达最大值，分别为575,604 MPa和13.7%.时效试样的屈强比先由未冷轧变形的90.8%增加到20%冷轧变形量的97.4%,再略降至25%冷轧变形量的97.1%.综合分析组织和力学性能，认为2195铝锂合金挤压板材固溶后的冷轧变形量应控制在10%左右.     

Ti3Al—Nb合金中β相基体的变形织构

研究了Ｔｉ－１６％Ａｌ－３０％Ｎｂ合金中立方β相基体在７５０℃压缩变形及退火过程中组织和织构变化的某些特征，结果表明，变形过程中面平行于压缩面的取向是稳定取向，面平行于压缩面的取向是不稳定取向。变形过程中各晶粒取向变化不大。退火后织构也无大变化变形织物主要源自变形前的初始织构，还讨论了β相变形中稳定取向产生的原因以及在变形和退火过程中发生回复的可能性。     

K465合金的显微组织和性能研究

研究了铸态、热处理态及含0.02%(质量分数)Mg的K465镍基铸造高温合金的显微组织、力学性能.研究结果表明:铸态K465合金组织主要由γ基体、弥散分布的γ′相、(γ+γ′)共晶和碳化物组成,室温平均抗拉强度960MPa,伸长率6.0%,975℃/230MPa条件下平均持久寿命28.1h;经1210℃/4h+空冷的固溶热处理后,晶界MC碳化物部分转变为M6C碳化物,γ′相颗粒尺寸减小到0.1～0.2μm,合金室温平均抗拉强度1055MPa,伸长率4.0%,975℃/230MPa条件下平均持久寿命为50.3h;加入0.02%(质量分数)Mg后,合金中MC碳化物球化,室温平均抗拉强度990MPa...     

Ti_(30)Nb_5Ta_6Zr合金的组织和力学性能研究

根据β稳定化系数kβ和d-电子理论,采用无细胞毒性合金元素Nb、Ta、Zr,设计了具有低弹性模量的新型牙科种植用近β型Ti30Nb5Ta6Zr合金,研究了合金经不同温度固溶和时效处理后的显微组织和力学性能.结果表明,合金固溶后在低温时效时析出ω相导致合金脆性.随时效温度升高,析出相由ω逐步变为α并发生粗化,使合金强度降低,但塑性得到改善.固溶温度过低（700℃）,时效后强度较低 固溶温度过高（850℃）,导致合金出现β脆性.合金在750℃固溶和500℃时效12h后强韧性好,弹性模量低于现有Ti29Nb13Ta4.6Zr合金,综合力学性能可满足牙科种植合金的要求.     

电磁场对铸轧板织构和力学性能的影响

采用三维取向分布函数（ＯＤＦ）研究了电磁场对铸轧板织构和力学性能的影响．结果表明，施加电磁场的铸轧带坯与通常添加铝－钛－硼变质剂的铸轧带坯间存在一定的织构差异．将上述７．４ｍｍ厚的带坯冷轧成１．０ｍｍ的成品板经３６０℃（１ｈ）退火处理后，电磁铸轧板较易获得立方织构与加工织构的组合，其深拉性能明显优于通常添加铝－钛－硼丝的铸轧板．此外，还讨论了铸轧板织构的形成机理．     

第二相粒子与织构对高强Cu--Ni--Si系合金薄板各向异性的影响

利用利用X射线衍射、电子背散射衍射和透射电子显微镜等手段研究了Cu-Ni-Si系合金在不同固溶温度下第二相与织构对其平面各向异性的影响.结果表明:随固溶温度的升高,合金强度和伸长率均出现先升高后降低的趋势,且存在明显的各向异性;800℃固溶时,Cu'和S'为主织构,部分形变晶粒诱发少量Brass、Goss和{011}〈511〉取向的形成,使得合金各向异性减弱;高温固溶时(≥850℃),晶粒发生完全再结晶,Cu'和S'织构强度显著增加,Brass等织构减弱甚至消失,各向异性增强;850℃固溶时效后形成δ-Ni2Si析出相,并与基体满足[001]Cu//[110]δ,(010)Cu//(001)δ位向关系,温度进一步增加,第二相析出体积分数降低,有利于改善材料的各向异性.     

固溶处理对镍-铬-钼合金力学性能的影响及断口分析

采用金相显微镜、X射线衍射和扫描电镜等方法研究了热压成形镍-铬-钼合金固溶前后的金相组织、相的组成、断口形貌,以及固溶处理对合金力学性能的影响.研究结果表明:经1250 ℃/4 h固溶处理后的合金全为Ni的固溶体,而未经固溶处理和经1200 ℃/4 h固溶处理的合金除了含有Ni的固溶体外,还有单质Mo和一些金属间化合物;未经固溶处理的合金呈脆性断裂,拉伸强度要比固溶后合金的强度低,而固溶后合金呈延性断裂.经 1250℃/4 h和1200 ℃/4 h固溶处理后合金显示出以韧窝为主的断口形貌,与合金的延性断裂力学性能测试结果一致,而未经固溶处理的合金呈现以解理为主的断口形貌,与合金的脆性断裂力学性能测试结果一致.固溶处理前合金的硬度要比处理后的合金硬度高.     

Evolution of the texture and mechanical properties of 2060 alloy during bending

In this study, we examined the evolution of the texture and mechanical properties of 2060 (T8) alloy during bending. A pixel rotation method (PRM) was proposed and used to characterize the textural evolution during bending determined by electron backscatter diffraction. The results showed that the textural components changed insignificantly, with the exception of a decrease in the cube texture. The tensile and yielding properties of the alloy were evaluated at three different orientations with respect to the rolling direction. The mechanical strength was found to increase in three directions with decreasing bending radius; thus, it was concluded that the 2060 (T8) alloy sheet satisfies the usage requirement after bending deformation.     

Effect of rolling geometry on the mechanical properties,microstructure and recrystallization texture of Al-Mg-Si alloys

The effect of rolling geometry on mechanical properties, microstructure, and recrystallization texture of Al-Mg-Si alloys was studied by means of tensile tests, microstructural observations, and electron backscatter diffraction measurements. The results reveal that the elongation and the average plasticity strain ratio (r) values of the T4P (pre-aging plus natural aging)-treated alloy sheet with a rolling geometry value between 1 and 3 are somewhat higher than those of the T4P-treated sheet with a rolling geometry value between 3 and 6. The deformation and recrystallization microstructures of the sheet with a rolling geometry value between 1 and 3 are more uniform than those of the sheet with a rolling geometry value between 3 and 6. The former also possesses somewhat higher surface quality. H {001}〈110〉 and Goss {110}〈001〉 orientations are the main recrystallization texture components for the former case, whereas the latter case only includes H{001}〈110〉 orientation. Texture gradients are present in the two alloy sheets. Shear texture component F on the surface of the sheet with a rolling geometry value between 3 and 6 and its higher texture gradients have revealed that non-uniform deformation occurred during cold rolling. The effects of texture on the yield strength and r value were also discussed.     

固溶时效工艺对6016铝合金力学性能的影响及多目标优化

作为6XXX铝合金热处理工艺的一部分,固溶处理与时效处理对6016铝合金的力学性能有显著影响.本文把固溶温度、时间和时效温度、时间作为设计变量,应用中心组合实验设计法设计固溶-时效实验方案,在室温下分别测出试样的屈服强度、伸长率和维氏硬度.第二代非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅱ)解决了第一代算法参数选取难、运行效率低等缺点.本文用第二代非支配排序遗传算法把得到的响应面方程作为目标函数进行多目标优化,经过计算后获得非劣解,从中可筛选出使目标函数较好的解与相对的固溶-时效工艺参数.     

Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of a hot-rolled Ti alloy

The microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of a hot-rolled Ti-5.1 Al-2.5 Cr-0.5 Fe-4.5 Mo-1.1 Sn-1.8 Zr-2.9 Zn titanium alloy sheet along the thickness direction were investigated.The results indicated that the hotrolled titanium alloy sheet presented different microstructures along the thickness direction owing to the uneven distribution of stress and temperature during the hot rolling.The grains in central region underwent a larger deformation,leading to relative complete grain fra...     

挤压温度对Mg-Zn-Mn变形镁合金组织和性能的影响

对新型变形镁合金Mg-6%Zn-1%Mn铸锭在320、360、420℃等不同温度下进行挤压实验,成型后实施不同热处理,并分析不同状态下合金的微观组织和力学性能.结果表明:在320~420℃条件下,该合金能实现平稳地挤压成型并完成动态再结晶.挤压温度越低,再结晶晶粒越细小,挤压棒材性能越好.高温(420℃)挤压成型,动态再结晶越易进行,且再结晶晶粒越均匀,更有利于后期通过热处理改善合金性能.     

固溶时效处理对Ni50Ti44Al6合金微观组织和力学性能的影响

采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射、室温和高温压缩试验等方法研究了固溶时效对Ni50Ti44Al6合金微观组织和力学性能的影响.Ni50Ti44Al6合金的铸态微观组织是由NiTi基体和沿晶界分布的网状组织构成.随着固溶温度升高,合金中的网状组织部分消失,第二相在基体中趋向于均匀的弥散分布;随时效时间延长,合金的强度先升高后降低.固溶时效处理能有效改善Ni50Ti44Al6合金的力学性能.最佳的处理制度为:合金在1150℃固溶6 h,水淬,再在700℃时效6 h.     

锻造方式对 Ti--6Al--4V 合金组织及取向分布的影响

在快锻液压机上对 Ti-6Al-4V 合金进行了锻造变形,采用扫描电镜、背散射电子衍射技术以及 X 射线衍射技术研究了不同锻造方式下合金组织及晶粒取向的变化规律。在单向镦拔和换向镦拔两种不同锻造方式下,难变形区、小变形区及大变形区中α相及β相的分布差别不大,组织均匀性基本一致,两种变形方式下锻坯不同区域的应变稍有差别。进一步对不同变形区域形变织构的定量分析可知：在应变较小的边缘区域,变形主要以{0001}基面滑移为主,形成基面织构;在应变较大的内部区域,织构明显转向{112     

Preparation of high-strength Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Fe alloy via heat treatment and rolling

An Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Fe alloy was solid-solution treated at 560°C for 3 h and then cooled by water quenching or furnace cooling. The alloy samples which underwent cooling by these two methods were rolled at different temperatures. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the rolled alloys were investigated by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and tensile testing. For the water-quenched alloys, the peak tensile strength and elongation occurred at a rolling temperature of 180°C. For the furnace-cooled alloys, the tensile strength decreased initially, until the rolling temperature of 420°C, and then increased; the elongation increased consistently with increasing rolling temperature. The effects of grain boundary hardening and dislocation hardening on the mechanical properties of these rolled alloys decreased with increases in rolling temperature. The mechanical properties of the 180°C rolling water-quenched alloy were also improved by the presence of β″ phase. Above 420°C, the effect of solid-solution hardening on the mechanical properties of the rolled alloys increased with increases in rolling temperature.     

AZ31镁合金氩弧焊接接头组织与力学性能研究

钨极氩弧焊(TIG)为镁合金焊接中最常用的一种焊接方法。本文采用直流钨极氩弧焊对6.0 mm厚AZ31镁合金挤压板材进行了双面焊接实验。采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、拉伸试验机考察分析了焊接接头显微组织与力学性能。显微组织分析表明,AZ31镁合金直流TIG焊接头由母材、热影响区、焊缝区组成,焊缝组织呈现焊丝熔化后凝固组织;在母材热影响区与焊缝区之间坡口处形成过渡区,晶粒细小,为母材与焊丝的熔合区。采用AZ31焊丝焊接接头平均抗拉强度为241.0 MPa,延伸率为13.8%,分别达到了母材的86.0%和63.6%。焊接接头的断裂均位于热影响区,断口呈现韧脆混合断裂特征。