Phase stability in high entropy alloys: Formation of solid-solution phase or amorphous phase

The alloy design for equiatomic multi-component alloys was rationalized by statistically analyzing the atomic size difference, mixing enthalpy, mixing entropy, electronegativity, valence electron concentration among constituent elements in solid solutions forming high entropy alloys and amorphous alloys. Solid solution phases form and only form when the requirements of the atomic size difference, mixing enthalpy and mixing entropy are all met. The most significant difference between the solid solution forming high entropy alloys and bulk metallic glasses lies in the atomic size differen ce. These rules provide valuable guidance for the future development of high entropy alloys and bulk metallic glasses.     

Phase stability in high entropy alloys: Formation of solid-solution phase or amorphous phase

The alloy design for equiatomic multi-component alloys was rationalized by statistically analyzing the atomic size difference, mixing enthalpy, mixing entropy, electronegativity, valence electron concentration among constituent elements in solid solutions forming high entropy alloys and amorphous alloys. Solid solution phases form and only form when the requirements of the atomic size difference, mixing enthalpy and mixing entropy are all met. The most significant difference between the solid solution forming high entropy alloys and bulk metallic glasses lies in the atomic size difference. These rules provide valuable guidance for the future development of high entropy alloys and bulk metallic glasses.     

Cu-Zr-Ag-Al非晶的晶化动力学研究

利用差示扫描热分析法(DSC)和X射线衍射仪(XRD),并借助Kempen模型和Kissinger方程,研究了不同加热速率下Cu45 Zr45 Ag7Al3非晶合金晶化过程及非等温晶化动力学.在连续加热条件下,随升温速率的加快,Cu45Zr45Ag7Al3非晶合金的特征温度Tg,Tx和Tp均向高温区移动,且过冷液相区间扩大.计算了该合金的激活能,分别为Eg=431.1kJ/mol,Ex=307.2 kJ/mol和Ep=339.5 kJ/mol;并计算出相应的Avrami指数n(分别为5.2和1.9),表明该非晶合金的晶化是以界面控制的多晶型晶化为主.     

Roles of Co element in Fe-based bulk metallic glasses utilizing industrial FeB alloy as raw material

A series of Fe-based bulk metallic glasses were fabricated by a conventional copper mold casting method using a kind of Fe-B industrial raw alloy. It is found that Fe-B-Y-Nb bulk metallic glass with 3 at% of Co addition possesses the best glass forming ability, thermal stability, hardness, magnetic property and anti-corrosion property. The hardness test result indicates a synchronically trend with glass-forming ability parameters. The excellent glass-forming ability and a combination of good mechanical and functional properties suggest that the alloys in this work might be good candidates for commercial use.     

Formation and biocorrosion behavior of Zr-Al-Co-Nb bulk metallic glasses

Ni-and Cu-free Zr-Al-Co-Nb glassy alloys with different Nb and Co contents were synthesized by melt spinning and copper mold casting.The effects of Nb addition to partially replace Co in the Zr55Al20Co25 glassy alloy on the glass-forming ability,thermal properties,in-vitro biocorrosion behavior and surface wettability of the metallic glasses were investigated.Although addition of Nb up to 5 at.% slightly decreased the supercooled liquid region and the glass-forming ability(GFA),the alloys could be casted in a bulk glassy rod form with diameters up to 3mm.The Zr-Al-Co-Nb glassy alloys were spontaneously passivated with low passive current densities in phosphate buffered saline and Hanks’ solution.Substitution of "toxic" Co by Nb is effective in improved the corrosion resistance of the Zr-Al-Co glassy alloy.Water contact angle measurements showed that Nb addition increased the hydrophilicity of the glassy alloys,which may enhance cell adhesion of the alloys in biomedical applications.     

大块非晶合金塑性变形本构模型的研究进展

与常规材料相比,大块非晶合金具有优越的使用性能,但其在室温下难以成形。利用过冷液相区的特性,大块非晶合金可以获得优异的成形性能。作为描述非晶合金变形过程的重要手段,非晶合金的本构模型是利用数值模拟研究非晶合金变形必不可少的条件之一。通过建立本构模型来研究非晶合金的塑性变形行为及成形性能,已经得到国内外学者的广泛关注,但目前尚无统一的理论。由于非晶合金的结构具有长程无序的特点,用于解释晶体塑性变形的位错理论不适用于解释非晶合金的塑性变形。对近年来国内外学者在大块非晶合金塑性变形本构模型方面的研究进行了全面的的总结,并简要分析了其局限性及发展趋势。     

冷却条件对Fe-Si-B非晶态合金内场分布函数的影响

以示差热分析(DTA)和穆斯堡尔谱学(MS)研究了冷却条件对Fe-Si-B非晶态合金微观结构及热稳定性的影响。实验结果表明,在形成非晶的临界冷却条件下,冷速增大,非晶态合金的热稳定性有所改变,但并不能显著改变非晶态合金的微观结构;与微晶模型相比,硬球无规混乱密堆积(DRPH8)模型较为符合实际。     

大块金属玻璃Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5在玻璃转变区轧制行为的研究

在玻璃转变区内对大块金属玻璃Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5以不同的轧制率(0％，12.5％，25%，37.5％和50%)进行轧制，用XRD、HRTEM、SEM、DSC和直流四探针法研究了轧制行为对其结构、表面形貌、热性能和相对电阻率的影响．研究结果表明，轧制后的试样仍然保持非晶相，但在非晶基体相中已经出现了一些有序团簇；第一晶化峰的起始温度降低，导致过冷液相区变窄，金属玻璃的热稳定性有下降的趋势；同时，随着轧制率的增加。室温表面相对电阻率表现为先上升、后下降的趋势．     

Pressure-induced amorphization and an amorphous-amorphous transition in densified porous silicon.

Crystalline and amorphous forms of silicon are the principal materials used for solid-state electronics and photovoltaics technologies. Silicon is therefore a well-studied material, although new structures and properties are still being discovered. Compression of bulk silicon, which is tetrahedrally coordinated at atmospheric pressure, results in a transition to octahedrally coordinated metallic phases. In compressed nanocrystalline Si particles, the initial diamond structure persists to higher pressure than for bulk material, before transforming to high-density crystals. Here we report compression experiments on films of porous Si, which contains nanometre-sized domains of diamond-structured material. At pressures larger than 10 GPa we observed pressure-induced amorphization. Furthermore, we find from Raman spectroscopy measurements that the high-density amorphous form obtained by this process transforms to low-density amorphous silicon upon decompression. This amorphous-amorphous transition is remarkably similar to that reported previously for water, which suggests an underlying transition between a high-density and a low-density liquid phase in supercooled Si (refs 10, 14, 15). The Si melting temperature decreases with increasing pressure, and the crystalline semiconductor melts to a metallic liquid with average coordination approximately 5 (ref. 16).     

B对Zr-Ti-Ni-Cu-Be块状非晶合金热稳定性的影响

利用X射线衍射(XRD)及差热分析(DSC)等方法研究了添加B对Zr Ti Cu Ni Be块状非晶合金的形成、结晶及热稳定性的影响·结果表明:在Zr Ti Cu Ni Be合金系中添加B可明显改变该合金的玻璃转变温度Tg,一次结晶温度Tx及过冷液相区ΔT等参数·当y(B)≤3%时,B的添加可使合金保持块状非晶,提高Tg、Tx并扩大过冷液相区,使非晶热稳定性增加;当y(B)≥6%时,B的添加将诱导大量的粗大Zr2Cu及ZrB2等晶体的析出·由于它们非纳米晶,尺寸较大,形状不规整,不能作为非晶复合材料的增强体·     

块体非晶合金的应用与研究进展

综述了块体非晶合金的发展历史、主要特性及其应用,详细介绍了块体非晶合金的制备技术、国内外的研究现状和目前存在的问题,对今后研究与发展的方向进行了展望。基于块体非晶合金具有诸多优良的特性,其必将在社会各个领域得到广泛的应用。     

Mechanical, deformation and fracture behaviors of bulk metallic glass composites reinforced by spherical B2 particles

Ti_(45)Cu_(40)Ni_7Zr_5Sn_(2.5)Si_(0.5) alloys were prepared under various cooling rate conditions during solidification.The alloys exhibited different volume fractions of B2 particles with 0～40 vol%in an amorphous matrix.Monolithic bulk metallic glass of 1 mm diameter showed no macroscopic plasticity and exhibited the typical vein patterns in a maximum shear stress plane on the fracture surface.However,a bulk metallic glass composite containing the B2 particles revealed obvious plasticity(～5.6%)with a remarkable work-hardening behavior that resulted from a stress-induced martensitic transformation of the B2 particles.Moreover,the composite displayed the complicated fracture morphologies containing of three types of fracture features.Through detailed investigations on the microstructural evolution,mechanical,deformation and fracture characteristics,the influence of B2 particle on overall behavior of the TiCu-based bulk metallic glass composites was elucidated.     

Vitrification of a monatomic metallic liquid

Although the majority of glasses in use in technology are complex mixtures of oxides or chalcogenides, there are numerous examples of pure substances-'glassformers'-that also fail to crystallize during cooling. Most glassformers are organic molecular systems, but there are important inorganic examples too, such as silicon dioxide and elemental selenium (the latter being polymeric). Bulk metallic glasses can now be made; but, with the exception of Zr50Cu50 (ref. 4), they require multiple components to avoid crystallization during normal liquid cooling. Two-component 'metglasses' can often be achieved by hyperquenching, but this has not hitherto been achieved with a single-component system. Glasses form when crystal nucleation rates are slow, although the factors that create the slow nucleation conditions are not well understood. Here we apply the insights gained in a recent molecular dynamics simulation study to create conditions for successful vitrification of metallic liquid germanium. Our results also provide micrographic evidence for a rare polyamorphic transition preceding crystallization of the diamond cubic phase.     

大块非晶合金力学性能研究进展

对大块非晶合金力学性能研究领域的最新进展进行了综述,介绍了新型不同系列大块非晶合金的结构和成分特点,特别是与传统晶态合金相比,相同成分的大块非晶合金具有优异的力学性能,其弹性比拉伸断裂强压缩断裂强度、弯曲断裂强度、摆锤冲击断裂能、断裂韧性和弯曲疲劳强度均较高,同时,对此类合金的应用前景进行了简要评述。     

Thermal stability and magnetic properties of Fe–Co–M–Zr–Nb–Ge–B(M=Mo,Cr) bulk metallic glasses

Fe62Co8 xMxZr6Nb4Ge1B19(M=Mo, Cr) bulk metallic glasses were synthesized in the diameter range up to 2 mm by copper mold casting,which exhibit high thermal stability and large glass-forming ability. The super-cooled liquid region diminishes by the dissolution of Mo. The addition of 2 at% Cr leads to the broading of the liquid region remarkably, resulting in the improvement of thermal stability. The crystallization takes place through a single exothermic reaction, accompanying the precipitation of more than three kinds of crystallized phases such as α-Fe,Fe2Zr and ZrB2. The Fe-based alloys show soft ferromagnetic properties. The saturation magnetization(ss) decreases with increasing Mo or Cr content while the saturated magnetostriction increases with raising Mo or Cr content. There is no evident change in the ssand coercive force(Hc)with annealing temperature below the crystallization temperature, which suggests a more relaxed atomic configuration the glasses have. The crystallization causes a substantial enhancement in both ssand Hc. Each soft magnetic property of the glasses containing Cr with higher thermal stability is superior to that of the alloys containing Mo.     

Compositional dependence of thermal and elastic properties of Cu-Ti-Zr-Ni bulk metallic glasses

Starting from the quaternary Cu₄₇Ti₃₄Zr₁₁Ni₈ alloy, the compositional dependence of thermal and elastic properties of Cu-Ti-Zr-Ni alloys was systematically investigated. Quaternary Cu-Ti-Zr-Ni alloys can be cast directly from the melt into copper molds to form fully amorphous strips or rods with the thickness of 3–6 mm. The evidence of the amorphous nature of the cast rods was provided by X-ray spectra. The measured glass transition temperature (T_g) and crystallization temperature (T_x) were obtained for the alloys using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) at the heating rate of 20 K/s. In the results, the differences between the glass temperature and the crystallization temperature (ΔT_x=T_x-T_g) are measured with values ranging up to 33–55 K. The reduced glass transition temperature (T_rg), which is the ratio of the glass temperature to the liquidus temperature (T_l), is often used as an indication of the glass-forming ability of metallic alloys. For the present Cu-Ti-Zr-Ni alloys, this ratio is typically in the range of 0.5838–0.5959, characteristic of metallic alloys with good glass-forming ability. The elastic constants for several selected alloys were measured using ultrasonic methods. The values of the elastic shear modulus, bulk modulus, and Poisson’s ratio were also given.     

Water Behaviour: glass transition in hyperquenched water?

It has been unclear whether amorphous glassy water heated to around 140-150 K remains glassy until it crystallizes or whether instead it turns into a supercooled and very viscous liquid. Yue and Angell compare the behaviour of glassy water under these conditions to that of hyperquenched inorganic glasses, and claim that water stays glassy as it heats up to its crystallization point; they also find a 'hidden' glass-to-liquid transition at about 169 K. Here we use differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) heating to show that hyperquenched water deposited at 140 K behaves as an ultraviscous liquid, the limiting structure of which depends on the cooling rate--as predicted by theoretical analysis of the liquid-to-glass transition. Our findings are consistent with a glass-to-liquid transition-onset temperature (T(g)) in the region of 136 K (refs 3,4), and they indicate that measurements of the liquid's properties may clarify the anomalous properties of supercooled water.     

Dy对Nd_(60)Fe_(30)Al_(10)磁性能的影响

通过X射线衍射仪、差热扫描量热仪和振动样品磁强计研究Dy对Nd-Fe-Al非晶合金的热稳定性及磁性能的影响.结果表明,加入Dy可提高非晶合金的热稳定性,(Nd1-xDyx)60Fe30Al10(x=0,0.1,0.2)非晶合金的剩磁随Dy质量分数的增加呈单调下降趋势,矫顽力随Dy质量分数的增加而增加.Nd-Fe-Al非晶合金的矫顽力来源于稀土元素较大的磁晶各向异性场.     

块体非晶合金的研究进展

块体非晶合金具有比各种传统材料更为优异的物理、化学、力学性能及精密成型性,因而一直是材料科学与物理研究的热点。本文分析讨论了该领域中存在的一些基本的问题,并从成分结构条件、热力学条件、动力学条件等方面阐述了块体非晶合金的形成机制,介绍了块体非晶合金优异的性能和应用前景,并扼要介绍了块体非晶合金未来的发展趋势及方向。