含铝钢连铸保护渣的研究

本文着重讨论了在连铸高铝钢和含钛钢时,钢液对结晶器保护渣成份和性能的影响,包括对保护渣碱度、熔点和粘度的影响及渣中Al_2O_3含量的变化。为了使保护渣性能在使用过程中保持稳定,研究了MnO在保护渣中的作用。还取了连铸现场的渣样进行分析比较,证实了试验结果的可靠性,为研制这类保护渣提供了依据。     

连铸结晶器保护渣结晶温度

实验采用ＷＣＴ－２型微机差热天平,用来研究了保护渣的化学组成和冷却速率对其结晶温度的影响。结果表明：（１）在实验条件下,碱度升高,保护渣的结晶温度先升高后降低;（２）Ｆ＾－含量增加,保护渣的结晶温度提高;（３）随着Ｎａ２Ｏ,Ａｌ２Ｏ３,ＭｇＯ含量的增加,保护渣的结晶温度下降;（４）保护渣的结晶温度随冷却速率的增加略有下降。     

B2O3对高铝钢连铸保护渣理化性能的影响

高铝钢连铸过程中,为了避免或减轻钢液中Al与保护渣中SiO2发生反应,设计了低SiO2、高Al2O3含量的高铝钢连铸保护渣,通过添加适量的酸性氧化物B2O3协调熔渣酸碱性,利用实验分析了B2O3含量对高铝钢保护渣熔融特性、黏度特性及渣膜传热特性的影响。结果表明,B2O3含量在4%～10%时,随着B2O3含量增加,保护渣熔化温度、黏度、黏流活化能均降低,渣膜热流密度增加;保护渣的等温转变曲线(TTT曲线)向孕育时间增加的方向移动,晶体生长速率降低;实验条件下,增加B2O3含量可抑制保护渣中CaF2的析出。     

保护渣性能对结晶器内传热的影响

在实验室模拟研究了结晶器内酸性保护渣的传热情况。结果表明：增加保护渣的粘度、提高保护渣的凝固温度，结晶器与坯壳之间渣膜的传热系数和热流密度都减小而热阻增加，通过调整保护渣的性能，可调节渣膜的传热系数，使其适应连铸坯生产的要求。     

结晶器中连铸保护渣的润滑与选择

在Hasselstron,Chone等人工作的基础上,根据流体力学原理推导了一个计算连铸结晶器中保护渣膜厚度的新公式。和原有计算法相比,该公式考察的因素更全面,它为保护渣的选择和连铸有关工艺参数的确定提供了依据。     

稀土氧化物对结晶器保护渣理化性质的影响

针对在结晶器喂稀土过程中,稀土的氧化产物进入保护渣熔融层,影响和限制了保护渣冶金性能发挥的主要问题,系统测定了稀土氧化物对结晶器保护渣熔化温度、黏度和结晶温度的影响.结果表明,随稀土氧化物含量增加,保护渣熔化温度、黏度和结晶温度显著升高.保护渣中添加少量B2O3和Li2O作为新的助熔剂使用,可以显著削弱稀土氧化物对保护渣理化性能的影响.进而可以为开发成分和性能更为合理的新型稀土钢结晶器保护渣提供理论依据.     

工艺参数对吹氩结晶器内液态保护渣流动性的影响

通过建立吹氩结晶器水模型,研究了吹氩流量、拉坯速度、液态保护渣初始黏度对结晶器内液态保护渣流动性的影响。结果表明,吹氩流量较小时,水口附近区域液态保护渣含气率高,液态保护渣表观黏度大,随着吹氩流量的增大,液态保护渣黏度峰值向远离水口方向偏移,同时沿结晶器宽度方向上液态保护渣表观黏度差值和液态保护渣的流动性差异性均有所增大;随着拉坯速度的增大,水口附近区域的保护渣表观黏度呈下降趋势,靠近结晶器窄面区域的保护渣表观黏度呈上升趋势;随着液态保护渣初始黏度的增大,水口附近区域保护渣表观黏度呈先上升后下降的趋势,靠近结晶器窄面区域保护渣表观黏度则变化不显著。     

碱度和温度对结晶器保护渣表面张力的影响

根据结晶器保护渣组成与成分范围,在实验渣成分设计的基础上,采用静滴法,利用渣金界面性质测定仪测定了不同碱度实验渣在不同温度下的表面张力。结果表明,在实验渣成分范围内,随着温度的升高,熔渣表面张力呈线性逐渐降低,温度升高100℃,熔渣表面张力约可降低215 m N/m,且熔渣表面张力的降低主要取决于温度升高所导致的离子间作用力减弱。随着碱度的增加,熔渣表面张力逐渐升高,其变化趋势与熔体聚合程度降低的趋势相一致。     

低碳含硅TRIP钢断裂机理的研究

对试验用低碳含硅TRIP钢断裂机制进行静、动态观察研究,并用扫描电镜定性测量了其中组织颗粒的化学成分.实验表明:应变时等轴铁素体(F)内部产生与拉应力方向呈45°滑移带,随着应力加大,形成按一定取向扩展的微孔,微孔逐渐贯通形成裂纹.裂纹遇到硬质相贝氏体(B)时沿其边缘行走;当遇到残余奥氏体(RA)时,产生的相变诱发塑性松弛了集中应力,导致裂纹钝化、扭折.试验用TRIP钢断口花样为韧窝花样,属塑性断裂.     

连铸保护渣在结晶器中熔融行为的计算机仿真

在对特定的连铸保护渣进行分析时，熔渣层厚度是一个重要参数，如果在连铸过程中熔融层厚度不能保持在某一最小值以上时，铸坯的内外部质量会因坯壳与结晶器间的润润变差而受到影响，因而必须确定适合条件的保护渣，在工业试验中，保持其它参数不变而只控制一个参数的变化来研究其影响是非常困难的，而且费用昂贵。采用数学计算和计算机仿真方法进行此类研究，较好的预测了钢液面上熔融层的厚度及温度分布，并以此来研究了保护渣物理性能对保护渣各层厚度的影响。     

低碳钢板坯连铸用无氟保护渣生成区域的研究

为了研究性能稳定的低碳钢板坯连铸用无氟保护渣,在测试传统的板坯连铸用高氟保护渣(F-≥3%)性能的基础上,采用单纯形法,设计了CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-Fe2O3-MgO-Li2O-TiO2-Na2O-MnO-B2O3渣系中满足保护渣组成条件的基本实验点.通过逐步固定各组分含量,将多维空间的渣系组成转化为二维平面网格.测试无氟渣样的熔点、黏度、转折温度、玻璃体比例及转折温度时的黏度,并作性能与组成关系的等值线图.通过比较高氟保护渣和无氟渣样性能,确定了碱度、熔点、黏度、转折温度较低,且凝固后呈玻璃体的低碳钢板坯连铸用无氟保护渣的三个生成区域,其中之一的典型成分的质量分数范围是:CaO31.2%,SiO236.8%,Al2O33%,Fe2O31%,MgO2%,Li2O2%,TiO26%,Na2O7%～12%,MnO3%～8%,B2O30～3%.     

Al2 O3对连铸保护渣中氟浸出的影响

为了消除保护渣在使用过程中氟溶解到水中造成的危害,提出了开发高Al2 O3含量的保护渣.研究了不同含量的Al2 O3对保护渣熔渣水浸液中F-质量浓度和pH值的影响,并利用X射线光电子能谱分析了Al2 O3含量对保护渣熔渣结构的影响.当Al2 O3的质量分数为4%时,保护渣迁移到水中的F-质量浓度为22.8~35.4 mg·L-1,pH值的变化范围为4.0~9.5;当Al2 O3的质量分数由4%增加到34%,F-质量浓度和pH值的变化范围均是先急剧减小后略有增加的趋势. X射线光电子能谱分析显示：增加保护渣中Al2 O3的含量时,保护渣中Al2 O3通过形成Al—F共价键,抑制了氟的浸出.控制保护渣中Al2 O3的质量分数在16%~34%的范围,则实验水样中F-质量浓度在4.0~10.0 mg·L-1的范围,pH值在6.5~7.5的近中性范围,可减弱氟浸出造成的危害.     

Crystallization behavior of F-free mold fluxes

The time-temperature-transformation (TTT) diagrams of F-free mold fluxes was constructed using single hot thermocouple technique (SHTT) and confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM) to study the crystallization behavior of F-free mold fluxes. The tendency of crystallization is found to increase whereas the incubation time decreases with increasing basicity. Zirconia addition enhances the crystallization tendency due to its limited solubility in the slag melt and the solid particles acting as nucleation sites. Pseudo-wollastonite is found to precipitate in the slag with low basicity (CS-1 and CS-2), kilchoanite and larnite are formed with further increasing basicity (CS-3), and larnite is finally formed as the basicity beyond unit (CS-4). The crystal morphology changes with varying compositions and isothermal temperatures. The measured growth rate is found to be linear with time under isothermal conditions and decreases with increasing isothermal temperature.     

Effect of CeO_2 on heat transfer and crystallization behavior of rare earth alloy steel mold fluxes

To improve the heat transfer capability and the crystallization property of the traditional mold flux, CaF_2 was replaced with B_2O_3. Then, the influences of CeO_2 on the heat transfer and the crystallization of the CaF_2-bearing mold flux and the new mold flux with 10 wt% B_2O_3 were studied using a slag film heat flux simulator and X-ray diffraction(XRD). The results revealed that the addition of CeO2 reduced the heat transfer by increasing the solid slag thickness and the crystallization of two mold fluxes. However, CeO_2 had less effect on the B_2O_3-containing mold flux compared with the CaF_2-bearing mold flux. According to the analyses, the CeO_2 contents in the CaF_2-bearing mold flux and the B_2O_3-containing mold flux should not exceed 8 wt% and 12 wt%, respectively. Therefore, these experimental results are beneficial to improve and develop the mold flux for casting rare earth alloy steels.     

Viscosity estimation for slags containing calcium fluoride

Based on recently published experimental data, the Riboud model was modified for viscosity estimation of the slags containing calcium fluoride. The estimated values were in good agreement with measured data. Reasonable estimation can be achieved using the modified Riboud model for mould fluxes and ESR (eletro slag remelting) slags. Especially for ESR slags, the modified Riboud model can provide much more precise values than the original Riboud model.     

水钢H08钢连铸保护渣的研制

针对水钢H08钢铸坯表面存在严重凹陷缺陷、浇注过程中漏钢率高的问题,对钢种凝固特性进行了分析和对原用保护渣进行了优化.结果表明:水钢焊H08钢在结晶器凝固过程中,产生凹陷有2种情况:[C]=0.067%～0.080%,温度为1 499℃,发生包晶δ+L→γ转变;[C]=0.040%～0.067%,温度约为1 450～1 499℃时,开始δ→γ转变,易产生凹陷.保护渣优化后的性能范围:二元碱度0.85～0.95、熔化温度1 150～1 180℃、1 300℃粘度0.50～0.65 Pa·S、转折温度1 150～1 190℃.优化后的B渣浇注的铸坯凹陷数量显著减少,据统计数据长度大于50 mm的凹陷条数百分比由优化前20%减少到1%;漏钢率由优化前2%减少到0.13%.     

Li2O对高铝钢保护渣结晶行为及渣膜传热的影响

设计了非反应性保护渣,利用热丝法和渣膜热流模拟仪研究了Li₂O含量对其结晶行为和渣膜传热特性的影响.结果表明:在小于2%的范围内增加Li₂O的质量分数可减弱非反应性保护渣的结晶性能;而在2%～5%范围内增加Li₂O的质量分数,则渣系晶体析出孕育时间缩短,结晶温度升高,临界冷却速度增大,结晶速率常数增大,即促进了非反应性渣系的结晶.同时发现,在2%～5%范围内增加Li₂O的质量分数,非反应性保护渣的最大热流密度、平均热流密度及特征时间均减小.     

Effect of CeO2 on heat transfer and crystallization behavior of rare earth alloy steel mold fluxes

To improve the heat transfer capability and the crystallization property of the traditional mold flux, CaF₂ was replaced with B₂O₃. Then, the influences of CeO₂ on the heat transfer and the crystallization of the CaF₂-bearing mold flux and the new mold flux with 10wt% B₂O₃ were studied using a slag film heat flux simulator and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results revealed that the addition of CeO₂ reduced the heat transfer by increasing the solid slag thickness and the crystallization of two mold fluxes. However, CeO₂ had less effect on the B₂O₃-containing mold flux compared with the CaF₂-bearing mold flux. According to the analyses, the CeO₂ contents in the CaF₂-bearing mold flux and the B₂O₃-containing mold flux should not exceed 8wt% and 12wt%, respectively. Therefore, these experimental results are beneficial to improve and develop the mold flux for casting rare earth alloy steels.     

Development and formability analysis of TRIP seamless steel tube

In this paper, the production technology of transformation induced plasticity （TRIP） steel was first introduced into the steel tube manufacture field to produce the steel tubes with high strength and plasticity. The TRIP seamless steel tubes with the microstructure of ferrite, bainite, retained austenite and a little martensite were successfully fabricated using a cold-drawn steel tube with two-stage heat treatment technique and continu- ous heat treatment process, respectively. The ring tensile test and cold bend test were carried out to study the formability of the newly developed TRIP seamless steel tube. The results showed that the TRIP seamless steel tubes have a good cold formability, and they are available to be used in the tube hydroforming process. In ad- dition, the equipment of continuous heat treatment developed in the current study can be used to produce TRIP steel tube, and it may serve as an important reference for the industrial production of TRIP steel tube.     

TRIP800钢变形抗力的试验研究

以TRIP800钢为例,利用Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机对金属塑性变形抗力进行试验研究。通过实测数据,分析了不同变形温度、应变速率和变形程度与变形抗力的关系,确定了金属塑性变形抗力的数学模型。并对其数学模型进行回归,模型具有良好的曲线拟合特性。