对转式垂直轴风力机气动性能研究

为了改进漂浮独立式垂直轴风力机的气动和稳定性能,提出风力机的新型结构设计理念,即同轴对转式垂直轴风力机.基于计算流体力学理论,借助雷诺时均剪切应力传输RANS SST k-m湍流模型对风力机进行数值模拟,并结合涡流理论,比较对转式与独立式垂直轴风力机在不同叶尖速比(TSR)时的气动和稳定性能.结果表明,相同流场条件下,...     

涡流发生器布置位置对小型垂直轴风力机气动性能的影响

为提高垂直轴风力机的气动性能,针对小型双叶片H型垂直轴风力机,提出3种涡流发生器在叶片表面安装位置方案。建立风力机整机仿真模型并进行了网格独立性验证。利用ANYSY FLUENT软件对垂直轴风力机进行三维流体力学仿真研究。研究结果表明:在上风区叶片内表面和下风区叶片外表面加装涡流发生器均可提高叶片的转矩系数,但分析流场显示下风区流场紊乱,下风区叶片外表面加装涡流发生器提升效果变差。3种方案中,叶片内外表面加装涡流发生器时垂直轴风力机风能利用率C_P提升效果最好,与原型风力机相比C_P提升6.4%。     

小型H型垂直轴风力机变桨机构的优化设计与试验

为解决现有垂直轴风力机风能利用率较低的问题,以获得风轮最大切向力为目标,分别获得了风轮上风区和下风区叶片的最佳理论攻角为8°和-8°,计算出了叶片一周桨距角调节策略。在此基础上,采用随机方向法对双曲柄变桨机构进行了优化设计,得到了不同叶尖速比下变桨机构的参数组合。为验证垂直轴风轮变桨机构的合理性,以叶尖速比2为例,利用ADAMS软件对变桨机构模型进行了运动学特性仿真,并采用旋转测角法对叶片桨距角变化曲线进行了数据拟合,计算结果显示:实际桨距角变化曲线与理想变桨曲线的贴合程度较高。风洞试验进一步证明:所设计的变桨距垂直轴风力机具有更好的自启动性能,且在现有风速下比定桨距垂直轴风力机的发电效率至少提高了7.86%。     

垂直轴风力机尾缘开裂襟翼气动性能及其偏转角调节规律

为提高垂直轴风力机的气动性能,提出在小型3叶片垂直轴风力机叶片尾缘加装开裂襟翼的设计方案。首先,根据CFD数值模拟和正交设计得到偏转角对风力机气动性能影响最大;然后,进一步分析了叶尖速比分别为1.5和2.5时襟翼偏转角对风力机气动性能的影响和增升机理;最后,提出了襟翼偏转角调节规律。研究结果表明:襟翼的较优参数组合为长度l=20%c、偏转角β=10°和布置位置t=90%c。当叶尖速比TSR分别为1.5和2.5时,较小的襟翼偏转角(0°β10°)能提升叶片平均切向力系数CTavg,其中,襟翼偏转角β=10°时,风力机的风能利用率CP分别提升了7.7%和4.6%;与原型风力机相比,应用襟翼偏转角调节规律后,风能利用率CP分别提升12.4%和10.4%。     

叶尖开孔对风力机流场的影响研究

以NREL Phase VI叶片的1/8缩比模型为研究对象,在叶片叶尖区域设计由前缘到叶尖端面的3个环形通气孔,改变叶尖流场分布.采用CFD的方法,通过转速变化分析叶尖表面的压力分布情况及其叶尖涡的发展过程,进而研究叶尖开孔对风力机叶尖涡的影响.研究结果表明:转速低于900 r/min时,叶尖开孔对叶片气动性能影响不大;而转速高于900 r/min时,叶尖开孔可降低涡核强度,加速叶尖涡耗散,提高叶片气动效率.从环形通气孔中喷射的气流对来流有明显的抑制作用,能够减小尾流区内的轴向速度.在加速叶尖涡的耗散和降低叶尖涡的强度方面,风力机叶尖处开孔在转速超过900 r/min以上时被视为一种比较有效的设计.     

密实度对10 MW垂直轴风力机气动性能的影响

为研究密实度对10 MW级直叶片垂直轴风力机气动性能的影响,采用计算流体力学的方法,对二维非定常流场进行数值模拟,通过重叠网格技术对旋转域运动结果进行分析与研究,重点分析了叶片数量和弦长这两个影响密实度的重要参数对风力机能量利用率的影响。研究结果表明：叶片数量和弦长的变化均会对垂直轴风力机气动性能产生影响,且改变叶片数量产生的影响更加明显。研究结果为风力机参数选择提供了参考依据。     

分布式能源用垂直轴风力机气动特性的 对比分析

为便于分析现有不同结构风力机性能特点,建立3种结构垂直轴风力机模型.基于ANSYS Workbench中流场计算模块CFX分别对3种模型进行流场仿真分析,从不同的方面对比了3种风力机模型的流场特性差异.对3种机型的受力分析,得出阻力与升力随叶尖速比变化的对比关系以及风轮放置形式对升力与阻力的影响.通过风力机参数研究,得出3种机型的风能利用系数与转矩系数曲线,并对3种机型的这2种参数曲线做了对比.此外,还分析和对比了3种风力机不同位置处的相对流速和压强分布规律,提出了Jensen尾流模型的压强表述.总之,该研究成果能为分布式能源用垂直轴风力机的优化设计和对比提供了借鉴和参考.     

基于叶素动量理论的水平轴风力机叶片设计方法

针对叶素动量理论在实际运用中存在的问题,对叶素动量理论进行较系统的分析,认为其有两种计算模型.以模型Ⅰ为例,提出两种计算流程,建立以风轮运行风速范围内风能利用系数最大,以叶片弦长、叶尖速比为设计变量的优化设计模型,计算中考虑分段叶尖损失计算方法.针对8kW水平轴风力机叶片的计算表明,计算方法稳定、可行.根据设计要求,对叶片弦长、叶尖速比进行优化设计.通过计算获得叶片结构参数和叶片性能参数随叶片展向、风速的变化关系,同时获得风力机的最佳运行风速范围.计算结果可为风力机叶片设计和评估提供参考.     

尾缘襟翼偏转角对不同翼型的垂直轴风力机气动影响研究

风能转化率偏低是阻碍垂直轴风力机市场化发展的重要原因.尾缘襟翼的设计能够改变叶片表面的流场结构,从而提高垂直轴风力机的气动性能.目前关于不同翼型垂直轴风力机的气动性能随尾缘襟翼的变化规律尚不明确.基于计算流体动力学方法,采用转捩剪切应力输运湍流模型,对3种不同分离式尾缘襟翼的翼型(NACA0018、NACA0021和NACA0024)叶片的H型垂直轴风力机气动性能进行数值研究.验证算例与已有的实验结果对比,结果吻合较好,证实本方法的可靠性.进一步考虑3种基础翼型与5组襟翼偏转角(-16°、-8°、0°、8°、16°)参数,探究垂直轴风力机的气动性能差异,分析其内在机理.研究结果表明：逆风区正向襟翼偏转角可以有效提高叶片的弯矩系数,顺风区负向襟翼偏转角对叶片的弯矩系数产生有利影响.在负向襟翼偏转角下,风能利用率受偏转影响的程度与翼型厚度呈正相关;在正向襟翼偏转角下,风能利用率受偏转影响的程度与翼型厚度呈负相关.研究成果可以为垂直轴风力机尾缘襟翼的应用提供有效参考.     

导叶对涡轮型垂直轴风力机气动性能的影响

针对传统垂直轴风力机效率低的缺陷,阐述带导叶垂直轴风力机的结构优势,并分析导叶对涡轮型垂直轴风力机的作用。应用计算流体力学理论,在设计风速12 m／s下,采用滑移网格技术及 k-ε 模型对有、无导叶两种涡轮型垂直轴风力机的气动性能进行比较。研究表明,导叶可以有效降低由于来流对逆风区叶片吸力面的直接冲击而造成的阻力扭矩,也会负面影响顺风区叶片的性能,但其负作用效果远不及在逆风区挡流降阻的正作用效果,故加导叶后风轮的性能会有很大提高。带弧线形导叶涡轮型垂直轴风力机最大风能利用系数可达0.24,具有工作范围广、最佳尖速比大的特点。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has