Four basic laws in design science

A point on the distinction between design and science is given and the connotanons of aeslgn science are discussed in the paper. Design should be understood as the first step of all human＇ s purposeful activity, which is a daily behavior for everyone. Four laws are summarized, which describe the basic patterns of design and are the constituents of design science. They are the law of design based on existed knowledge, law of in- completeness of design knowledge, law of design centered on new knowledge acquirement and law of competi- tiveness of design knowledge. The four basic laws show the knowledge essence of design. To enrich the existed knowledge, to make it convenient to be used, to teach designers with high intuition and inspiration in picking useful elements of existed knowledge and shaping competitive ideas and to have strong new knowledge acquire- ment facility are the basic conditions of good designs. Study of design science will promote the structure of tra- ditional engineering education. An important conclusion is derived that there will be no successful innovation without good design.     

A Novel Incremental Mining Algorithm of Frequent Patterns for Web Usage Mining

Because data warehouse is frequently changing, incremental data leads to old knowledge which is mined formerly unavailable. In order to maintain the discovered knowledge and patterns dynamically, this study presents a novel algorithm updating for global frequent patterns-IPARUC. A rapid clustering method is introduced to divide database into n parts in IPARUC firstly, where the data are similar in the same part. Then, the nodes in the tree are adjusted dynamically in inserting process by ＂pruning and laying back＂ to keep the frequency descending order so that they can be shared to approaching optimization. Finally local frequent itemsets mined from each local dataset are merged into global frequent itemsets. The results of experimental study are very encouraging. It is obvious from experiment that IPARUC is more effective and efficient than other two contrastive methods. Furthermore, there is significant application potential to a prototype of Web log Analyzer in web usage mining that can help us to discover useful knowledge effectively, even help managers making decision.     

Mass transfer coefficients in metallurgical reactors

An overview on the application and achievements of physico-mathematical modeling of metallurgical processes in China is briefly declared. The important role of coefficients in model formulation is shown from our experience. The mass transfer coefficients of the slag-metal reactions and the gas-metal reactions are discussed referring to the flow conditions near the interface. The influence of the surface-active species on the mass transfer and the inteffacial reaction is also discussed briefly.     

Ore-blending optimization model for sintering process based on characteristics of iron ores

An ore-blending optimization model for the sintering process is an intelligent system that includes iron ore characteristics, expert knowledge and material balance. In the present work, 14 indices are proposed to represent chemical composition, granulating properties and high temperature properties of iron ores. After the relationships between iron ore characteristics and sintering performance are established, the "two-step" method and the simplex method are introduced to build the model by distinguishing the calculation of optimized blending proportion of iron ores from that of other sintering materials in order to improve calculation efficiency. The ore-blending optimization model, programmed by Access and Visual Basic, is applied to practical production in steel mills and the results prove that the present model can take advantage of the available iron ore resource with stable sinter yield and quality performance but at a lower cost.     

From α, β-Epoxyaldehydes to Peptidonucleosides and Iminosugars

The primary objectives of the group “Natural products and bioactive molecules”, are the development of synthetic methods, their application in the elaboration of natural compounds and analogues and the translation of this know-how through an integrated approach to the identification of attractive leads in order to confront some of the major diseases in the developed and developing countries.     

CiLin Expansion and Its Application to Word Sense Disambiguation

40000 new entries are added to CiLin in knowledge engineering. Statistics are presented about the sense ambiguity of Chinese words in CiLin. An automatic solution is proposed for the problem of Chinese sense disambiguation, which utilizes the heuristics of part-of-speech tagging and Naive Bayesy classification based on a partially disambiguated corpus.     

A prototype auto-human support system for spatial analysis

Spatial analysis is a multidisciplinary field that involves multiple influential factors, variation and uncertainty, and modeling of geospatial data is a complex procedure affected by spatial context, mechanism and assumptions. In order to make spatial modeling easier, some scholars have suggested a lot of knowledge from exploratory data analysis (EDA), specification of the model, fitness and diagnosis of the model, to interpretation of the model. Also an amount of software has improved some functionalities of spatial analysis, e.g. EDA by the dynamic link (GeoDa) and robust statistical calculation (R). However, there are few programs for spatial analysis that can automatically deal with unstructured declarative issues and uncertainty in machine modeling using the domain knowledge. Under this context, this paper suggests a prototype support system for spatial analysis that can automatically use experience and knowledge from the experts to deal with complexity and uncertainty in modeling. The knowledge base component, as the major contribution of the system, in support of the expert system shell, codes and stores declarative modeling knowledge, e.g. spatial context, mechanisms and prior knowledge to deal with declarative issues during the modeling procedure. With the open architecture, the system integrates functionalities of other components, e.g. GIS’ visualization, DBMS, and robust calculation in an interactive environment. An application case of spatial sampling, design and implementation of spatial modeling with such a system is demonstrated.     

Neural Network Based Model for Predicting Housing Market Performance

The United States real estate market is currently facing its worst hit in two decades due to the slowdown of housing sales. The most affected by this decline are real estate investors and home developers who are currently struggling to break-even financially on their investments. For these investors, it is of utmost importance to evaluate the current status of the market and predict its performance over the shortterm in order to make appropriate financial decisions. This paper presents the development of artificial neural network based models to support real estate investors and home developers in this critical task. The paper describes the decision variables, design methodology, and the implementation of these models. The models utilize historical market performance data sets to train the artificial neural networks in order to predict unforeseen future performances. An application example is analyzed to demonstrate the model capabili-ties in analyzing and predicting the market performance. The model testing and validation showed that the error in prediction is in the range between -2% and +2%.     

A PSL Ontology-based Shop Floor Dynamical Scheduler Design

Due to the complex, uncertainty and dynamics in the modern manufacturing environment, a flexible and robust shop floor scheduler is essential to achieve the production goals. A design framework of a shop floor dynamical scheduler is presented in this paper. The workflow and function modules of the scheduler are discussed in detail. A multi-step adaptive scheduling strategy and a process specification language, which is an ontology-based representation of process plan, are utilized in the proposed scheduler. The scheduler acquires the dispatching rule from the knowledge base and uses the buildin on-line simulator to evaluate the obtained rule. These technologies enable the scheduler to improve its fine-tune ability and effectively transfer process information into other heterogeneous information systems in a shop floor. The effectiveness of the suggested structure will be demonstrated via its application in the scheduling system of a manufacturing enterprise.     

An equation of entransy transfer and its application

Entransy is a physical quantity describing heat transfer ability, and heat transfer is accompanied by entransy transfer. Thermal energy is conserved in its transfer process, while entransy is dissipated because of the irreversibility of its transfer process. As a result, entransy transfer must have its rules which are different from those of thermal energy transfer. Based on the definition of entransy, an entransy transfer equation is derived, which describes the entransy transfer processes of a multi-component viscous fluid subject to heat transfer by conduction and convection, mass diffusion and chemical reactions. The expressions of entransy flux and entransy dissipation are obtained simultaneously, and their physical mechanism is clarified. And further, the theory and method of optimizing heat transfer applying the entransy transfer equation to the steady-state convection heat transfer process are expounded. The minimum thermal resistance principle and the entransy dissipation extremum principle are obtained by applying the steady-state entransy transfer equation to the steady-state convection heat transfer process. The cases of the single-component steady-state convection heat transfer and the steady-state heat conduction show the application of the theory and method.     

Development of a Drape-Tester by Image Analysis

An instrument is developed to measure the dynamic andstatic fabric drapability by the technology of image analy-sis. A set of stepper motor speed - regulation system,which is based on the control of single - chip microproces-sor and microcomputer, is developed to form the dynamictest environment in order to implement the measurementof dynamic drapability. An algorithm is presented to con-vert the original draped images which are captured by adigital camera into binary images. The test results showthat the algorithm is adapted for all kinds of fabrics. Thewhole measurement process is controlled by a friendly     

Joint Source and Relay Precoding/Beamforming Algorithm for OFDM Multi-user Cooperative Relay Systems

In order to reduce the feedback load of multi-user orthogonal frequency division multiplexing （ OFDM ） -based wireless systems, a practiral limited bits feedback precoding algorithm is proposed with direct source-destination link based on amplify-and- forward cooperative relay network under frequency selective fading channels. Using joint minimum mean square error（MMSE） filter, the receiving decoding matrix is designed for each user in the paper. Source precoding （beamforming） matrix is optimized with convex function of weight mean square error （MSE）. Relay precoding matrix is obtained under MSE decomposition and convex optimization. The precoding matrix index is fed back for clustered subcarrier of OFDM with limited feedback. Then using interpolation algorithm, all precoding matrices are achieved at base station （BS） and relay nodes. Simulations indicate the effectiveness of the proposed limited feedback joint precoding and beam_formlng design. The proposed method can improve bit error rate （BER） performance and obtain better sum-rate performance in contrast to existing algorithms. It displays the BER performance is close to that of the unquantified precoding feedback method.     

The two-way feedback and passing way of human body

Two-way feedback of human body was published in 1992. The sensation of two-way feedback of body is a special system of human reaction, which maintains and regulates symmetry and balance of human body. The human twoway feedback reacts to human health. For human overall health and delay decrepitude, it is necessary to pay attention to the stimulations （passive acceptance and initiative interventions） and relevant influences in human body and the stimulative effect. In this paper, the experimental research of stimulation and an example of two-way feedback in human body are given. And lay a foundation of prevention, medical treatment and hygiene of human overall health.     

A Study of the Item Analysis in Quality Evaluation of CET-6 Multiple-Choice Cloze

The cloze test is constructed by deleting words from a selected passage and the examinees are required to complete broken patterns by filling in the blanks in order for the passage to make sense.It aims at testing examinees’comprehensive language knowledge and skills.In this paper,the author analyzes items of a sample cloze test taken from CET6.     

Computer controlled measurement of spontaneous combustion in coal stockpiles of the Western Lignite Corporation,Turkey

The spontaneous combustion event in coal stockpiles is inevitable when appropriate environmental conditions are available. The objective of a computerized measurement system is to measure temperature changes existing in a coal stockpile. In order to achieve this intention, the electrical signal conversion of temperatures sensed by 20 temperature sensors placed in certain points inside the coal stockpile, the transfer of these electrical signals into computer media by using analogue-digital conversion unit after applying necessary filterization and upgrading processes and the record of these information into a database in particular time intervals are provided. Afterwards, the diagrams of these time-temperature data are plotted. With the help of these graphs, the competent company will be able to examine the behavior of coal stockpiles in terms of spontaneous combustion and take necessary precautions against self-combustion beforehand.     

Energy-Aware GPU Programming at Source-Code Levels

To enhance the energy efficiency and performance of algorithms with Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) accelerators in source-code development, we consider the power efficiency based on data transfer bandwidth and power consumption in key situations. First, a set of primitives is abstracted from program statements. Then, data transfer bandwidth and power consumption in different granularity sizes are considered and mapped into proper primitives. With these mappings, a programmer can intuitively determine the power efficiency and performance in different running states of a thread. Finally, this intuition enables the programmer to tune the algorithm in order to achieve the best energy efficiency and performance. Using these power-aware principles, two Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) methods are compared. The mapping between power consumption and primitives is helpful for algorithm tuning in source-code levels.     

Similarity solution to a heat equation with convection in an infinite medium

A second order heat equation with convection in an infinite medium is studied. Suitable similarity transformations are used to reduce the parabolic heat equation to a class of singular nonlinear boundary value problems. Numerical solutions are presented for different representations of heat conduction, heat convection, heat flux, and power law parameters by utilizing the shooting technique. The results reveal the heat transfer characteristic and the effect of parameters on the solutions.     

Two-Degrees-of-Freedom Decoupling Control for Stable Multivariable Processes

This paper proposes a decoupling control scheme with two-degrees-of-freedom （2DOF） control structure. In the proposed scheme, two multivariable controllers are designed based on Internal Model Control （IMC） theory for setpoint tracking and disturbance rejection independently. An analytical approximation method is utilized to reduce the order of the controllers. By adjusting the corresponding controller parameter, the setpoint tracking and disturbance rejection of each control loop can be tuned independently. In the presence of multiplicative input uncertainty, a calculation method is also proposed to derive the low bounds of the control parameters in order to guarantee the robust stability of the system. Simulations are illustrated to demonstrate the validity of the proposed control scheme.     

A hybrid Jacobian control for uncalibrated robot visual servoing

This paper focuses on the visual servo control of an uncalibrated robotic arm with an eye-in-hand camera. Without a prior knowledge of the kinematics of the robotic arm or camera calibration, the proposed hybrid Jacobian controller can track a moving object using visual feedback and joint-space velocity feedback. The proposed hybrid control method is a combination of the uncalibrated visual servoing and approximate Jacobian feedback control. First, the Jacobian matrix from joint-space to image-space is estimated by recursive least-squares (RLS) algorithm, and then the approximate Jacobian feedback controller is designed by using visual feedback and joint-space velocity feedback. The performances of the proposed control methods are illustrated by computer simulations.