結扎家兎胰导管后胰腺内的組織化学变化与胰腺内及血液內淀粉酶活力变化的关系 (Ⅰ)胰腺內脂肪酶的组織化学变化的观察

(一)在正常饥饿24小时的家兔胰腺组织中,以组织化学既显示的脂肪酶是分布于腺泡细胞近腺腔端;而大小导管,胰岛细胞和血管壁皆呈阴性反应。在胰腺组织不同部位的腺细胞中脂肪酶活力强弱不一,特别是胰岛周围反应较强。 (二)在结扎胰导管过程中,脂肪酶的组织化学反应发生显著变化;结扎后第一天酶反应加强,自结扎胰导管的第三天开始至第十三天脂肪酶皆呈阴性反应。 (三)在结扎胰导管过程中,组织化学显示的脂肪酶变化和生物化学上测定的血液和腺体内淀粉酶的变化有平行的关系,并和腺细胞中RNA的变化有一致的趋势。     

胸导管结扎对胰淀肽沉积及胰岛激素和糖代谢的影响

采用腹部结扎大鼠胸导管,建立胰淋巴瘀滞动物模型,观察实验动物胰组织结构的变化和胰淀肽沉积情况,探讨胰淋巴瘀滞对胰岛激素和糖代谢的影响.30只10月龄SD大鼠随机分为实验组和对照组;造模后6个月取胰组织标本,经石蜡包埋和切片,常规HE和刚果红染色,冰冻切片胰淀肽免疫组织化学染色后光镜观察;在胸导管结扎前、后及实验动物处死前,分别取静脉血测血糖、胰岛素和C-肽.结果显示:1)实验组动物胰组织切片的HE和刚果红染色光镜观察显示,胰腺小叶和胰岛的组织间隙明显增宽,而且胰岛普遍表现为朱红色刚果红着色现象;2)胰淀肽免疫组织化学染色切片的光镜观察表明,在实验组动物的胰岛及其周围,普遍呈现胰淀肽免疫反应强阳性棕褐色着色反应;3)实验组大鼠术后血糖明显升高,血清胰岛素水平下降,与对照组相比差异显著,然而C-肽水平的变化不明显.胰组织结构的变化提示,结扎胸导管可导致胰淋巴引流障碍、胰腺内脂肪堆积、胰岛及其周围胰淀肽沉积、胰岛细胞功能受损、血中胰岛素浓度下降和血糖水平升高.     

胰岛β细胞的再生途径

摘要: 胰岛 β 细胞的再生对于糖尿病的治疗具有非常重要的意义。研究显示胰腺在特定条件下,如被部分切除或 受到伤害时,胰岛细胞会代偿性再生。胰岛 β 细胞的再生包括 β 细胞的自我增殖和 α 细胞、胰腺导管上皮细胞、胰 腺前体细胞以及腺泡细胞等细胞的再分化。利用分泌胰岛素的胰腺 β 细胞的再生对糖尿病患者进行治疗成为当 今关注的热点,本文就胰岛再生途径的研究进展作简要综述。     

兔心房来源非心肌细胞的分离培养

建立一种兔心房组织来源的非心肌细胞体外培养模型,为心血管药理实验、病毒学实验及组织工程的研究提供实验平台.无菌条件下取兔心房壁组织,将组织分离成2 mm×1 mm小块,采用植块法以5行4列的形式种植于培养瓶中,加入M199或MEM培养基对兔心房组织进行原代培养.待长成单层时胰酶消化收集细胞,并进行传代培养和细胞冻存.该方法获得了大量活力良好的兔心房壁组织来源的非心肌细胞,倒置镜下观察细胞多呈短梭形,以及少量的三角形、柱形和卵圆形细胞,细胞核部位隆突,胞浆均匀清亮.经体外传代培养至16代,冷冻复苏以后,细胞仍生长良好.     

中华鳖组织学研究Ⅱ．肝和胰

取中华鳖肝、胰组织数块，Bouin’s液固定，石蜡包坦，HE染色。观察结果表明：中华鳖肝内结缔组织极少，肝小叶分界不清；肝细胞体积大，核染色深；肝内有淋巴组织的存在。胰腺内分泌细胞零散分布；以单个细胞或几个细胞的分布方式为主；胰岛外周仅有极少量的结缔组织，致使内、外分泌部得以充分密切地接触。     

从人胎胰腺分离完整胰岛的方法

采用 Hanks’(4℃)液自胰管灌注使胰腺膨胀,或用多点注射法使胰腺浆膜扩张,整个胰腺则清晰可见,此时迅速摘除并清除它周围的血管及结缔组织,用Hanks’液清洗整个胰腺并将它快速剪碎,然后加入胶原酶、胰酶消化,再经过滤和 Ficoll 密度梯度离心,使人胎胰腺中的胰岛有效地被分离并将其收集。胰岛的纯度达80％,通过体外活染,表明胰岛具有活性。通过放免法测定,游离胰岛及胰岛分散为单个细胞的分泌能力正常,在离体中对葡萄糖急性刺激能产生反应。     

巴马小型猪胰腺解剖学特点

摘要:胰腺是重要的消化器官。 以往关于猪胰腺的解剖组织学研究,主要侧重于血管和导管的分布。 本研究利用本课题和其他课题中的 24 头对照组动物,观察和测定巴马小型猪胰腺的组织形态学数据。 结果表明:巴马小型猪的胰腺形态变异较大,大体结构可分为 3 个叶,即脾叶、十二指肠叶和连接叶;初步分为 3 种类型,即标准型、纤细型和粗壮型;24 头猪中,3 种类型分别占比 16 / 24、6 / 24 和 2 / 24。 胰腺占比体质量的 0. 09% ~ 0. 15%。 巴马小型猪的胰岛普遍较小,以超小胰岛居多。 胰岛占比胰腺的 1. 52% ~ 4. 98%。 胰岛 β 细胞占比体质量的 0. 012‰ ~ 0. 024‰。     

Aurora-A对2型糖尿病小鼠模型中胰岛细胞增殖的影响

为研究Aurora-A在2型糖尿病小鼠中对胰岛细胞增殖的影响,通过Western blot、免疫组织化学染色、增殖细胞核抗原(proliferating cell nucler antigen,PCNA)染色等方法研究了Aurora-A在2型糖尿病小鼠胰腺组织中的表达以及抑制AuroraA后糖尿病小鼠胰岛细胞的增殖情况。将32只雄性C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为4组,每组8只,分别为空白组、高脂饮食组、模型组和治疗组。模型组和治疗组采用高脂饲料(high fat diet,HFD)联合链脲佐霉素(Streptozotocin,STZ)腹腔注射造模,造模成功后治疗组以Aurora-A抑制剂连续灌胃2周;模型组则以等量的生理盐水灌胃。经药物干预后采用PCNA染色检测各组小鼠胰岛细胞的增殖情况。结果表明:与空白组相比,Aurora-A在模型组胰腺组织中明显表达升高;与模型组相比,治疗组小鼠经Aurora-A抑制剂治疗后胰岛细胞增殖率明显降低。可见,Aurora-A在2型糖尿病小鼠胰腺组织中表达升高;并对胰岛细胞的增殖起着重要的作用。     

黄参多糖对四氧嘧啶损伤胰岛细胞的保护作用

以离体培养的大鼠胰岛β细胞为研究对象,探讨黄参多糖的降血糖作用及可能机制。用四氧嘧啶损伤胰岛细胞建立糖尿病损伤模型,以不同浓度的黄参多糖作用于四氧嘧啶损伤的胰岛细胞,用MTT法测细胞存活率;放射免疫法检测葡萄糖刺激性胰岛素分泌量的变化;用比色法检测胰岛细胞超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)指标的变化。结果表明黄参多糖可以减少四氧嘧啶对胰岛细胞的损伤,增加细胞存活率;在2.8mmol·L-1、16.7mmol·L-1葡萄糖刺激下,黄参多糖剂量依赖性地促进了胰岛素分泌;黄参多糖能使胰岛细胞的MDA含量减少,同时增强了SOD的活性。总之,一定浓度范围的黄参多糖对损伤胰岛细胞的保护作用可能与黄参多糖能够增加细胞清除自由基能力,提高细胞存活率,促进胰岛素分泌量有关。     

诱导胰腺干细胞再生胰岛治疗糖尿病的研究

近年来,随着免疫抑制剂的改进及细胞移植技术的不断成熟,胰岛细胞移植已成为治愈Ⅰ型和部分Ⅱ型糖尿病的有效治疗方法,而胰岛供体短缺的矛盾亦更为突出．胰腺干细胞是一类存在于胎儿或成年胰腺组织中的成体干细胞．体外分离、克隆胰腺干细胞,并定向诱导其分化为功能性胰岛移植治疗糖尿病,是解决胰岛供体短缺的有效途径．目前,该研究已成为组织细胞工程研究的又一热点．文中综述了这一领域研究的最新进展．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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