Effects of biological pre-treatment of pine chips on the beating performance of Kraft pulp

The Calabrien pine (Pinus brutia) wood chips prior to kraft pulping were biologically pre-treated with selected white-rot fungi (Ceriporiopsis subvermispora), which was recorded to be preferentially attacking the lignin component of the wood. The effects of this treatment on beating performance and physical strength of resultant papers were studied in detail. Bio-treated samples showed comparable and, in most cases, higher physico-mechanical properties than those obtained from untreated controls. Under the same beating conditions the bio-treated kraft pulp was noted to have the lower SR° indicating a lower degree of external fibrillation. The paper made from bio-treated kraft pulp has a higher density, tensile property, air permeability and swellability. Furthermore, remarkable energy savings up to 33 % were observed when beating bio-treated kraft pulp. This study contributes to a better understanding of the mechanisms taking place during bio-treatment and the modification processes of cell wall components.     

混合商品桉木片原料硫酸盐浆氧脱木素工艺优化

针对混合商品桉木片硫酸盐法制浆漂白过程强度损失较为严重问题,利用正交实验方法完成混合商品桉木片硫酸盐浆氧脱木素工艺优化,确定在NaOH用量2%、时间60,min、温度100,℃、氧压0.5,MPa、MgSO4用量0.2%的条件下,纸浆的打浆度为15°SR,其抗张指数达到39,N·m/g以上,黏度780,mL/g.通过单因素实验,进一步探讨氧脱木素工艺中NaOH用量对于纸浆性能的影响,提出氧脱木素工段NaOH用量与纸浆黏度、卡伯值分别具有线性关系:Yη=-17.84,XNaOH+829.92,R2=0.989,8;Ykappa=-0.62,X NaOH+10.56,R2=0.995,9.     

RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF WOOD DENSITY AND CARBOHYDRATE CONTENT ON PULPING YIELD AND PRODUCT QUALITY

INTRODUCTIONPulp quality depends on wood quality and pulping process conditions. Wood quality is a result of forestry management practices and a combination of genetic, physical, anatomical and chemical characteristics of the wood [35]. Eucalypt pulps are desired for printing and writing and for tissue paper grades due to their anatomical and chemical characteristics. It has been shown that wood density exerts significant influence on pulp quality [21]. This parameter, together with volum…     

EFFECTS OF PROCESSING OPERATIONS ON ZETA POTENTIAL AND CATIONIC DEMAND OF PULPS

Thc zeta potential and cationic demands of various kraft pulps - unbleached, bleached and beaten to different freeness levels were determined in the laboratory. The zeta potential of pulp where the final stage was a lignin degrading and dissolving treatment such as alkaline extraction or hypochlorite was lower than the unbleached pulp. The cationic demand of unbleached pulp was higher compared to that of bleached pulp. Beaten pulps showed larger cationic demands than the unbeaten pulps, which can be attributed to the larger specific surface area of pulp components. Fibres become increasingly electronegative when beaten and therefore cationic demand of pulps increases with beating. When the zeta potential method is used with furnishes of different freeness,the linear relationship is observed. However, the slope is decreasing with the decrease in freeness of the pulp.     

4种竹材硫酸盐浆与马尾松木浆配抄纸袋纸和牛皮纸

对4种竹材硫酸盐浆与马尾松木浆配抄纸袋纸和牛皮纸进行了研究和比较。结果表明，慈竹最容易蒸煮而且纸浆得率和强度最高，桉竹次之，甜竹不如桉竹，麻竹最差。当竹浆配入量为20%时，慈竹浆和桉竹浆配抄的纸袋纸的强度比甜竹浆和麻竹浆配抄的纸袋纸高，其某些强度甚至比100%马尾松木浆抄造的纸袋纸还高；慈竹浆配抄的牛皮纸的各项强度较桉竹浆配抄的牛皮纸高，甚至超过100%马尾松木浆抄造的牛皮纸。     

SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS BETWEEN BIRCH CHEMICAL MECHANICAL PULPS AND ASPEN BLEACHED KRAFT PULP

INTRODUCTIONIn papermaking, it is very often that more than one type (or grade) of pulps are used to develop paper sheet properties necessary for both machine runnability and requirement from the end users. In many high end paper grades (e.g., various high brightness printing/writing papers), long fiber from softwood bleached kraft pulp traditionally is often used in combination with short fiber from hardwood bleached kraft pulp (HBKP). In this combination, the long fiber component provi…     

华南湿地松EMCC制浆过程中木素结构的变化

以华南湿地松为原料制备卡伯值为16－32的常规硫酸盐浆和深化脱木素的改良硫酸盐（EMCC）浆，从木材和纸浆中分离木素，利用^13C-NMR和^31P-NMR技术表征木素样品的结构，研究制浆过程中木素结构的变化。结果表明，从木材和纸浆中分离出来的木素结构是不同的；制浆方法影响纸浆残余木素的结构特征，包括脂肪羟基、酚羟基和羧基含量，β－O－4结构和缩合结构含量，对常规硫酸盐浆和改良硫酸盐浆，卡伯值较低的纸浆残余木素脂肪羟基和β－O－4结构含量较低，酚羟基、羧基和缩合结构含量较高，当卡伯值相同时，EMCC木素的脂肪羟基和酚羟基含量较低，β－O－4结构和羧基含量较高，综合结构含量相近。     

未漂硫酸盐针叶木浆的酶促打浆

研究了生物酶对未漂硫酸盐针叶木浆酶促打浆后打浆度和纸浆物理性能的影响,确定了酶促打浆的最佳工艺条件,探讨了BIO-RE100半纤维素酶在最佳打浆工艺下对打浆功耗的影响．研究结果表明,生物酶处理最佳工艺条件是：温度为40℃、酶用量为1000g／t、pH值为6、时间为60min．在此最佳条件下使用生物酶预处理浆料,打浆功耗可以降低33％,纸浆物理性能有所提高．扫描电镜分析结果表明,纤维表面剥蚀程度较大,细纤维化程度有所提高,纸浆纤维切断较少．     

IMPACT OF COOKING HOMOGENEITY ON PULP STRENGTH PROPERTIES

Cooking homogeneity of kraft pulping can have significant impact on pulp strength properties. We have studied cooking homogeneity of two kraft digesters within Stora Enso. One of the digesters is a one-vessel hydraulic continuous digester (digester A)and the other one is a two-vessel vapor/liquor phase continuous digester (digester B). They are located in the same mill and use the same softwood chip quality. Due to the differences in chip pre-steaming and cooking facilities and conditions, significant differences in pulp strength properties, reject contents and kappa variations have been found between the pulps produced in the two digesters. Digester A has a modem chip bin with efficient pre-heating and air removal, whereas digester B has poor chip pre-steaming conditions. Our strength delivery studies show that although the two digesters produce pulps with the same kappa number and viscosity, the pulp produced in digester A has about 20% higher strength delivery, l%-unit (based on wood) lower reject content and lower kappa variations based on FTIR spectra analysis on pulp sheet than the pulp produced in digester B.Results of the studies indicate that more homogeneous cooking, i.e., lower lignin/kappa variation in the fibers, leads to improved pulp strength properties. Efficient chip pre-steaming is important/essential for achieving homogeneous cooking. Rebuilding the equipment for improving chip pre-steaming conditions of digester B is to be carried out.     

STUDY ON THE ELEMENTAL CHLORINE FREE BLEACHING OF BAMBOO KRAFT PULP

1INTRODUCTIONChina is a country using the most variety of non-wood fiber raw material and is the largest country producing non-wood fiber pulp and paper in the world[1]. Bamboo is one kind of the main non-wood species for papermaking in China. Although the structure of raw materials for papermaking has being adjusted through increasing the proportion of wood pulp and by effectively utilizing waste paper source, non-wood species will still remain an important fiber resource[1,2].At present…     

阳离子淀粉在草浆上的吸附行为

研究了阳离子淀粉在不同种类的草浆上的吸附行为。结果表明,草浆比木浆更有利于原淀粉的吸附;阳离子淀粉的吸附速率和吸附率由草浆种类所决定;原淀粉在麦草化学 的吸附率随打浆度升高而降低,而阳离子淀粉的情况则与此相反;原淀粉和阳离子淀粉在渣机械浆上的吸附率都较低。不同浆种的纤维形态特征和表面电荷密度的差异可解释上述结果。     

EMAL的分离及其特性

介绍了一种从纤维原料和硫酸盐浆中高效分离木素的新方法——酶解后的酸处理法（Enzymatic／Acidolysis）,得到的木素称为EMAL（Enzymatic／Acidolysis Lignin）,对分离过程中酶降解及酸水解阶段的主要影响因素做了详细的阐述．EMAL木素的得率是传统的磨木木素（MWL）的2～3倍,纯度也略高于MWL．分析表明,以木材为原料的EMAL与相应的MWL相比,两者之间在结构上没有明显的差别．同时,针对非木材类纤维原料的实验结果表明,EMAL的得率远高于相应的MWL,两者纯度相当．     

硫酸盐木浆漂白前木聚糖酶预处理的研究

研究了木聚糖酶用于硫酸盐木浆 H2 O2 漂白前预处理的工艺条件 ,结果表明 ,预处理最佳工艺条件为 :酶用量为每克浆 2 0 IU ,时间 3h,浆浓为 6 %。在相同的 H2 O2 漂白条件下 ,经酶处理后的浆料白度可提高 2 %～ 3% SBD。     

意大利杨木制浆造纸性能的研究——碱性亚硫酸钠-蒽醌法

<正>一、前言 碱性亚硫酸钠制浆方法使用氢氧化钠和亚硫酸钠为蒸煮液。其优点是:纸浆得率高,易漂白,纸浆的强度性能与硫酸盐浆相接近,并且不会产生硫酸盐蒸煮及回收系统所散发的恶臭硫化物,等等。因此,近年来国内外采用碱性亚硫酸钠制浆方法,对针阔叶木、芦竹、麦草等进行了一些试验研究。 碱性亚硫酸钠法蒸煮温度一般要比硫酸盐法高10—15℃,化学品用量也要高20％(或者蒸煮时间延长5倍)。最近发现,蒽醌在碱性亚硫酸钠法蒸煮中具有加速脱木素催化作用,因此,上述缺点可以通过添加蒽醌来弥补。 本试验以意大利杨木为原料,研究了碱性亚硫酸钠一蒽醌法制浆条件及其对浆质量和得率的影响规律。     

耐热木聚糖酶助漂针叶木硫酸盐浆的研究

探讨了嗜热真菌耐热木聚糖酶助漂针叶木硫酸盐浆的应用前景.着重研究了应用耐热木聚糖酶进行生物助漂的酶用量、酶处理的pH值以及漂白用氯量等影响因素.结果表明,在不影响纸浆的各项性能的情况下,经酶处理的纸浆白度相比对照增加1.06%~5.11%ISO.同时,酶处理纸浆漂白时可减少漂白用氯量.另外,在偏碱性条件下进行酶处理对纸浆漂白效果的影响较为显著.纸浆纤维的扫描电镜结果显示,酶未对纤维造成损伤,而是改善了纸浆纤维的可漂性.该耐热木聚糖酶非常适宜应用于酶助漂.     

针叶材制浆性能影响因素的回归分析

为研究针叶材制浆性能的影响因素，选择了上有代表性的针叶材种，在各自最佳的硫酸盐法蒸煮条件下，制得相同硬度的浆料（卡伯价３０±２），再在相同条件下进行浆料的打浆试验、漂白试验与强度试验，将试验结果进行回归分析，建立化学组成和制浆得率、纤维形态和裂断长的回归方程。结果表明所建的回归方程相关显著，预报精度高，作为预测模型是完全可行的，这对造纸原料的栽培与利用有相当的实用价值。     

低龄厚荚相思木的制浆造纸性能

对3年和6年生厚英相思,在各自的最佳硫酸盐法蒸煮工艺条件下,制取相近硬度的浆料,比较蒸煮、打浆、强度及漂白性能,进而对其制浆性能进行综合评价。     

麦草碱—乙醇浆性能的初步研究

对纤维分离点处的麦草碱—乙醇浆,麦草苛性钠浆的打浆性能和纸页物理性能的比较发现:麦草碱—乙醇浆得率高12%(绝对值)左右,浆料易打浆,但相同打浆度下,纸页抗撕裂性能较差、脆裂度较大。脱除其部分残余木素后纸页性能得到改善。不论何种浆,打浆过程中纤维形态结构以及纤维的超分子结构的变化都较大地影响纸页的脆性。     

PEROXYACID ENHANCED OXYGEN DELIGNIFICATION OF KRAFT PULP

1INTRODUCTIONNew pulping and bleaching technologies, which do not use chlorine-base chemicals, continue to be developed in the pulp and paper industry worldwide to meet stricter environmental regulation and increased public environmental awareness. ECF (Element-chlorine-free) and TCF (Total-chlorine-free) bleaching sequence had been used in bleaching plant to reduce the amount of chlorinated organic compounds in the bleach plant effluent. Oxygen delignification was gradually becoming a …     

漂白麦草浆的表面化学特性

对漂白麦草浆（BWAP）各筛分级分的化学组成及表面化学特性进行了分析。结果表明：戊糖含量基本相近，约21％；灰分含量随着网目数的增而增大，P105的灰分含量高出全浆的35％；纤维长度在1.3mm以上的浆料占24％，而长度在0.4mm以下的浆料达40％。每100gBWAP的羧基含量为9．3mmol，明显高出木浆的羧基含量，R105和P105的羧基含量超过全浆。P105的比表面积是全浆的2．34倍，是R28的3．30倍。BWAP的Zeata电位大于化学木浆，除R38电位值较小外，其余级分相差不大。