一种基于流形距离核的谱聚类和量子聚类融合算法

谱聚类是一种基于图谱划分理论的聚类算法,本质上是将聚类问题转化为图的最优划分问题;量子聚类可以充分挖掘数据样本的内在信息,是一种基于划分的无监督聚类算法.为了充分发挥谱聚类算法和量子聚类算法的优势,本文提出了一种基于流形距离核的谱聚类和量子聚类融合算法(MFD-NJW-QC).首先,计算数据集的流形距离核矩阵,构造相应的拉普拉斯矩阵;其次,根据拉普拉斯矩阵的若干最大特征值对应的特征向量构造新数据集,并使用量子聚类算法对新构造的数据集进行聚类,从而得到原始数据的类标签;最后,基于7个人工数据集和5个UCI数据集验证MFD-NJW-QC算法的聚类性能.结果显示,MFD-NJW-QC算法能够明显提高聚类性能,尤其对于具有流形结构,且类簇大小不平衡、密度分布不均匀的数据集优势更为突出.     

一种新的支持向量机混合集成算法

针对基于Boosting和Bagging的集成算法不能有效提高"强学习器"泛化性能的问题,融合Boosting的样本扰动和快速核独立分量分析的特征扰动以生成若干个体支持向量分类器,使生成的训练样本集具有较大的差异性。然后基于模糊核聚类算法根据各个体支持向量机在验证集上的泛化误差选择最优个体进行集成。实验结果表明该算法能进一步提高支持向量机分类器的泛化性能,而且具有较强的稳定性。     

基于数据模糊性的PU学习研究

PU学习是指从正例样本和无标记样本中训练分类器的一种学习方法.针对传统PU学习中所含初始正例过少,难以有效地从无标记样本中选出可靠负例,且分类过程易受噪声点影响等问题.本文提出了一种基于数据模糊性来提取无标记样本中有效信息的PU学习方法:先对正例无标记样本集进行半监督聚类,选出靠近正例样本的低模糊度数据来扩充初始正例集,并选择远离正例样本的低模糊度数据作为可靠负例;再剪辑掉无标记样本中高模糊度数据;最后在扩充后的正例样本集和可靠负例集上训练分类器,对初始无标记样本集进行分类.在标准数据集上的对比实验证实了提出算法的有效性.     

面向不均衡小样本训练集的改进Boosting算法

传统的Boosting算法训练出的分类器常会出现过拟合和向多数类偏移.为此,提出一种基于自适应样本注入和特征置换的Boosting学习算法,通过在训练过程中加入人工合成样本,逐渐平衡训练集,并通过合成的样本对分类器学习进行扰动,使分类器选择更多有效的特征,提高了分类器的泛化能力.最后,在两类和多类图片分类问题上对该算法的有效性进行了考察,实验结果表明,该算法能够在样本数很少,且正负样本数量极不均衡的情况下,有效提高booting算法的泛化能力.     

半监督模糊聚类及其应用

提出了一种拓展的半监督模糊聚类模型,给出求解这个模型的迭代公式.这种半监督聚类能够合理、有效地利用部分已标识样本的类别信息对未标识样本产生影响,从而提高半聚类算法的聚类效果.其隶属度和聚类中心的迭代公式具有和FCM算法一样简洁的表示.在黄瓜数据集上的聚类分析表明,新提出的半监督聚类优于未改进的两种半监督算法、FCM算法和线性判别方法.     

一种基于流形距离的迭代优化聚类算法

针对传统欧氏距离测度描述复杂结构的数据分布会失效的问题,引入能有效反映样本集固有的全局一致性信息的流形距离作为样本间相似度度量测度,并设计了反映类内相似度大、类间相似度小的聚类目标的准则函数,把数据聚类转化成准则函数优化问题,提出了一种迭代优化的聚类算法.通过4个人工数据集的仿真试验结果表明,新方法的参数很少且实现简单,由于实现过程中没有引入随机操作,因此结果比较确定.与标准k均值算法相比,新方法能够自动确定聚类数目,对于样本空间分布复杂的聚类问题具有良好的分类效果.     

一种基于Seeds集和成对约束的主动半监督聚类算法

针对半监督聚类算法中监督信息使用不充分,监督信息中信息含有量低的问题,提出一种结合主动学习的半监督聚类算法.首先结合使用数据的类别标记和成对约束信息,指导Kmeans聚类过程,设计出一种基于Seeds集和成对约束的半监督聚类算法SC-Kmeans;其次将主动学习算法引入到SC-Kmeans中,以尽量小的代价选取信息含有量更高的监督信息,提高SC-Kmeans算法的聚类精度;最后在UCI标准数据集上进行仿真实验.实验结果表明,该算法取得了较好的聚类效果,有效提高了聚类准确率.     

基于半监督学习的单类分类器

半监督学习是一种利用有标记样本和无标记样本进行学习的新的机器学习方法。针对单分类中只有目标类标记样本和大量无标记样本的情况,提出了一种基于半监督学习的单类分类算法。利用已标识的有标记样本建立两个单类分类器,通过相互学习来挖掘未标记样本中的隐含信息,扩大有标记样本的数量。利用所有已标识样本,用不同的单分类方法建立多个单类分类器,通过集成学习的方法得到最终的分类器。在UCI数据集上进行了实验,表明提出的基于半监督学习的单类分类器的有效性。     

基于局部线性嵌入的半监督仿射传播聚类算法

针对运用半监督仿射传播聚类算法处理高维数据时聚类精度低和计算量大的问题,提出一种基于局部线性嵌入的半监督仿射传播聚类算法.该算法首先通过LLE算法将高维输入数据集映射到低维空间得到低维数据集,计算低维数据集的相似度矩阵,再用半监督算法调整相似度矩阵,最后用仿射传播聚类算法对低维数据进行聚类分析.仿真结果表明,本文提出的算法与半监督仿射传播聚类算法相比,在处理高维数据时聚类效果更好,精度更高,迭代次数更少.     

基于自适应流形正则化自表示的无监督特征选择算法

针对基于流形正则化自表示(MRSR)的无监督特征选择算法直接从原始的样本空间构造相似矩阵可能会 导致重构空间中样本的相似性描述得不够准确的问题,提出了基于自适应流形正则化自表示的无监督特征选择 (AMRSR)算法。 基于自适应流形正则化自表示的无监督特征选择算法在 MRSR 算法的基础上通过对相似矩阵施 加概率最近邻约束将相似矩阵的学习嵌入到优化过程中,在重构空间中自适应地学习样本的相似性,使得在每一 次迭代中获取更加精确的样本局部几何流形结构,从而选择具有代表性且保持局部几何流形结构的特征。 最后, 在四个公开数据集上进行了大量的对比实验,通过将算法的特征选择结果用于 K-means 聚类并采取两种常见的聚 类评价指标:聚类精确度和归一化互信息评价聚类效果。 实验结果表明,AMRSR 算法与现有的一些算法相比有更 高的聚类精确度和归一化互信息,进一步表明该算法特征选择效果更好。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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