变压器绝缘纸热阻特性的理论分析与实验研究

利用双热流计法设计实验,在同一温度下对不同厚度绝缘纸的热阻进行测量,得到关于单位面积热阻与厚度的关系,通过对实验数据的分析实现接触热阻和体热阻的分离,以求得该温度下绝缘纸的导热系数和接触热阻。由AFM表面微观形貌图对每个热流通道的接触分热阻建立锥截体模型,并选用Hertz弹性模型描述接触表面的弹性形变,再利用高斯分布求得表面凸起的接触概率,即可求得表面接触热阻的大小,实验结果表明,绝缘纸的平均导热系数为0. 069 8W/(m·K),绝缘纸与紫铜间面积接触热阻为0. 002 67m~2K/W,接触热阻的数值计算值为0. 002 45 m~2K/W。绝缘纸与紫铜间面积接触热阻的实验值与数值分析结果的相对偏差为8. 98%。     

粗糙表面接触热阻的分形描述

空间制冷系统对精密探测元件的冷却是通过固体接触导热实现的，在真空低温环境下，它的冷却效果取决于界面的接触热阻．为了研究真空下接触界面的传热机理及其影响因素，采用Cantor集分形理论对固体粗糙表面的拓扑形貌进行了描述，基于固体的弹塑性理论解决了塑性守恒条件下的表面粗糙度在法向载荷作用下的变形问题，推导出基于分形理论的递归接触热阻网络模型理论．同实验数据的比较表明，理论计算和实验结果吻合良好，该模型能较好地描述接触界面的传热现象．     

基于分形理论的石墨泡沫新材料导热系数

新型导热材料石墨泡沫具有很好的热物理性质.文中应用分形理论讨论了这种新型多孔材料的分形特性,并在此基础上建立了石墨泡沫材料的导热模型.采用热阻法给出了石墨泡沫材料的等效导热系数的关系式.在空腔边长为200～500μm,对应的体孔隙率为82%～73%条件下,计算了石墨泡沫的体积分形雏数和等效导热系数.这种新的研究方法对多孔材料热物性研究有一定指导意义.     

南京地区典型土体热学特性与预测模型

介绍了热探针测试技术及其理论,采用非稳态热探针对南京地区的黏土、粉土、细砂和粗砂4种不同岩土材料进行热阻系数测试,研究不同干密度条件下含水量改变引起的土体热阻系数的变化规律.研究结果表明:非稳态热探针可有效测试土体热阻系数;土体热阻系数随含水量增加而减小,当含水量接近或超过临界含水量时,热阻系数趋于常数;临界含水量由土体固有的基本特性所决定;干密度越小,热阻系数越大;热阻系数随颗粒粒径的增大而减小,颗粒粒径对土体热传导特性的影响还与其他因素密切相关.最后针对现有热阻模型存在的不足,基于试验结果和现有模型,提出考虑多因素的土体热阻预测模型,并通过算例验证了该模型的有效性和可靠度.     

高速压制粉末散体空间的分形维数及导热的分形模型

基于分形理论建立了利用粉末散体空间的堆积密度、粉末颗粒的密度和孙隙介质的密度来计算粉末散体空间分形雏数的表达式;同时利用等效热阻法建立了粉末散体空间有效热导率的并联分形模型,并给出了考虑热辐射贡献的有效导热率的计算公式.通过分形雏数和有效热导率计算公式的函数图像分析了堆积密度对分形雏敷以及分形雏数、温度对有效热导率的影响,结果表明粉末散体空间分形雏数随堆积密度增大而增大,有效导热率随分形雏数增大而增大,随温度升度而增大.     

基于暖体假人实验的防刺服热阻和湿阻研究

为有效提高防护服装舒适性、降低人员体力消耗、加快人体防护装备研制与开发,开展了利用出汗暖体假人测量防刺服在不同环境下的热阻与湿阻特性的研究.根据国际标准,假人只适用于常温环境下服装的热阻和湿阻测量.对原有热阻模型进行修正,结合热电偶测量方法以及暖体假人测量技术,实现高温下防刺服热阻和湿阻测量.在温、湿度可控制的气候室内,设置不同环境工况,获得两套防刺服的热阻和湿阻特性,比较了不同防刺基板材料对防刺服热阻和湿阻的影响,以及防刺服不同部位热阻和湿阻的差异.实验结果表明,防刺服热阻随着温度升高而降低;而湿阻随着环境温度升高而增大,随着湿度增加而减少.      

基于球型填充相复合材料有效导热系数的计算

文章运用数值单元体法建立了计算填充二硫化钼聚甲醛基复合材料有效导热系数的模型,提出了用有限元法和用求单元体模型的等效热阻来确定该复合材料等效导热系数2种计算方法,通过计算表明2种方法的计算结果比较接近,并运用上述方法研究了二硫化钼含量对聚甲醛基复合材料导热系数的影响规律.     

新型铜颗粒填充的液态金属热界面材料导热性能实验研究

为强化界面传热,研制了一种以铜颗粒为填充材料、Ga62.5In21.5Sn16液态金属为基体的新型复合热界面材料,并对其导热性能进行了测试。首先将所制备的热界面材料放置在两片铜片之间,制备3层结构试样,然后利用激光导热仪测量所制备试样的导热性能,并计算相应试样的接触热阻。实验结果表明:铜颗粒填充型液态金属可以大大提高氧化后液态金属作为热界面材料的性能,利用铜粉质量分数分别为5%和10%的液态金属所制备的试样,导热系数和接触热阻分别为(200.33±15.66)、(233.08±18.07)W/(m·K)和(7.955±0.627)、(5.621±0.437)mm2·K/W,较利用氧化后液态金属所制备试样的导热系数分别约提高了68%和96%,接触热阻分别约降低了57%和70%,并可以有效降低液态金属的流动性,从而减少液态金属在使用过程中溢出现象的发生。     

高速电主轴力-热耦合特性建模

针对高速电主轴工作在力热耦合状态下,结合部刚度、阻尼、热阻等物理参数确定及结合部的精确计算困难等问题,采用分形接触理论和赫兹接触理论,研究了高速电主轴固定结合部和可动结合部的力-热耦合特性,建立了高速电主轴结构界面的物理表征方法.在此基础上,提出了一种考虑结合部特性的高速电主轴力-热耦合建模及其数值方法,并结合机床高速电主轴实验测试,验证了该方法的有效性.     

考虑临界变形量变化的结合面法向接触刚度计算模型

考虑微凸体接触过程中临界变形量变化,建立结合面法向接触刚度计算模型.采用分形几何表征结合面的形貌特征,由表面形貌测量数据得到分形函数的分形参数D和G.采用弹塑性变形接触理论分析微凸体的接触变形特征,得到微凸体的临界变形量估计模型,其是分形参数和微凸体接触变形量的函数,进而得到考虑临界变形量变化的单个微凸体的接触刚度计算模型.由分形理论得到粗糙表面微凸体分布函数,微凸体分布函数与单个微凸体接触刚度计算模型结合得到结合面的法向接触刚度计算模型.通过对比计算结果与实验数据,验证了所提模型的合理性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with