玛纳斯河流域的径流与洪水特征分析

为掌握玛纳斯河流域的径流与洪水特性，更好地发挥玛纳斯河在工农业生产和防洪工作的重要作用，本文根据玛纳斯河上游肯斯瓦特水文站多年水文观测资料，对玛纳斯河的径流与洪水特征进行了阐述与分析。结果表明，冰川是玛纳斯河流域径流的主要补给源，影响该流域径流年际、年内变化的主要因素是降水和气温，其径流年内分配集中在6～8月，径流过程略滞后于气温和降水过程。     

大沽河干流青岛段水环境容量研究

本文根据大沽河的水流特性和水文、水质实测资料，利用QUAL2E综合水质模型，分析确定了大沽河干流丰水期和平水期的水环境容量。又利用水库水环境容量的计算方法，确定了大沽河干流枯水期的水环境容量。大沽河干流水环境容量的确定，可用于河流的水质模拟和预测，为实施大沽河污染物总量控制提供基础资料，为大沽河流域水污染控制的管理和决策提供科学依据。     

金堤河干流治理浅议

金堤河水患每年都给下游沿河百姓的生命财产带来威胁。本文就其洪灾成因，进行了较为详细的分析，对金堤河干流的治理提出了大胆设想。     

从龙沟河闸泄洪情况谈龙沟河调尾

本文简要分析了龙沟河现状以及武障河闸、北六塘河闸、义泽河闸等闸泄洪潜力,并提出相应治理措施,这也体现龙沟河调尾带来十分巨大的经济效益和社会效益。     

上海境内苏州河铅污染研究

采用化学分析的方法研究铅在苏州河河水、底泥中的存在形态及其迁移转化，从而为苏州河整体整治提供科学依据，本实验结果表明：苏州河水中铅主要以颗粒态存在，从上游到下游共百分含量呈现逐渐降低的趋势。底泥中的铅主要以有机质，硫化物结合态等不稳定化学结合态存在。底泥是苏州河重金属铅的主要“滞留库”。     

南沙河全段水质调查报告

调查了南沙河水质污染的情况，分析了造成污染的原因，提出了治理南沙河污染的几点建议。     

关川河(安家庄段)堤防工程中的河床河相关系及稳定性分析

定西市安定区关川河,由于历史上经常出现洪涝灾害,对当地居民的生产生活造成了严重的威胁。本文从河道的横断面、纵断面及平面3个方面分析了目前关川河河床河相的形态及稳定性,以为后期的河道治理做理论方面的支持。     

道家情怀与二月河、唐浩明小说的境界

道家文化对于二月河、唐浩明的历史小说创作产生了重要影响。道家思想精髓不仅使二月河、唐浩明获取了匡扶人性扭曲的有利资源，其关于个体独立的精神诉求也启悟作家以一种大胆超异的视角去把握历史的内在精神，并取得了成功。考镜道家文化对当代历史小说创作的滋养，对于学术文化视野下拓展历史小说研究畛域，加强学术研究的薄弱环节而言，具有重要意义。     

滏阳河分灌区水环境问题及对策探讨

本文根据滏阳河分灌区水环境的现状,分析了滏阳河分灌区水污染的原因,提出了相应的对策和措施,为滏阳河污染治理提供参考.     

甘肃省长江流域入河排污口核查管理问题探讨

为进一步加强入河排污口监督管理,全面促进水资源保护工作,对入河排污口设置情况进行核查与分析,以全面、系统掌握流域入河排污口及潜在污染源基本情况。本文结合工作实践就入河排污口核查管理的几个主要问题进行初步探讨。     

长江上游生态修复与重点区域治理研究

在分析水土流失对洪水、河道影响与洪灾形成的基础上，通过比较分析与实地考察，阐述了四川省域水土保持在长江上游生态建设中的地位。指出了长江上生态修复的重点区域，并就治理对策作了分析探讨。     

新安江上游水土流失成因初探

作者于八十年代中期实地考察了新安江上游的环境质量。本文对该流域的水土流失程度和形成原因进行了初步探讨。该流域存在有四种形成水土流失的潜在因素即地形地貌特殊,降雨集中且强度大、土垠质地低劣、温差变动幅度大。近三十几年来,该流域水土流失日益加剧,这主要是流域的植被、土垠、水分三个生态因子失去了动态平衡,生态环境遭到了严重的破坏。     

浅析引黄北干水土保持监测

在做好水土保持责任范围防治工作的同时 ,必须对人为水土流失重点地段进行水土保持监测。文章通过对引黄北干线工程监测的分析 ,为实现水保方案的六项目标和同类型项目的水土保持防治措施规划设计提供了依据。     

Impacts of Soil.Water Conservation in Jialing River on Sedimentation of the Three Gorges Reservoir

The Jialing River is one of the main tributaries of the Yangtze River. The average annual runoff accounts for 16 % and the sediment load 26% of the total at Yichang therefore it＇s one of the main contributors of sediment to the Three Gorges Reservoir. Ever since 1989, our country has implemented ＂Yangtze River soil and water conservation＂ project, Till the end of 1996, altogether 25.8 % of erosion area in Jialing River has been improved after large scale conservation has taken effect. The analysis and comparison between records taken before and after the implementation of soil and water conservation on runoff and sediment yield indicated that the sediment load soil erosion in Jialing river basin has been taken under control to some extent. Amount of annual runoff in main conservations have generally dropped by exponential function. Obvious result has been achieved in Jialing River, efficiency of sand reduction is about 10%-25%. Therefore, sediment to Three Gorges Reservoir is decreased accordingly, and it will be beneficial to take advantage of reser- voir＇s synthetic benefit.     

广西南流江流域降雨侵蚀力时空变化特征

降雨是区域土壤侵蚀的主要动力因素之一,估算和分析降雨侵蚀力是区域水土流失治理与评价的基础工作。利用南流江流域内各气象站点1961—2006年的日雨量资料,基于日雨量模型估算降雨侵蚀力,并通过趋势分析、小波分析和Kriging空间插值法,定量分析广西沿海红壤区南流江流域降雨侵蚀力的时空变化特征与规律。结果显示,1961—2006年间,南流江流域年均降雨侵蚀力为13 935.5 MJ·mm·hm~(-2)·h~(-1)·a~(-1),年均降雨量为1 712.8mm,降雨侵蚀力变化周期约为14a。各年际和时间段间变化差异不明显,降雨侵蚀力年内集中分布在夏季,占比达57.0%,冬季最小,占比3.8%;在空间上,降雨侵蚀力与降雨量分布格局相似,呈现从西南沿海向东北内陆递减的趋势,行政区划上以钦南区和合浦县最大,北流市和玉州区最小。研究结果可为南流江流域土壤侵蚀风险和生态修复治理等工作提供一定的科学依据。     

根溪河小流域生态修复潜力评价

针对流域生态修复问题,以根溪河小流域为研究区域,选择土壤有机质、植被覆盖度、坡度、土壤侵蚀强度等作为评价指标,以ArcGIS9.0 Desktop为平台,对采样点土壤有机质进行Kriging空间插值,依评价指标模型对多源数据进行空间叠加分析.研究表明:插值预测模型能有效地拟合土壤有机质的空间分布特征,表明有机质含量主要受结构性因素的影响;叠加计算结果图反映出流域中下游生态环境具有相对脆弱性问题.并通过对结果的定量评价探讨了相应的水土保持生态修复对策.     

长江流域生态环境问题及其成因

分析长江流域上中游的水土流失与地质灾害、中下游的洪涝灾害、长江口的赤潮、长江水质污染、流域生物多样性变化、流域内人群健康等问题;论述了长江流域生态环境恶化的成因:森林植被的锐减是造成水土流失的主要因素,区域自然地理特征是洪灾和地质灾害的基础,污染物的大量排放造成了长江水质的污染和长江口的赤潮,水利设施的兴建使得濒危物种增多,城市化增加了洪灾损失;提出了保护和恢复长江流域和谐生态环境的有效措施:增加环境建设的投入和增强人们的环保意识,重视森林植被的保护等.     

An analysis of soil composition and mechanical properties of riverbanks in a braided reach of the Lower Yellow River

The channel adjustment in a braided reach is very prominent in the fluvial processes of the Lower Yellow Rlver, In whlch the process of bank erosion plays an important role, especially durlng the perlod of clear water scourlng. The process of bank erosion is closely related to soil composition and mechanlcal properties of the riverbanks. In this paper, the recent bank erosion process in a bralded reach between Huayuankou and Gaocun was firstly investigated after the water impoundment and sediment detentlon of the Xlaolangdi Reservoir, and then a field observation and indoor soil testa were conducted at 10 typlcal riverbanks in the braided reach. Through analyzing the experlmental results, changes of t;brtnsml-soo; composition and mechanical properties were found, and the two real reasons causlng serlous bank erosion in the braided reach were identified. The following conclusions were drawn from thls study： （i） the majority of riverbanks are made up of cohesive soil, and can be characterlzed by obvlous vertlcal stratification structures of soil composition; （ii） these riverbanks are very erodlble due to the lower clay-content and weak erosion-resistant strength in the bank soil, wlth its crltlcal shear stress value （0.1-0.3 Pa） being much less than that of the average near-bank flow shear stress （2.0-3.0 Pa）, which is one important reason causing serious bank erosion; （iii） frequent occurrence of bank fallure during flood seasons usually results from the fact that the values of shear strength parameters such as the cohesion and internal friction angle decrease with the increase of water content In riverbank soil, and the value of cohesion reduces drastically from 34 to 4 kPa wlth the Increase of water content, which is another important reason causing serious bank erosion in the bralded reach.     

宜宾县金沙江流域水土流失与防治对策

通过对宜宾县金沙江流域水土流失现状、水土流失危害，以及造成原因的调查分析，提出了治理对策。     

Apparent ages of suspended sediment and soil erosion of the Pearl River (Zhujiang) drainage basin

The carbon isotopic composition (Δ 14 C,δ 13 C) and apparent ages of suspended sediment were determined in the Pearl River in the years 1998,2000 and 2005.These results indicate that suspended POC consists mostly of young carbon and some old carbon.Apparent ages of suspended POC range from 540 to 2050 a BP.The apparent ages are older in the Xijiang and Beijiang Rivers,while these values are variable in the Dongjiang River,including old and young samples.The suspended POCδ 13 C values increase with increasin...