水稻S5区候选克隆R2I19的筛选及序列信息学分析

以水稻广亲和品种Cpslo17为材料，构建了一个覆盖9倍核基因组的cosmid库，其平均插入片段约40kb。以与广亲和位点紧密联锁的单拷贝分子标记BAC23D12的R末端为探针，从cosmid库中筛选得到一个阳性克隆R2I19（－32kb)。结合S5位点的高密度连锁图和物理图谱，初步确定为S5区侯选克隆。对该克隆的2个TAC亚克隆TRW1510（－15kb)及TRW1517(-15kb)进行了初步的生物信息学分析，证实与已知的水稻基因组序列有很高的同源性，并显示其中可能含有与水稻育性相关的基因。     

水稻幼叶及幼穗cDNA文库的构建及初步分析

为了克隆水稻第6染色体上S5位点的基因及包括广亲和基因在内的重要功能基因,以水稻Oryza sativa L.广亲和品种Cpslo17为材料,以λTriplex2TM为载体利用SMART技术构建了幼叶和幼穗2种器官的cDNA噬菌体文库.幼叶和幼穗原始文库的克隆数目为别为1.5×105 pfu和2.45×105 pfu,插入片段的大小均在500～3 000 bp之间,文库的阳性克隆子的为别比例为97.0%和98.7%.此文库的建立为克隆广亲和基因和其它重要全长功能基因奠定了基础.     

产酸克雷伯氏菌基因组文库的构建及鉴定

为了给基因功能研究提供基础,以pWEB~(TM)质粒构建产酸克雷伯氏菌KO108基因组文库,克隆数目为1 329个。通过EcoRⅠ酶切分析随机挑取的20个文库克隆的重组质粒,结果显示所有质粒均有8.2kb载体条带同时含有外源DNA,且外源DNA的带型并不相同,这表明所构建的KO108基因组文库中插入的外源DNA随机性较好。分析外源DNA电泳条带的大小,结果显示克隆的外源DNA片段最小约为25kb,最大约为50kb,平均大小估算为40kb,文库克隆容量约52Mb,证明该基因组文库包含基因组任意一个基因的概率为99.8%,是KO108基因组覆盖率的5倍。该文库的构建为产酸克雷伯氏菌功能基因克隆和比较基因组学研究奠定了基础。     

黄瓜(Cucumis sativus L.) BAC文库的构建及连锁群特异克隆的分离

利用中国华北类型的黄瓜自交系S94构建一个BAC文库,该文库包含约19200个克隆,平均插入片段为105kb,大约覆盖黄瓜基因组的5倍．为了使黄瓜的遗传连锁群锚定其染色体,从黄瓜的7个连锁群共选择了22个标记,其中15个SCAR标记和7个SSR标记,利用这些标记用PCR的方法筛选BAC文库的DNA池,15个标记筛选到至少2个克隆,共筛选到60个BAC克隆,最后确定了22个BAC克隆作为连锁群特异克隆,这个BAC文库的构建为今后黄瓜基因组研究奠定了基础。     

从水稻白叶枯病菌分离的avrBs3家族新成员avrXa3是具双重功能的无毒基因

以转座子标签法从水稻白叶枯病菌(Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae Dye,Xoo)JXOⅢ基因组文库中筛选到两个阳性克隆pUAV45和pUAV47,其中pUAV45与avrXa10探针进行Southern印迹杂交后显示出同源性.pUAV45携带25.4kb的Xoo基因组DNA.将具有与avrXa10有杂交信号的亚克隆pUAV5K(5.7kb)转入PXO99中发现,接合子PXO99/pUAV5K与PXO99/pUAV45一样在水稻Wase Aikoku 3(Xa3)上表现为致病性明显降低;而在含Xa10抗病基因的水稻Cas209上,则致病性增强.携5.7kb的亚克隆pUAV5K经序列测定和分析后发现,其中含有一个全长2598bp的开放阅读框(ORF),包含有8.5个34个氨基酸的直接重复单元,1个亮氨酸拉链结构域(LZ),3个细胞核定位信号(NLSs)序列以及C端的酸性转录激活区域(AAD),与avrXa10高度同源.据此认为,该ORF是水稻白叶枯病菌JXOⅢ菌株中具双重功能即无毒性功能和侵袭力(症状表达)功能的无毒基因avrXa3,为avrBs3(avr/pth)家族的一个新成员.     

鳜鱼基因组(AC)n微卫星富集文库的构建与鉴定

鳜鱼基因组DNA经MseI酶切后,与MseI接头连接,用链霉素和素磁珠亲和捕捉与生物素标记的微卫星寡核苷酸探针(CA)8杂交,杂交复合物通过变性洗脱获得单链目的片段,经PCR扩增形成双链,然后克隆到pGEM-T 载体上,转化至大肠杆菌DH5α中,首次成功构建鳜鱼(Siniperca chuatsi)基因组(AC)n重复类型的微卫星富集文库.测序结果表明,阳性克隆率为60%,说明构建的鳜鱼基因组微卫星富集文库是一个高质量的文库.鳜鱼富集微卫星文库的建立将为下一步进行鳜鱼微卫星标记的筛选提供了有效的工具.     

抗稻瘟病水稻BAC文库的构建与鉴定

水稻是一种重要的粮食作物,同时也是一种重要的单子叶植物模式.稻瘟病是水稻生长中的一种严重病害,因此分离和克隆新的稻瘟病抗病基因具有重要的应用价值.以一个抗稻瘟病农家种水稻为材料,以plndigoBAC5为载体,构建了细菌人工染色体（BAC）文库.该文库共有90 000个转化子,插入频率99％,插入片段平均长度为105 kb,由此推测这个文库覆盖水稻基因组约20倍.利用其中的45 000个转化子建立了4维PCR筛选体系,并且通过4维PCR筛选体系,筛选获得了7个含水稻分蘖基因（MOC1）的阳性克隆.因此该文库是一个高质量、高覆盖率的水稻BAC文库,能有效用于目的基因的分离.     

华中农大分离出控制籼粳稻杂种广亲和基因

在水稻中存在一类特殊的种质资源称为广亲和品种。它们与籼稻和粳稻杂交的后代都表现正常可育。最近，华中农业大学中科院院士张启发科研团队在这一领域取得重大进展，他们发现并成功分离克隆一个控制水稻籼粳不育和广亲和性状的主效基因，命名为S5。据科研人员介绍，广亲和基因因其重大的应用价值，在国内外水稻界被认为是一个非常重要的基因，早在1987年我国启动“863”计划时，     

高质量水稻基因组文库构建的策略和方法

采用改良的CTAB法提取水稻基因组DNA,经Sau3AI部分酶切的产物经透析袋电洗脱法回收、正丁醇浓缩后,以1∶1的摩尔数比和载体臂连接.包装后测定,文库滴度达到106pfu/ml;随机酶切重组克隆显示,插入片段达到预期的15~23 kb之间,提示该方法适于植物材料高质量基因组文库的构建,有利于分离完整的基因序列及其调控区.     

中药植物玉竹微卫星标记的筛选及遗传多样性分析

利用磁珠富集法构建玉竹的微卫星文库,用筛选出的微卫星引物对玉竹样品进行遗传多样性分析。根据链亲和素磁珠和生物素特异结合的特性,用3’端生物素标记的探针与两端连接已知序列人工接头的玉竹基因组DNA酶切片段杂交,杂交复合物结合到包被有链亲和素的磁珠上,洗脱并收集吸附在磁珠上的含有微卫星的片段。经过克隆和测序,再根据微卫星两侧的保守序列设计引物,最后利用从中筛选出的微卫星引物对玉竹种群进行遗传学分析。从基因组微卫星富集文库中分离出9个多态微卫星位点,来自3个玉竹种群的40个个体的多态性显示,每个位点的等位基因数从3到6个不等,观察杂合度范围为0000～0.875,预期杂合度范围为0.520～0.760,多态信息含量范围为0.066～0.687。9个多态位点经哈温平衡检测结果显示有5个位点符合哈迪-温伯格(Hardy-Weinberg)平衡,其余4个位点显著偏离哈温平衡(P0.05)。这可能是存在无效等位基因和或近亲繁殖效应的结果,鉴定出的微卫星遗传标记可以在玉竹的遗传多样性和种群遗传结构的评价中具有潜在的应用价值。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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