一种基于最小二乘法的传送带变频调速方法

由于机械老化等因素的影响,运用传统的理论公式方法调节传送带线速度,往往导致给定输出达不到要求精度.为达到精确的同步输送,保证生产线各段运行线速度误差最小,提出一种基于最小二乘直线拟合的传送带变频调速方法.文中以施耐德PLC传送带变频调速系统作为实验平台,通过拟合函数确定所需电机转速,并验证了此种方法所得的传送带实际线速度更为精确,能克服由不可避免因素造成的误差影响.实践证明,在实际工作中可考虑用最小二乘拟合法来代替传统公式法进行传送带速度的设定.     

整体最小二乘法直线拟合

针对在直线拟合中,因变量选取不同拟合的结果有差异现象,提出采用整体最小二乘法进行直线拟合。文章在分析直线方程特点的基础上,采用EIV模型描述直线方程,在解算中根据系数矩阵的特点应用QR分解分为将方程两部分,采用了混合最小二乘法求解。理论分析和实际计算结果表明,整体最小二乘法顾及了因变量和自变量的误差。拟合精度高于普通最小二乘法,采用整体最小二乘拟合直线,整体上优于普通最小二乘法。     

数据拟合的固定节点样条最小二乘法

通过两个实利,讨论了在节点给定的情况下用B-样条函数的线性组合作为拟合函数的线性最小二乘方法,即固定节点样条最小二乘法在物理实验数据拟合中的应用问题.     

权函数支持域尺寸和场节点间距对移动最小二乘法拟合精度的影响

移动最小二乘法作为一种拟合插值方法,当其基函数采用非正交基时,移动最小二乘法中采样点支持域尺寸、节点间距大小将影响到力矩矩阵的可逆性.力矩矩阵可逆是移动最小二乘法拟合成功的必要条件.因此如何合理地选取节点间距及采样点支持域尺寸以确保力矩矩阵可逆,成为移动最小二乘法应用过程中的一个重要环节.其值的选取也是移动最小二乘法主要误差来源之一.理论上,至今仍无法推导出采样点支持域尺寸及节点间距最优取值.实践中,可通过拟合实验寻找支持域尺寸、节点间距的变化规律,给出具有建议性的取值范围.本文在节点均匀分布的情况下,对其变化规律进行研究并提出了可以保证插值精度的支持域尺寸、节点间距的建议取值.     

插值函数在学生成绩评定机制中的应用

已知离散的数据时,通过插值多项式来构造一个函数表达式来近似代替不便处理的函数,这是我们常用的方法.通过插值函数与最小二乘法的理论,给出了插值函数与最小二乘法在学生成绩评定机制中的应用.同时,对不同的方法修正后的数据进行了比较.     

实验数据的直线拟合

对拟合直线常用的最小二乘法进行了详细分析，得出了计算斜率的通项公式。提出了一种分段最佳斜率平均法。计算结果表明，该方法计算非常简单，精度并不低于最小二乘法和其它直线拟合方法，将常用的几种拟合直线的方法进行比较的结果表明，分段最佳斜率平均法拟合精度最高。     

过原点拟合直线斜率的合成不确定度

在分析已有文献的基础上,应用不确定度传播律,通过分析过原点最小二乘法拟合直线的相关系数,给出过原点拟合直线斜率合成不确定度的计算公式.     

实验数据的直线拟合

对拟合直线常用的最小二乘法进行了详细分析，得出了计算斜率的通项公式，提出了一种分段最佳斜率平均法，计算结果表明，该方法计算非常简单，精度并不低于最小二乘法和其它直线拟合方法，将常用的几种拟合直线的方法进行比较的结果表明，分段最佳斜率平均法拟合精度最高。     

支持向量机与最小二乘法的关系研究

研究了支持向量机 (SVM)在二次损失函数下的优化问题解的形式 ,并与普通的最小二乘 (L S)估计问题进行了比较 ,得到了几乎完全一致的优化问题形式。由于 SVM在二次损失函数下的优化问题对应于一个欠定问题 ,该问题在最小二乘估计中有最小范数解。如果 SVM的参数选择合适 ,从理论上可以证明采用二次损失函数的 SVM函数拟合问题实际为约束最小二乘估计问题 ,并且该问题的解对应于最小范数最小二乘解。由于最小化范数解实际是 SVM在取某些参数时的一个特例 ,如果能够自动调整这些参数 ,则得到一类最小化范数解。由此提出了采用 SVM解决最小二乘法问题的思想 ,由于 SVM的优点 ,使解更加符合实际情况     

最大离差值极小响应面及按Kreisselmerier-Steinhauser函数的拟合

现有的响应曲面是按最小二乘法实现的。提出一种响应面拟合方法:使响应面函数同样本值之间的最大距离极小。该方法运用Kreisselmerier-Steinhauser函数的特性,建立数学模型,采用求导、泰勒展开、数值迭代等方法确定响应面函数的系数。在数值迭代过程中以最小二乘法获得的结果作为迭代初值。通过一系列算例得出,Kreisselmerier-Steinhauser函数法获得的响应面函数能够达到最大距离最小的目的;该方法获得的响应面函数与最小二乘法拟合的响应面函数相比,在与样本值差的均方根相对增加不大的情况下,能显著减少最大距离;采用变熵参数方法能获得更好的解。本途径不仅丰富了响应面的构造方法,而且可满足实际工程问题中希望响应函数与样本值最大距离极小化的需求。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.