染料敏化太阳电池电极工艺的比较研究

研究了以水热法和商业P25纳米氧化钛粉两种典型的工艺制备染料敏化太阳电池(the dye-sensitized nanocrystalline solar cell,简称DSSC电池),并对两种溶胶和电极特性进行了表征和分析,结合两种溶胶特性的测试,从溶胶颗粒大小、孔径和光学特性方面分析了溶胶特性对电池光电转换效率的影响.结果表明无论是从效率还是从成本方面考虑,以P25粉制备的DSSC电池都占据优势,为将来DSSC电池产业化采取何种工艺提供了一定的参考.     

染料敏化太阳电池电极工艺的比较研究

研究了以水热法和商业P25纳米氧化钛粉两种典型的工艺制备染料敏化太阳电池（the dye-sensitized nanocrystalline solar cell，简称DSSC电池），并对两种溶胶和电极特性进行了表征和分析，结合两种溶胶特性的测试，从溶胶颗粒大小、孔径和光学特性方面分析了溶胶特性对电池光电转换效率的影响。结果表明无论是从效率还是从成本方面考虑，以P25粉制备的DSSC电池都占据优势，为将来DSSC电池产业化采取何种工艺提供了一定的参考。     

基于Zn_2SnO_4纳米线固态染料敏化太阳能电池光生电荷分离与光电性质研究

采用水热法在不锈钢滤网上制备出Zn2SnO4纳米线.首次通过制备Zn2SnO4纳米线/CBS异质结构来提高复合体系的光生电荷分离效率;逐步改变CBS厚度系统研究了Zn2SnO4纳米线/CBS染料敏化太阳能电池的光电转换效率.结果表明Cu4Bi4S9为1.0μm时,Zn2SnO4纳米线/Cu4Bi4S9异质结具有最强稳态和电场诱导表面光伏效应,对应染料敏化电池最高光电转换效率为4.12%.从光吸收、薄膜厚度、内建电场和能级匹配等几个方面,讨论了异质结和固态染料敏化电池中光生电荷分离的影响因素以及光生电荷传输机制.     

用于染料敏化太阳能电池的铌、氟双掺杂二氧化钛微球

为了提高染料敏化太阳能电池的性能,对其光阳极半导体材料进行了改性.用一步水热法制备了铌、氟双掺杂二氧化钛(NFT)微球,它是由多层纳米管和纳米颗粒组合在一起形成的微米级球状颗粒.这种特殊的结构使得用NFT材料制作的光阳极具有较大的表面积,有利于染料吸附.NFT的结晶性比未掺杂的二氧化钛显著增强,且结晶度随掺杂量的增加而增强,有利于提高其中的电子迁移速率并降低表面极化,因此有助于提高染料敏化电池的短路电流密度和开路电压.入射单色光子-电子转换效率(IPCE)的测试结果表明,NFT制备的电池在可见光范围内的转换效率有显著提高,在紫外波段的本征转化效率也有一定提高,电池的整体转换效率比未掺杂时提高了38%.     

无缺陷纳米晶TiO2用于染料敏化太阳电池

以P25为原料,采用水热法制备出以菱形为主的具有完整结构的无缺陷纳米晶TiO2并用于染料敏化太阳电池上。纳米晶直径为12nm左右,比表面积达到112 m2/g。与用P25制成的膜相比,用纳米晶制成的介孔膜能吸附更多的染料和具有更好的光捕获效率。用纳米晶组成的染料敏化太阳电池具有高的光电流密度和转换效率。     

光阳极结构对染料敏化太阳能电池性能的影响

染料敏化太阳能电池是一种新型的太阳能电池,通常用钛片做光阳极。用钛网代替钛片制备光阳极可组装成一种新型结构的染料敏化太阳能电池。采用电化学阳极氧化法,在磁力搅拌质量分数025%NH4F+体积分数225%H2O+乙二醇电解液作用下,在钛网和钛片表面制备TiO2纳米管阵列。其中,一组阳极氧化后的试样在具有微米颗粒的溶液中超声震荡。将制得的试样做光阳极组装染料敏化太阳能电池,并测试电池性能。用扫描电镜观察TiO2纳米管阵列。研究结果表明:阳极氧化所制备的TiO2纳米管阵列表面有覆盖层,超声处理可移去覆盖层,试样表面露出高度有序的纳米管阵列便于N719染料的灌入,而有效地提高染料敏化太阳能电池的光电转化效率。钛网光阳极组装的染料敏化太阳能电池比相同条件下钛片组装的电池,光电转换效率提高了74倍。     

纳米晶TiO_2在染料敏化太阳电池中的应用

以P25为原料,采用水热法制得以菱形为主、直径为10～15nm、比表面积达112m2/g的纳米晶TiO2.用该纳米晶TiO2制膜,并与用P25粉制成的膜进行对比,通过扫描电子显微镜、氮气吸附装置等对两种膜进行分析和表征.结果表明:纳米晶TiO2制成的膜颗粒小、分布均匀,BET比表面积是P25膜的两倍,膜厚相同时染料吸附量是P25膜的两倍多.将纳米晶TiO2膜与P25膜用于染料敏化太阳能电池上,分析染料敏化太阳能电池的光电特性,结果表明,用纳米晶TiO2组成的染料敏化太阳能电池具有高的光电流密度和转换效率.     

静电喷镀制备染料敏化太阳能电池

目的为了提高染料敏化太阳能电池的光电转化效率,优化染料制备太阳能薄膜工艺,实现Ti O2薄膜的自动喷镀加工.方法采用新型静电喷镀方法代替传统的浸泡方式将敏化染料喷镀到二氧化钛工作电极上,染料脱附后进行UV-Vis光谱的测试,并组装成染料敏化太阳能电池,检测其光电性能.结果用静电喷镀方法喷镀的染料吸光度都好于浸泡法,且喷镀40次染料的吸光度最高.喷镀法制备的电池的光电性能也高于浸泡方法得到的电池的光电性能,并且随着喷镀次数的增加光电性能也越来越好,40次的光电转化率为3.26%.结论静电喷镀技术在一定程度上优化了染料敏化太阳能电池的制备工艺,不但增大了染料的吸附量同时也节省了染料敏化电极的时间,从而提高了电池的效率.     

HIT太阳能电池性能的模拟计算

运用AFORS-HET程序,对带有本征层的异质结(HIT)太阳能电池结构参数进行模拟分析,研究透明导电氧化物薄膜(TCO)功函数、背电场、衬底厚度以及衬底材料的选择对电池性能的影响。结果表明:p型衬底结构电池TCO功函数越小越好,而n型衬底TCO功函数越大越好。背电场对电池载流子的传输和背表面复合有较大的影响。减小衬底的厚度造成光吸收减少,短路电流降低,电池效率有一定损失。从理论上分析,n型材料更适合作为电池衬底。通过优化电池结构,获得了p型衬底电池的最高转换效率为23.38%,n型衬底电池最高转换效率26.74%。     

TiO_2纳米管制备及其在染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用

采用强碱水热法由钛粉和NaOH溶液水热反应合成二氧化钛纳米管,并用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X-射线电子衍射(XRD)等表征手段对反应产物进行表征,该方法制备的二氧化钛纳米管长度为200～300 nm,管径为20～25 nm.采用丝网印刷技术将二氧化钛纳米管粉末印制在掺杂氟的SnO2导电玻璃(FTO)上,并进行热处理.随后,将印制了薄膜的FTO导电玻璃浸泡在染料中,浸泡一段时间后,将其与导电面涂了铂的FTO导电玻璃组装成染料敏化太阳能电池,并对电池性能进行测试.在模拟太阳光照射下,该电池的填充因子为0.43,短路电流为0.48 mA,断路电压为0.35 V,光电转换效率为0.07%.     

固态染料敏化二氧化钛纳晶薄膜太阳能电池的研究进展

固态染料敏化太阳能电池是目前能源研究的热点领域之一。我们设计并合成了一系列含有不同特性基团(如柔软的高分子链、可现场固化基团和高电导的离子液体基团)的高分子固态电解液应用于染料敏化太阳能电池;同时,结合理论模拟计算得出的二氧化钛纳晶薄膜工作电极和对电极的光散射效应与光限域效应能提高电池的光吸收效率,二氧化钛纳晶薄膜孔隙率的增大能增加固态电解液在膜内的渗透和扩散,对工作电极和对电极进行结构优化可得到高光电转换效率的固态染料敏化太阳能电池。     

Blue TiO2 polymorph: An efficient material for dye-sensitized solar cells fabricated using a low-temperature sintering process

Recently,surface-disordered or non-stoichiometric TiO_2,such as blue TiO_2(B-TiO_2),has received much attention owing to its unique properties,such as structural disorder near the surface and the existence of Ti~(3+)ions and oxygen vacancies.Therefore,surface-disordered TiO_2has been applied for microwave absorption,photocatalysis,in photoelectrochemical sensors and rechargeable lithium-ion batteries.In this work B-TiO_2,a polymorph consisting of nanoparticles,nanotubes and nanosheets,was successfully synthesized and employed as a semiconductor layer in dye-sensitized solar cells(DSSCs)fabricated using a low-temperature heat treatment process(120°C).Based on the analyses of the experimental results regarding the structure and those from the characterization of B-TiO_2,and its application to DSSCs,it has been found that the B-TiO_2 material has an effect on electron-hole pair separation.The conversion efficiency of the B-TiO_2 DSSC(BTiO_2-DSSC)was 6.18%,whereas that of the TiO_2-P25 DSSC(P25-DSSC)was 3.61%,and that of the TiO_2 polymorph DSSC(PTiO_2-DSSC)which is the precursor of B-TiO_2 was 4.51%.     

Preparation of photoanode and its application to flexible dye-sensitized solar cells

A TiO2 slurry was prepared by hydrothermal treating mixture of commercial TiO2 (P25),ethanol and distilled water in an autoclave.A flexible photoanode and dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) was fabricated on an ITO-coated poly (ethylene naphthalate) sheet (ITO/PEN) substrate by a doctor-blade technique.The sample was characterized with SEM,UV-vis,FTIR,and the photoelectric properties of the DSSC were measured.The influence of preparation conditions on the properties of the flexible DSSC was investigated.It is...     

A new improved structure of dye-sensitized solar cells with reflection film

DYE-SENSITIZED NANOCRYSTALLINE SOLAR CELLS (DSSC), RECENTLY DEVELOPED BY MICHAEL GR?TZEL[1], HAVE BEEN ATTRACTING CONSIDERABLE ATTENTIONS BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH EFFICIENCY, SIMPLE FABRICATION PROCESS AND LOW FABRICA- TION COST[2]. TYPICAL DSSC[3] IS BASED ON A SANDWICH STRUCTURE, WHICH CONSISTS OF TWO GLASS PLATES WITH A TRANSPARENT CONDUCTING OXIDE (TCO) COATING AS SUBSTRATE. O…     

A dye-sensitized solar cell based on PEDOT:PSS counter electrode

A counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) was prepared by coating poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) with high transparency and adhesion on a conducting FTO glass at low temperature. The surface morphology, conductivity, sheet resistance, redox properties and photoelectric properties of the PEDOT:PSS/carbon electrodes were observed using scanning electron microscopy, a four-probe tester and a CHI660D electrochemical measurement system. The experimental results showed that DSSCs had the best photoelectric properties for PEDOT:PSS/carbon counter electrodes annealed at 80°C under vacuum conditions. The overall energy conversion efficiency of the DSSC with PEDOT:PSS/carbon counter electrode and barrier layer reached 7.61% under irradiation from a simulated solar light with intensity of 100 mW/cm² (AM 1.5). The excellent photoelectric properties, simple preparation procedure and low cost allow the PEDOT:PSS/carbon electrode to be a credible alternative electrode for use in DSSCs.     

Fabrication of a TiO2-P25/(TiO2-P25+TiO2 nanotubes) junction for dye sensitized solar cells

The dye sensitized solar cell（DSSC）, which converts solar light into electric energy, is expected to be a promising renewable energy source for today’s world. In this work, dye sensitized solar cells, one containing a single layer and one containing a double layer, were fabricated. In the double layer DSSC structure, the under-layer was TiO₂-P25 film, and the top layer consisted of a mixture of TiO₂-P25 and TiO₂ nanotubes. The results indicated that the efficiency of the DSSC with the double layer structure was a significant improvement in comparison to the DSSC consisting of only a single film layer. The addition of TiO₂-P25 in the top layer caused an improvement in the adsorption of dye molecules on the film rather than on the TiO₂ nanotubes only. The presence of the TiO₂ nanotubes together with TiO₂-P25 in the top layer revealed the enhancement in harvesting the incident light and an improvement of electron transport through the film.     

Flexible dye-sensitized solar cell based on PCBM/P3HT heterojunction

Using blend heterojunction consisting of C60 derivatives [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) and poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) as charge carrier transferring medium to replace I3–/I– redox electrolyte,a novel flexible dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is fabricated.The characterization of infrared spectra and ultraviolet-visible spectra shows that the PCBM/P3HT heterojunction has not only the absorption in ultraviolet light for PCBM,but also the absorption in visible and near infrared light for P3HT,which widens the photoelectric response range for DSSC.The influence of PCBM/P3HT mass ratio on the performance of the solar cell is discussed.Under 100 mW cm–2 (AM 1.5) simulated solar irradiation,the flexible solar cell achieves a lightto-electric energy conversion efficiency of 1.43%,open circuit voltage of 0.87 V,short circuit current density of 3.0 mA cm–2 and fill factor of 0.54.     

Application of upconversion luminescence in dye-sensitized solar cells

An upconversion luminescence powder TiO2:(Er3+,Yb3+) is prepared by a hydrothermal method and used to fabricate dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC).The TiO2:(Er3+,Yb3+) powder undergoes upconversion luminescence,converting infrared light which the dye can not absorb into visible light with wavelengths of 510-700 nm which the dye can absorb,increasing the photocurrent of the DSSC.TiO2:(Er3+,Yb3+) also acts as a p-type dopant,heightening the Fermi level of the oxide film,which increases the photovoltage of the DSSC.The best performance of the DSSC is found when the ratio of TiO2/luminescence powder is 1/3 in the luminescence layer.Under simulated solar irradiation of 100 mW cm-2 (AM 1.5),the DSSC containing TiO2:(Er3+,Yb3+) doping achieves a light-to-electricity energy conversion efficiency of 7.28% compared with 6.41% for the undoped DSSC.