蒙古口蘑与双孢蘑菇原生质体融合育种研究

以蒙古口蘑和双孢蘑菇为出发菌株,研究了酶浓度、酶解时间、菌龄和渗透压稳定剂、再生培养基等对蒙古口蘑和双孢蘑菇原生质体制备和再生的影响.结果表明,蒙古口蘑原生质体制备和再生的最佳条件是,培养5 d的菌丝体用2.5%(w/w)的溶壁酶酶解4 h,渗透压稳定剂为0.6 mol/L KCl,MB为再生培养基,制备率为7.53×1010个/L,再生率为8.4×10-4;双孢蘑菇原生质体制备和再生的最佳条件是,培养5 d的菌丝体用2%(w/w)的溶壁酶酶解3 h,渗透压稳定剂为0.6 mol/L KCl,PQA为再生培养基,制备率为6.96×1010个/L,再生率为7.4×10-4.对两种菌原生质体的释放过程进行形态观察,均为顶端释放.采用双亲灭活原生质体融合技术对蒙古口蘑和双孢蘑菇原生质体融合进行研究,蒙古口蘑原生质体采用热灭活,65℃处理30 min,灭活率达100%,双孢蘑菇采用紫外灭活,在15 W紫外灯下,距离30 cm,处理20 min,灭活率达100%,两菌株按1∶1混合,以30%PEMG(6 000)为促融剂,融合10 min,融合率为5.6×10-5.经遗传稳定性检验,融合菌株的遗传稳定率为80%,从菌落特征、菌丝形态、菌丝生长量、酯酶、游离全蛋白、乳酸脱氢酶、乙醇脱氢酶和过氧化物酶等同工酶方面对融合子进行筛选,获得一株具有双亲性状的融合株.     

米曲霉F16原生质体的制备和再生研究

目的:研究菌龄、酶液组成、酶解时间、酶解温度、渗透压稳定剂、培养基成分等因素对米曲霉F16原生质体制备和再生的影响。结果表明,米曲霉原生质体制备和再生的最佳条件是:菌龄15h,酶液为0.75%纤维素酶、0.75%蜗牛酶、0.5%溶菌酶的混合酶液,酶解时间2.5h,温度为28℃,最适原生质体再生培养基为含有0.6mol/LNaCl的PDA培养基。     

酵母菌原生质体形成与再生多因子综合效应分析

研究了酶解时间、酶解温度、渗透压稳定剂和预处理剂对酿酒酵母Ａ００１与克鲁维酵母Ｙ０３４原生质体形成时间与再生的综合效应．统计分析表明，在２％蜗牛酶，菌龄为对数生长期时，影响原生质体形成的主要因素是酶解时间、酶解温度，且两者存在交互作用．影响原生质体再生的主要因素是渗透压稳定剂．确立了实验菌株原生质体形成与再生的最佳匹配条件     

酵母菌原生质体形成戌再生多因子综合效应分析

研究了酶解时间、酶解温度、渗透压稳定剂和处理剂对酿酒酵母Ａ００１与克鲁维酵母Ｙ０３４原生质体形成时间与再生的综合效应，统计分析表明，在２％蜗牛酶，菌龄为数生长期时，影响原生质体形成的主要因素是酶解时间、酶解温度，且两者存在交互作用，影响原生质体再生的主要因素是渗透压稳定剂，确立了实验菌株原生质体形成与再生的最佳匹配条件。     

曲霉原生质体的制备与非对称灭活

为提高菌丝原生质体的释放量和活力,分别考查了碳源、菌龄、渗透压稳定剂、酶浓度、酶解时间及再生培养基种类对Aspergillus oryzaeHN3042和Aspergillus niger CICC2377原生质体释放和再生的影响,并研究了两个亲本原生质体的非对称灭活参数.确定了亲本原生质体的适宜制备参数.结果表明,以MPY液体培养基为菌丝培养基、0.7mol/L NaCl复合0.4mol/L山梨醇为渗透压稳定剂、以高渗豆汁固体培养基为再生培养基,原生质体有30%以上的再生率.通过非对称灭活曲线确定Aspergillus oryzae HN3042原生质体于15W紫光灯垂直距离13cm处照射15min,Aspergillus niger CICC2377原生质体于65℃水浴10min,可使亲本原生质体临界失活.     

金针菇原生质体制备和再生条件实验

本文采用溶壁酶(Lyuvllzyme)、蜗牛酶(Snailase)、纤维素酶(Cellulase)制备金针菇(Flammulina Velutipes)的原生质体.比较了酶的浓度、渗透压稳定剂、温度、酶解时间、菌龄等因素对原生质体形成和再生的作用.1％蜗牛酶和1.5％溶壁酶酶解金针菇菌丝获得了高产量的原生质体.无机盐(kcl,Nacl,Mgso_4)和甘露醇是制备金针菇原生质体的有效稳定剂.35℃、酶解1小时、菌龄3～4天的菌丝是制备金针菇原生质体的最佳条件.不同的再生菌丝生长速度和子实体形成的时间有很大的差异.     

稗弯孢菌（Curvularis lunata）原生质体的制备

研究了不同菌龄、酶浓度、渗透压稳定剂、缓冲液pH值以及酶解温度和时间等因素对稗弯孢菌(Curvularia lunata)原生质体形成的影响。将培养18h的菌丝,以0.7mol/L KCl作为渗透压稳定剂,30℃下,经过2％溶壁酶和4％纤维素酶混合酶液(pH5.8)酶解4h,原生质体在静止条件下最大释放量达到 1.7×10~6/mL,再生率为0.76％。     

香菇菌丝原生质体制备及融合条件的研究

讨论不同菌龄、酶解时间、酶解温度、渗透压稳定剂对香菇原生质体产率的影响。结果表明 ,香菇菌丝制备原生质体时最适菌龄为 6天 ,酶解时间为 3h ,酶解温度为 34℃ ,渗透压稳定剂用 0 .6mol/L甘露醇为最佳。在此基础上 ,以 35 %的PEG为融合诱导剂进行香菇B0 1、L2 6种间原生质体融合 ,并用显微镜观察到融合子的形成     

柠檬酸生产菌Aspergillusniger的原生质体制备与再生

本文对柠檬酸生产菌ＡｓｐｅｒｇｉｌｌｕｓｎｉｇｅｒＣｏ－８２７菌丝原生质体的制备和再生进行了研究。对影响原生质体游离与再生的诸因素，如酶配比、菌龄、渗透压稳定剂和酶解温度等进行了优化，并进行了原生质体的再生培养。     

沪酿3042米曲霉原生质体制备条件的研究

对影响沪酿3042米曲霉原生质体制备和再生的条件,包括菌龄、酶解温度、酶解时间、再生培养基的稳渗剂进行了研究。结果表明,当菌龄为10h,酶解90min,酶解温度30℃,用0.8mol/LNaCl作再生培养基的稳渗剂,原生质体的形成最好,为7×106个/mL,再生率为27.8%。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that