海洋石油钢结构焊接构件疲劳可靠性的研究

本文重点研究了带有缺陷的焊接构件的疲劳可靠性;建立了贯穿壁厚的疲劳失效模型;对NDT精度等疲劳参量的统计特性作了分析。基于寿命模型,应用结构可靠性原理探讨了设计阶段构件的疲劳可靠性预测及带裂纹构件剩余寿命的概率分析问题。通过相应的计算,给出了几组特定参数下的失效概率曲线,并分析了有关参数的作用。     

疲劳剩余寿命分布的当量关系及可靠性计算方法

疲劳剩余寿命分布的当量关系及可靠性计算方法谢里阳，林文强通过大量试验分析了两级载荷作用下疲劳寿命分布参数的变化规律，研究了非恒惕循环载有下的疲劳强度可靠性问题的特点及计算方法．与传统的只是根据＂失效概率等效＂计算各载荷水平下的当量载荷循环数的疲劳可靠...     

结构系统中疲劳失效途径失效概率计算的二阶可靠性方法

针对结构系统疲劳可靠性分析中失效途径极限状态函数的非线性性质,提出用二阶可靠性方法（ＳＯＲＭ）计算疲劳失效途径的失效概率．文中介绍了疲劳失效途径的可靠性模型及结构系统二阶可靠性方法的基本原理,并通过例题说明了计算过程．计算结果表明,采用二阶可靠性方法可使失效概率的计算精度得到显著的改善．     

带裂纹球罐疲劳寿命的概率分析

若已知球罐内表面裂纹深度,应力幅度,角变形,错口量,Paris公式中系数C与m等的分布规律,用Paris公式导出的疲劳寿命公式为概率模型,则可用统计试验法计算疲劳寿命的分布规律。从而算出球罐寿命小于规定服役期的概率,也就得到球罐疲劳安全可靠性。 根据参数敏感性分析就可得到上述控制疲劳失效许多因素对疲劳失效影响的程度。 引用国内文献介绍的数据,已编制了计算程序。进行了实例计算。     

汽包与管道疲劳损伤断裂可靠性分析

针对火电厂中汽包与管道在运行过程中发生疲劳损伤断裂失效这一类问题 ,提出一种概率疲劳损伤断裂失效分析方法 ,它以汽包与管道类压力容器结构的初始疲劳质量状态为基础 ,考虑了汽包或管道在疲劳条件下材质损伤衰变、萌生裂纹及其扩展时的随机性 ,采用概率统计方法 ,建立起以裂纹长度为准则的汽包与管道发生疲劳损伤断裂失效时的功能函数 ,同时还给出了按近似概率分析方法中的JC法与一次二阶矩法计算了汽包或管道在不同循环次数下的疲劳裂纹超过数概率。上述分析与计算 ,实质上反映了对汽包或管道疲劳损伤断裂失效时的疲劳寿命进行可靠性评估的概率分析新方法。本文中最后引用汽包与管道用耐热钢的疲劳试验结果 ,与上述分析方法得到的预测结果加以对比验证 ,表明提出的这一新方法是合理的和可靠的。     

受内压航空管道弯曲疲劳可靠性

引入结合Kriging代理模型法和Monte Carlo抽样法的主动学习可靠性分析方法（AK?MCS）,以管道尺寸、作用载荷以及管材属性为基本随机变量,对受内压悬臂管道在给定工况（即28 MPa内压,自由端5.06 mm纵向位移循环载荷）下的疲劳寿命进行可靠性分析。首先根据管道三点弯曲疲劳试验结果,通过线性回归分析建立管道的Manson?Coffin疲劳寿命模型,而后采用AK?MCS方法获得管道的疲劳寿命?失效概率/可靠度曲线,为内压管道的工程应用提供了基于概率的寿命预测结果。根据该曲线进而得到管道的疲劳寿命频数直方图,发现弯曲疲劳寿命总体上呈正态分布。此外,通过与Monte Carlo方法的比较,证实了AK?MCS方法在保证受内压航空管道弯曲疲劳可靠性分析精度的同时,还大大降低了计算量。     

用一阶二次矩方法进行海洋平台结构系统的疲劳可靠性分析

提出了对海洋平台进行结构系统疲劳可靠性分析的方法，将管节点的疲劳破坏作为整个系统疲劳可靠性模型中的失效单元，用一阶二次矩方法计算失效途径的疲劳失效概率，并应用β－解链法搜寻关键失效途径。在计算整个结构系统的疲劳失效概率时，利用等效线性安全余量的概念建立失效途径的等效失效单元，从而可计及各失效途径之间的相关性。     

海洋结构管节点疲劳失效的模糊定义及可靠性分析

根据模糊集合理论的基本原理，在海洋结构管节点的疲劳可靠性分析中引入疲劳失效的模糊定义，并考虑了模糊不确定性的影响，文中采用管节点疲劳可靠性分析的对数正态格式，并根据模糊集合理论中关于模糊事件概率的定义，对疲劳失效概率进行了计算。     

基于JC方法计算构件疲劳断裂的可靠性

实际结构疫劳裂的可靠性分析,由于受到各种不确定因素的影响,难以得到各状态变量的概率分布形式,因此无法采用传统的可靠性理论计算其可靠度及失效概念。该文通过采用验算点方法并用实例说明,在工程实际中,能够同时考虑载荷、等非正态随机变量对疲劳裂纹扩展的影响,并能够在已知各状态变量的情况下,方便地计算可靠性指标与失效的概率值。该方法对研究实际结构的疲劳断裂破坏的可靠性及疲劳寿命具有较好的实用性。     

既有铁路钢桥的系统疲劳可靠度评估

既有铁路钢桥承受着日益繁重的交通荷载,其使用安全倍受关注。针对铆接结构多破坏模式和铆接多成份、多构件的疲劳失效特点,在建立铆接构件双角钢概率疲劳破坏模型的基础上,提出铆接钢桥系统疲劳可靠性分析模型。基于M on te C arlo算法,建立计算系统疲劳失效概率的基本流程,编制用于铆接钢桥系统疲劳可靠性分析的大型程序RBSPFF。将铆接钢桥系统疲劳可靠性分析模型应用于京九线赣江桥的疲劳可靠度评估。由赣江桥概率剩余寿命评估结果可知,若按保证桥梁的正常使用功能,上、下游铁路桥面系的超声波探测间隔分别为1.7 a和0.6 a;若按保证主桁结构系统承载安全,则探测间隔为3.7 a。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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