利用合成地震波振幅预测煤层厚度及其方法研究

为了更精确预测煤层厚度变化,分析了波阻抗反演与煤厚的相关性,对测井资料和反演后的合成地震波振幅进行线性回归,建立了原生煤的正演模型.将该模型应用到非井点的地震属性上,利用同位协同克里金方法实现了对淮北桃园矿区煤层厚度的预测,结果与已知钻孔探测资料十分吻合,证明了利用地震振幅预测煤厚以及分类正演模型是可行的.     

基于流度属性的礁滩储层预测

流体的流度与储层的渗透率及流体的黏滞系数有关,基于流度属性可对储层进行预测。流度属性与反射波的振幅随频率的变化率成正比关系,因此可以基于地震资料提取流度属性,并进一步分析储层的渗透率和流体的黏滞性。根据对流度属性的理论研究,提出了利用地震资料提取流度属性的流程,讨论了影响流度属性的关键因素———地层厚度及优势频率,并给出了准确反演地层厚度及获得优势频率的方法。正演模拟和在元坝地区的实例应用证实了该方法对储层预测是有效的。     

基于随机森林的浊积岩储层预测方法

由于用单一地震属性描述浊积岩储层厚度有很大不确定性,基于多种地震属性,将随机森林算法引入对浊积岩储层厚度的预测中。通过试验,优选出弧长、能量半时、均方根振幅、最大振幅、平均能量和道积分等六种地震属性,构建井旁道地震属性与浊积岩厚度之间的关系模型,对浊积岩储层厚度进行预测。研究结果表明,随机森林方法对异常值和噪声具有很好的容忍度,训练速度快,泛化误差小,不易出现过拟合现象,预测精度高于神经网络方法,有较好的推广价值。     

基于谱反演的薄层预测技术应用探讨

本文从实际的地质地震模型出发,分析了实际情况下峰值振幅、峰值频率随地层厚度的变化规律,其与Widess模型得出的结论有很大的不同:在地层厚度减为零时,峰值振幅并未减弱至零;峰值频率随着地层减薄有逐渐变大的趋势,当层厚小于一定厚度(调谐频率转折点)时,峰值频率开始减小,在层厚为零时与子波的主频一致。当地层薄到一定程度后,峰值频率会与厚度产生强烈的关联,这表示地震对薄层的响应远比我们之前想象的要敏感的多。基于以上理论分析,本文采用谱反演薄层预测技术对FL地区茅口组岩溶薄储层进行预测,精确识别出了薄储层的顶底界面,取得了良好的应用效果。     

松辽盆地煤层在地震剖面上的特征

煤层具有低速度、低密度特征，煤层与其他岩性接触的界面是良好的波阻抗界面，可以形成强振幅反射波。煤层在常规及特殊地震剖面上都具有明显的反射特征。煤层的强透射损失对于煤层识别非常重要。     

浅水三角洲砂体预测的地震属性方法探讨

浅水三角洲砂体是渤海海域新近系良好的油气储层,但在新三维地震工区少井条件下浅水三角洲砂体与地震 响应关系有待完善,砂体的精细刻画存在一定困难。在高频层序划分的基础上,针对黄河口凹陷X 工区各准层序组砂 体如何展布的问题,展开了对X 工区明下段下亚段岩性组合与地震属性的对应关系研究,研究中采用正演模拟建立起 砂体地质地球物理模型,然后利用90? 相移后的均方根属性对明下段下亚段pss1 pss11 层序砂体进行了细致刻 画,研究结果表明,地震剖面中振幅的强弱能够直接反映砂体的发育情况,强振幅反映了砂体较厚（或对应复合厚互 层）、中强振幅一般对应大套泥岩夹厚层中等厚度砂岩、弱振幅反映了砂体不发育。砂体预测结果与实钻井对比吻 合良好,说明少井条件下利用特定的地震属性预测浅水三角洲砂体的可行性。     

地震信号的径向补偿

由于地震波在到达检波器时的传播方向与检波器接收方向存在夹角,尤其是在浅层和大偏移距的情况下,它会影响接收到的反射波的振幅.本文利用Shuey近似方程建立模型,对出射角和振幅的关系进行定量分析,通过研究表明,由于出射角而导致的振幅变化会影响到AVO分析的结果.因此,为了满足地震属性分析的需要,提高分析的精度和结果的准确性,在地震数据保幅处理过程中,有必要对地震信号进行径向补偿.     

高邮凹陷深凹带岩性油藏砂体叠置样式及地震响应

高邮凹陷深凹带岩性油藏砂体变化快,储层非均质性强,储层预测难度大。为更准确地预测储层,采用动态实时正演的方法开展砂体叠置样式等机制模型的地震响应反射特征研究。结果表明：研究区单砂体厚度小于10 m,砂岩声波时差为257μs·m^-1、波阻抗为9 844 m·s^-1·g·cm^-3,泥岩声波时差为290μs·m^-1、波阻抗为8 828 m·s^-1·g·cm^-3;韵律模型正演分析显示韵律变化对薄层砂体地震响应的影响较小,可以忽略韵律对地震响应的影响;砂体调谐厚度模型正演分析显示当研究区主频20 Hz时,地震可识别砂体的厚度为40 m,研究区实际单砂体的厚度小于10 m,在实际资料的基础上直接预测砂体非常困难;地震属性对于横向叠置范围小于50 m砂体,以及大于1/4砂体厚度高程的叠置特征能够进行分辨;正演显示峰谷为多套砂泥复合的地震响应,过井剖面的正演与单井结果一致,建议薄互层砂泥岩油藏研究尺度为以砂体组合模式开展储层预测研究。     

3D地震资料煤层厚度变化规律的研究

煤层在地震勘探中属于薄层,其薄层厚度预测一直是公认的难题之一,传统的预测方法是利用钻孔资料的内插对比获得,精度很低.实际生产中,人们又研究了多种预测技术.本文对小波变换和人工神经网络方法进行了结合应用研究,并提取多地震属性参数来进行煤层厚度定量计算.通过该方法的实际资料运用,研究了煤层厚度变化规律,取得了令人满意的效果.     

伊拉克中部E油田三角洲前缘Zubair层系砂岩储层预测

伊拉克中部下白垩统Zubair层系砂岩储层为中东重要油气储层,为三角洲前缘沉积,储层横向变化快,明确砂体分布规律对于油藏开发具有重要意义。针对目的层段,统计工区内6口井的砂体厚度与油层厚度,综合应用叠后地震反演与地震多属性定量分析,优选对储层敏感的地震属性,进行归一化处理,获得综合地震属性用于指示有利储层分布。研究表明,研究区内平均波阻抗、最大波阻抗可以一定程度上反映砂岩有利分布区,但叠后反演波阻抗有利储层识别能力有限;最大振幅属性和均方根振幅属性随砂体厚度增大而增大,瞬时频率属性与平均主频属性随油层厚度增大而增大;上述地震属性与砂体发育、含油气性吻合度较高,可作为工区内的敏感地震属性,指示有利储层分布规律。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that