面向输出性能的微加速度计建模与拓扑优化

以MEMS(micro-electro-mechanical systems)技术制备的电容式微加速度计为研究对象,建立了其最终输出性能——检测电容的检测特性与其微结构之间的动力学模型,提出了微加速度计最终输出性能的计算方法,实现了面向微加速度计最终输出性能的动力学特性与检测特性分析.为提高微加速度计的输出性能,进行了微加速度计的结构拓扑优化.在考虑提高电容输出性能和模态约束的条件下,建立了微加速度计结构的拓扑优化流程与数学模型,并以优化算例说明方法的有效性.拓扑优化结果表明,优化后微加速度计的输出性能和灵敏度提高了4.92%,同时抑制了振动模态耦合,保持品质因子不变.     

含吸声材料的变边界声振耦合拓扑优化研究

根据水中结构的声振耦合理论,考虑了流体与结构耦合面随优化过程发生改变的情况,发展了一种含吸声材料的拓扑优化算法.由交界面相容性条件,采用阻尼边界层的模型描述吸声材料层,建立了声-结构相互作用的声振耦合模型.进一步结合双向渐进结构优化算法优化结构,以一阶或多阶固有频率最大化为目标函数,对水中结构进行优化.结果表明:采用耦合模型计算的固有频率和振型与数值软件的结果符合较好,计算结果可信;该算法收敛较快,数值稳定性较好;所提出的优化方法通过流体与结构材料适当地重新分布,在等体积约束条件下可大幅提高耦合固有频率;在体积缩减的条件下实现最大限度地避免固有频率的降低.     

轮胎试验台转鼓结构的优化设计

为避免试验过程中转鼓在外界激励下发生共振,首先基于拓扑优化原理,以单元密度作为设计变量、体积缩减50％为约束条件、一阶固有频率为设计目标,对“工”字型转鼓的结构进行拓扑优化计算,得出转鼓的伪密度分布图;然后基于转鼓拓扑优化分析结果,改进转鼓的“工”字型结构,并对转鼓的结构尺寸进行50次迭代优化.在转鼓的一阶固有频率高于...     

基于灵敏度分析的车门轻量化研究

利用Hyperworks建立某车型车门的有限元模型,对车门固有频率、下沉刚度进行求解,并通过模态试验验证了有限元模型的有效性。为了提高结构优化效率,采用灵敏度分析方法确定对车门质量、下沉刚度和一阶固有频率敏感的部件。然后,以质量和下沉刚度为设计目标,一阶固有频率为约束条件对车门相应部件厚度尺寸进行多目标优化设计。计算结果显示,优化后的车门质量下降明显,下沉刚度有所提高,且一阶固有频率基本保持不变,实现了结构的轻量化目标。     

竖直方向弹性约束悬臂梁的固有频率分析

针对固定端部竖直方向为弹性约束的悬臂梁结构进行了模态分析.用欧拉-伯努利梁模型,推导出前3阶固有频率方程和振型函数.针对不同刚度,采用数值方法求解固有频率方程,得到固有频率随约束刚度变化的关系曲线.运用最小二乘法对该曲线进行函数拟合.以不同尺度梁为例,通过有限元方法对该拟合函数的正确性进行了验证,其误差小于2%.应用该函数,通过固有频率对端部刚度进行识别,其误差小于6%.     

基于多频约束和解析灵敏度法的大型振动筛优化设计

为解决大型振动筛工作过程中侧板动应力过高易损坏的问题,采用多频约束和解析灵敏度法对振动筛侧板加强筋的结构尺寸进行优化研究.在优化过程中,以振动筛侧板的质量为目标函数,以多个频率作为优化的状态参数,给出适合多频约束的优化准则,并考虑变量参数的解析灵敏度特性.研究结果表明:嵌入解析灵敏度计算方法的优化程序计算效率高,优化结果稳定:优化后侧板质量降低8.27%,2阶弹性变形频率分别提高1.37%和2.97%,达到较好的优化效果;对结构优化后振动筛进行评估,其质量降低2.35%,与工作频率比较接近的3阶弹性变形模态频率分别提高14.17%,12.29%和23.01%;优化后振动筛的固有频率得到提高,模态频率远离激振电机的工作频率,提高了振动筛的刚度和结构的可靠性.     

考虑增材制造填充结构强度的拓扑优化方法

提出了一种针对给定薄壁外形的内填充结构拓扑优化方法,用于设计具有优化结构强度、满足增材制造几何要求的轻量化多孔填充结构.基于p范数函数计算结构最大应力近似值,并以最小化该值为优化目标,以提升填充结构强度.通过在优化模型中考虑局部体积约束,获得多孔填充构型,并进一步提出局部体积上限动态调整策略,提升优化过程稳定性,避免优化过程约束过强导致结构构型和应力响应突变甚至优化失败.此外,考虑了自支撑约束,保证优化所得填充结构自支撑,且支撑给定薄壁外形的悬空区域.引入了基于两场公式的优化模型,确保优化所得填充结构满足增材制造最小尺寸要求.数值算例表明,所提方法优化结果与以最小化柔度为目标的填充结构拓扑优化结果相比,在相同质量下结构强度得到了显著提升.在此基础上,在优化模型中考虑了柔度约束,讨论了填充结构刚度、强度的相互影响规律.     

部分浸入水中弹性支承Timoshenko梁动力特性

研究了部分浸入流体中自由端具有集中质量块的等截面弹性支承Timoshenko悬臂梁横向振动的固有频率和振型特征.考虑梁横截面转动和剪切变形以及集中质量块引起轴向压力的影响,建立了支承处弹性水平位移约束和转动约束耦合情形下悬臂梁横向自由振动的数学模型.由于集中质量块的惯性力和惯性矩,此模型的边界条件与振动频率相关.推导了Timoshenko梁的频率方程和振动模态的广义正交条件.数值研究了集中质量块质量、转动惯量、质心距以及弹簧刚度系数等参数对Timoshenko悬臂梁固有频率的影响.数值结果表明：由于横截面转动和剪切变形效应的影响,相比于Euler-Bernoulli梁模型,Timoshenko梁的固有频率减小,对高阶频率的影响尤为显著;弹簧刚度耦合项的增大将减小梁的固有频率;轴向力的增加将减小梁的低阶固有频率,但对高阶固有频率的影响不大.     

高速列车车厢夹层板断面结构的多目标优化

为获得不同运行速度和工况下的高速列车车厢侧墙结构,在拓扑优化结构的基础上进行了多目标优化研究。将侧墙夹层板质量、柔度、最大变形作为优化目标,以侧墙5段夹层结构的面板和夹心厚度为变量、车厢气压变化梯度为约束函数,利用代理模型技术,建立了各目标、约束函数与变量之间的代理模型,通过非支配遗传算法NSGA-II,得到了多目标的Pareto解集。该Pareto解集中的夹层板结构比拓扑优化得到的夹层板结构的最大变形性能提高了8.21%到33.58%,设计时可根据具体的要求和经验从Pareto解集中进行选择,从而为不同运行速度和工况下的高速列车车厢断面结构的设计提供了多种选择方案。     

基于多目标的汽车前端框架拓扑优化

针对汽车前端框架的结构和工况特点,建立基于Hyperworks的有限元模型,运用带权重的折衷规划法定义综合目标函数来进行多目标拓扑优化,通过灰色关联法和层次分析法分别计算静态多工况下柔度的权重以及动态低阶频率的权重。结果表明：优化后的汽车前端框架最大变形、最大应力分别降低了21.67%、34.39%;第一阶模态提高了10.56%;质量从3.55kg降低到3.32kg减轻了7%。采用多目标拓扑优化后的汽车前端框架不仅有效提高刚度、强度和固有频率性能基础,还能促进汽车前端轻量化水平的提升。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of