硫酸钡除垢剂的研究

通过重量法对几种膦酸盐(酯)类、多官能团有机物类、聚合物类的清垢(BaSO4)能力进行比较。经过大量的实验研究,我们逐步筛选出DTPA、EOTMPS、草酸、MAV2、BS-12几种比较理想的单剂用来复配,得出效果比较好的复配物除垢剂。     

CS—3型除垢剂的研制及其在注水井中的应用

ＣＳ－３型注水井除垢剂是一种能快速解注水系统堵塞的化工产品,主要由溶垢剂、渗透剂、等配制而成。当ＣＳ－３型注水井除垢注入井筒后,能迅速将管柱垢及堵塞物蚀,并利用注水井反洗井将溶蚀物排到地面达到除垢的目的。     

靖边油田油水混输管线清垢剂的研制

通过X-射线衍射确定了靖边油田油水混输管线垢样的组成,根据垢样组成确定了清垢剂组成,用单因素实验法优选了该清垢剂的配方:12%工业盐酸+1.5%表面活性剂A+1.5%渗透剂OP-10+2%铁离子稳定剂+1%缓蚀剂TH-1。考察了反应时间及反应温度对清垢剂除垢效果的影响,结果表明:随着清洗时间及温度升高,清垢率逐渐提高,在温度30℃清洗时间120 min下除垢率可达97%。     

饮水机除垢剂的研制

在分析饮水机垢样的基础上,选择盐酸和缓蚀剂HS-1为主成分,并通过试验,找到各成分的最佳配比,确定产品的最佳使用条件,研制出效果极佳,操作方便,使用安全,价格低廉的饮水机除垢剂.产品经厂家及饮水机用户试用,受到广泛好评.     

大庆外围低渗透油田结垢分析及解决措施

分析了大庆外围低渗透油田成垢原因、垢对油田的危害及目前酸处理垢的弊端,提出了新的除垢防垢措施:采用中性络合除垢并与缓释型防垢剂配合使用,从而实现一次清垢、降低结垢速度,大大延长除垢周期,最终有效、经济、科学地解决大庆外围低渗透油田的“垢捆扰”。     

滴定法与失重法测定溶垢率对比实验研究

目前,实验室通用的评价溶垢剂溶垢效果的方法是失重法。采用失重法评价溶垢效果的实验过程繁琐、样品烘干时间较长、实验误差大。采用一种新的滴定方法评价溶垢剂的溶垢效果,该方法是根据溶垢剂与钡离子、镁离子的反应关系,滴定并计算出螯合型溶垢剂的溶垢率。实验数据准确度高,实验结果重复性好,操作简单快速。为评价新方法较传统的失重法测溶垢率的优越性,分别采用滴定法和失重法,对螯合型溶垢剂LQG-2的溶垢效果和溶垢剂浓度、温度、时间以及p H值等因素对该溶垢剂溶垢效果的影响进行了室内评价。实验结果表明,滴定法所测实验数据稳定性好,操作简便、快速。当硫酸钡含量为0.5 g/100 m L,温度为75℃,溶垢剂浓度为8%,反应时间为24 h时,溶垢率高达79.32%。溶垢剂最佳反应浓度为8%,最佳反应温度为75℃,最佳反应时间24 h。另外,p H值对溶垢效果的影响较大,溶垢率随p H值的增加而明显增大。     

硫酸钡溶垢效果影响因素实验研究

为了研究溶垢剂DEED 溶垢效果的影响因素,采用失重法对溶垢剂开展了溶垢剂浓度、温度、时间以及pH 值 对溶垢效果影响因素实验研究。首先,采用化学方法对溶垢剂的溶垢机理进行分析,得出溶垢剂DEED 中能够与Ba2+ 发生螯合反应的主要官能团,从而更准确合理地解释各因素对溶垢剂溶垢效果的影响。其次,对影响溶垢剂溶垢效果 的因素进行实验研究。在实验条件下,溶垢剂浓度为9% 时,溶垢率高达82.41%。溶垢时间和温度对溶垢效果影响较 大,随着溶垢时间的增加,溶垢率逐渐增加,在前24 h,溶垢率增加幅度较大,符合油田施工要求。在溶垢时间为24 h 时,当温度从25 ?C升高到85 ?C 的过程中,溶垢率由32.02% 增加到82.88%。pH 值对溶垢剂化学结构中羧基的电离 度及鳌合性能影响很大,从而影响溶垢剂溶垢效果,在溶垢时间为24 h 时,当pH 值从6 增加到12 的过程中,溶垢率 从8.37% 增加到81.26%,在油田施工时,可以考虑注入碱性前置液。     

HD-Ⅰ型纳米诱垢剂对硫酸钡垢形成的影响

研究了HD-Ⅰ型纳米诱垢剂对硫酸钡垢形成的影响. 首先,通过改变诱垢剂的加量、Ba2+浓度以及实验温度,考察了该诱垢剂对硫酸钡垢形成过程中诱垢性能的影响,结果表明:(1) 当钡盐浓度为98.25 mg/L时,加入4mg/L的诱垢剂可使结垢率达到最优;(2) 结垢率达到最优时所需诱垢剂的量随Ba2+浓度的增大而减少;(3) 该诱垢剂具有很好的抗温性. 另外,采用浊度分析、X-射线粉末衍射(XRD) 和扫描电子显微镜(SEM) 研究了该诱垢剂对生成的BaSO4沉淀粉末的密度、晶型结构、微粒形貌和颗粒大小的影响. 结果表明:诱垢剂的加入,使生成的沉淀晶体发生了晶格畸变,沉淀变得疏松,沉淀密度和颗粒粒径均明显减小. 最后,对该诱垢剂的诱垢机理进行了理论解释.     

液体洗衣剂配方

重垢液体洗衣剂 1.洗涤棉、麻之类天然织物,活性物为LAS/NI体系: 配方一:有助剂重垢洗衣液基本配方(重量％) 非离子或阴离子表面活性剂 5～15 焦磷酸四钾 20～30 硅酸纳 2～5 聚合稳定剂 0～2     

HD-I型纳米诱垢剂对硫酸钡垢形成的影响

研究了HD-I型纳米诱垢剂对硫酸钡垢形成的影响．首先,通过改变诱垢剂的加量、Ba^2＋浓度以及实验温度,考察了该诱垢剂对硫酸钡垢形成过程中诱垢性能的影响,结果表明：（1）当钡盐浓度为98．25mg／L时,加入4mg／L的诱垢剂可使结垢率达到最优;（2）结垢率达到最优时所需诱垢剂的量随Ba^2＋浓度的增大而减少;（3）该诱垢剂具有很好的抗温性．另外,采用浊度分析、X-射线粉末衍射（XRD）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）研究了该诱垢剂对生成的BaSO4沉淀粉末的密度、晶型结构、微粒形貌和颗粒大小的影响．结果表明：诱垢剂的加入,使生成的沉淀晶体发生了晶格畸变,沉淀变得疏松,沉淀密度和颗粒粒径均明显减小．最后,对该诱垢剂的诱垢机理进行了理论解释．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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