基于非线性梁理论的复合材料机翼气动弹性优化研究

将复合材料机翼模拟成盒形梁。考虑变形的几何非线性,建立简单、精确的气弹模型进行优化裁剪研究。以颤振速度为约束条件,运用均匀导数准则对复合材料各铺层厚度进行优化,以获得质量最轻的设计。研究表明:机翼一阶扭转模态是颤振危险模态。颤振速度对复合材料45o铺层敏度最大。优化结果中增加了45o铺层厚度以增加结构扭转刚度,减小了0o和90o铺层厚度以优化质量。将低阶非线性梁模型与均匀导数准则相结合的方法具有精度合理、收敛快的优点,适用于复合材料机翼的气弹工程优化。     

基于载荷设计的电动飞机复合材料机翼结构优化方法及试验验证

基于柔度法静气弹分析方法,对电动飞机复合材料机翼考虑气动弹性载荷的结构优化方法进行研究。以考虑翼型弯度的涡格法计算机翼气动载荷,并与CFD计算结果进行对比,验证其准确性。使用遗传算法对机翼结构进行铺层优化,以铺层度及铺层角度百分比为优化变量,结构重量最低为优化目标,强度及复合材料工艺性作为设计约束,对机翼结构进行优化,计算强度时考虑气动弹性载荷。最后通过静力试验验证仿真结果的准确性。研究表明直机翼考虑气动弹性载荷后翼根弯矩、剪力及扭矩均有增加,基于该优化方法可设计合适的机翼结构刚度,在满足强度设计要求同时能达到减重目的。     

发动机推力对大展弦比机翼颤振边界的影响

为解决现有线性气动力模型对大柔性机翼受发动机推力影响的气动稳定性分析方法的不足,提出了基于计算流体力学(CFD)与Simo几何精确梁模型的非线性气动弹性分析方法。以翼吊式发动机的大展弦比机翼为研究对象,采用横向随动力和集中质量模拟发动机推力和吊挂质量,分别研究了单纯发动机推力和考虑气动载荷联合作用时,发动机推力、结构弯扭刚度比、发动机集中质量以及发动机安装位置等参数对机翼结构颤振特性的影响。数值模拟所采用的大展弦比柔性机翼非线性气动弹性模型耦合了Simo几何精确梁模型和雷诺平均N-S非定常气动力模型,考虑了结构和流场的两场非线性耦合。模拟结果表明:发动机推力对机翼颤振边界影响很大,具体的影响效果取决于上述其他参数的变化;发动机吊舱靠近翼根布置、发动机尽量布置在机翼弹性轴之前、减小机翼弯扭刚度比等布局或设置有利于扩大机翼的颤振包线范围。因此,在进行翼吊式气动布局的设计或分析时,必须考虑发动机推力及其相关参数的影响。     

基于气动弹性载荷的电动飞机复合材料机翼结构优化及试验验证

基于柔度法静气弹分析方法,对电动飞机复合材料机翼考虑气动弹性载荷的结构优化方法进行研究。以考虑翼型弯度的涡格法计算机翼气动载荷,并与计算流体力学(CFD)计算结果进行对比,验证其准确性。使用遗传算法对机翼结构进行铺层优化,以铺层度及铺层角度百分比为优化变量,结构质量最低为优化目标,强度及复合材料工艺性作为设计约束,对机翼结构进行优化,计算强度时考虑气动弹性载荷。最后通过静力试验验证仿真结果的准确性。研究表明直机翼考虑气动弹性载荷后翼根弯矩、剪力及扭矩均有增加,基于该优化方法可设计合适的机翼结构刚度,在满足强度设计要求同时能达到减重目的。     

发动机推力对大展弦比机翼颤振边界影响研究

为解决现有线性气动力模型对大柔性机翼受发动机推力影响的气动稳定性分析方法的不足,提出了基于计算流体力学(CFD)与Simo几何精确梁耦合的非线性气动弹性分析方法。以翼吊式发动机的大展弦比机翼为研究对象,采用横向随动力和集中质量模拟发动机推力和吊挂质量,分别研究了单纯发动机推力和考虑气动载荷联合作用时,发动机推力、结构弯扭刚度比、发动机集中质量以及发动机安装位置等参数对机翼结构颤振特性的影响。数值模拟所采用的大展弦比柔性机翼非线性气动弹性模型耦合了Simo几何精确梁模型和雷诺平均N-S非定常气动力模型,考虑了结构和流场的两场非线性耦合。模拟结果表明:发动机推力对机翼颤振边界影响很大,具体的影响效果取决于上述其他参数的变化;发动机吊舱靠近翼根布置、发动机尽量布置在机翼弹性轴之前、减小机翼弯扭刚度比等布局或设置有利于扩大机翼的颤振包线范围。因此,在进行翼吊式气动布局的设计或分析时,必须考虑发动机推力及其相关参数的影响。     

发动机推力对大展弦比机翼颤振边界影响研究

为解决现有线性气动力模型对大柔性机翼受发动机推力影响的气动稳定性分析方法的不足,提出了基于计算流体力学(CFD)与Simo几何精确梁耦合的非线性气动弹性分析方法。以翼吊式发动机的大展弦比机翼为研究对象,采用横向随动力和集中质量模拟发动机推力和吊挂质量,分别研究了单纯发动机推力和考虑气动载荷联合作用时,发动机推力、结构弯扭刚度比、发动机集中质量以及发动机安装位置等参数对机翼结构颤振特性的影响。数值模拟所采用的大展弦比柔性机翼非线性气动弹性模型耦合了Simo几何精确梁模型和雷诺平均N-S非定常气动力模型,考虑了结构和流场的两场非线性耦合。模拟结果表明:发动机推力对机翼颤振边界影响很大,具体的影响效果取决于上述其他参数的变化;发动机吊舱靠近翼根布置、发动机尽量布置在机翼弹性轴之前、减小机翼弯扭刚度比等布局或设置有利于扩大机翼的颤振包线范围。因此,在进行翼吊式气动布局的设计或分析时,必须考虑发动机推力及其相关参数的影响。     

翼挂副油箱对颤振特性影响分析

机翼下面加挂副油箱可增加飞机的航程和续航时间;但会导致机翼弯扭频率降低,致使机翼颤振临界速度下降。以某型运输机翼加挂副油箱为例,设计制造了缩比颤振模型;并建立了有限元模型。通过理论数值分析和模型风洞试验,研究了副油箱油量和悬挂系统刚度的变化对颤振特性的影响。研究表明加挂副油箱后机翼颤振速度明显下降,副油箱在25%燃油时颤振速度达到最低;而改变悬挂系统刚度对颤振速度没有影响。     

高超声速二元机翼迟滞非线性热颤振

采用三阶活塞理论计算非定常气动力,考虑高超声速下气动加热对扭转刚度的影响,对具有结构迟滞非线性的高超声速二元机翼进行热颤振分析,比较不同厚度比对二元机翼的线颤振速度的影响。研究结果表明:高超声速气动热效应降低了机翼的颤振速度;机翼的厚度比对热颤振速度有较大的影响,热颤振速度随厚度比的增大而增大。高超声速二元机翼的非线性热颤振表现为极限环振荡,通过poincare截面获得机翼响应振幅的分岔图;系统分岔速度小于线颤振速度,极限环振动的幅值随流速的增大而迅速增大。     

不可压缩流中机翼外挂系统的分叉分析

考虑二元机翼外挂系统的三自由度动力学模型,建立了准定常气动力作用下机翼外挂系统的运动微分方程,通过Hopf分叉理论和数值模拟,研究了具有立方刚度非线性系统的颤振问题,并研究了系统临界颤振速度随线性刚度系数的变化规律。结果表明,机翼外挂系统将出现亚临界Hopf分叉,另外,随着线性刚度系数的增加,系统的临界颤振速度将减小。     

复合材料机翼上壁板剖面形状选择研究

目前复合材料作为一种密度低、比强度和比刚度高的先进材料,已经广泛应用于飞机机翼的主承力结构中。如A350和B787外翼翼盒壁板(蒙皮+长桁)为复合材料长桁加筋壁板。复合材料外翼上壁板概念设计阶段,首要解决的问题是壁板剖面形状选择问题。本文讨论了复合材料长桁加筋壁板的稳定性、工艺性和维修性以及如何在定义壁板剖面初始尺寸时综合考虑维修性和工艺性问题,分析了壁板临界欧拉柱屈曲失稳模式,并确定上壁板剖面基本形状。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the