虚拟样机技术的技术与方法体系研究

虚拟样机技术是以虚拟样机为核心、仿真为手段、各种CAx/DFx为工具的一种数字化设计方法和手段。提出一种虚拟样机技术的技术与方法体系,它包括虚拟样机、基于虚拟样机的仿真技术、针对虚拟样机的管理技术、各种实用工具的集成技术和人机界面技术。分别论述了各种技术和方法的主要内容,包括虚拟样机的定义、特性和建模方法,多领域、多学科仿真的类型、方法和基本特征,虚拟样机的管理技术,以及各种工具的总体集成框架和方法。     

基于网格的先进分布式仿真综述

当前的先进分布式仿真技术部分解决了模型的互操作和重用问题,但是它在支持强健的系统性能、仿真资源管理和仿真活动协作方面存在缺陷。网格技术支持动态异构环境、资源的优化管理和强健的系统性能,将网格技术应用于先进分布式仿真领域能够弥补现有先进分布式仿真技术存在的这些缺陷。该文提出了基于网格的先进分布式仿真,从仿真系统性能增强、仿真资源管理、仿真技术集成与机构协作、以及仿真网格四个方面综述了相关的研究成果,在仿真资源管理中提出了一种仿真资源分类方法,接着概述了基于网格的先进分布式仿真技术在国防军事、工业、生物医学和环境等方面的应用现状,最后展望了发展方向。     

云服务环境下的互联网市场结构变迁

在规模经济和网络外部性效应作用下,互联网市场日趋走向"赢者通吃"的垄断型市场结构.然而,云服务的出现降低了竞争门槛并改变了企业成本结构,使在位企业垄断地位受到巨大冲击.本文通过分析"自建服务"和"云服务"两种服务模式特点,建立了在位垄断企业和潜在竞争企业间的市场竞争模型,并提出三个重要命题,研究发现:云服务成本结构、转换成本和市场规模等变量共同影响在位企业和竞争企业的微观市场行为,并最终决定宏观市场结构.本文为理解新兴技术条件下的互联网市场运行机制提供了理论基础.     

空间攻防对抗体系的建模与仿真研究

分析了空间攻防对抗体系涵盖的内容，并对先进仿真技术、空间攻防对抗体系建模技术及其仿真技术进行了分析，并在此基础上建立了两个典型的空间攻防对抗仿真平台。研究过程中重点对空间攻防体系总体模型、空闽信息及信息对抗仿真模型、导弹武器突防仿真模型、空间导弹拦截系统仿真模型、反卫星仿真模型、空间攻防体系评估技术、仿真系统实现技术等进行了研究。     

Technical Note ：SINGLE-PERIOD TWO-PRODUCT INVENTORY MODEL WITH SUBSTITUTION： SOLUTION AND PROPERTIES

In this paper, we study a single-period two-product inventory model with stochastic demands and downward substitution. The optimal order quantities are presented and some properties are provided. Comparing with newsboy model, we prove that both the profit and the fill rate can be improved by using the substitution policy. This work was supported partly by NSFC/RGC Joint Research Program under grant 79910161987 and the National Science Foundation of China (79825102, 70231010, 70321001). Lianqiao CAI is lecturer of School of International Business, Beijing Foreign Studies University. He received his B.S. and M.S. from School of Economics and Management, Tsinghua University, in 1995 and 1998, and Ph.D of Management Science from Tsinghua University in 2002. His research areas include supply chain management, optimization techniques. Jian Chen is Professor and Chairman of the Management Science Department and co-director of the Research Center for Contemporary Management, Tsinghua University. He has over 80 papers published in some leading international journals and first class Chinese journals, and has been a principal investigator for over 20 grants or research contracts with National Science Foundation of China, governmental organizations, and companies. His main research interests include supply chain management, E-commerce, modeling and control for complex systems, decision support systems and information systems, and forecast and optimization techniques. He serves as associate editor of the “IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics: Part A” and “IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics: Part C”, and on the Editorial Board of “The International Journal of Electronic Business” and “System Research and Behavioral Science”. He is the recipient of the Outstanding Contribution Award of IEEE Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Society in 1996, and the Young Scientist Award of China in 1992. He was Secretary General of the 1996 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics in Beijing, Co-chair of the IPC of 1998 International Conference on Systems Science and Systems Engineering, Chair of the First Asian eBiz Workshop in 2001, Co-chair of the Asian eBiz Workshop in 2002 and 2003, and Co-chair of the international conference on Global Supply Chain Management in 2002. Houmin Yan received his B.S. and M.S. from the Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, in 1982 and 1985, respectively, and his Ph.D. from the Faculty of Management, University of Toronto in 1993. From Jan. 1994, he is with the Department of Systems Engineering and Engineering Management, the Chinese University of Hong Kong as an Assistance, Associate and Full Professor. He was a tenured Associate Professor at School of Management, the Univ. of Texas at Dallas. His main research areas are operations management, stochastic models, simulations, and supply chain management. He has published in journals such as Operations Research, Manufacturing and Service Operations Management, Production and Operations Management, Journal of Optimization: Theory and Applications, IIE Transactions and IEEE Transactions. He consults several high-tech companies, such as Motorola, C&K Systems, and Oriental Power, on issues spanning from production planning and scheduling, supply chain management to business process re-engineering. He is a member of INFORMS.     

线上线下融合的新零售模式运营管理研究现状与展望

近年来,线上线下融合的新零售模式得到了飞速发展,加速了中国乃至世界零售业的新变革,极大地影响和改变了人们的生产和消费方式.这种新模式实现线上线下优势互补、催生新的商务模式.伴随着这一新零售模式的飞速发展和落地实践,它所呈现出的协同性、集成性、网络化、数字化和智能化等特征,给新零售企业的运作管理带来了前所未有的挑战,使其面临重重困难.本文将从价值共创的视角,对新零售模式运营管理的几个核心问题展开剖析,重点从线上线下融合相关的基于价值共创的新零售模式创新、多利益主体协同运作激励机制、消费者需求拉动下的全渠道产品动态定价、新零售模式的全渠道运营库存管理以及"最后一公里"物流即时-协同配送优化等方面对国内外的相关研究进行综述,并展望未来研究的发展趋势.     

Fundamentals of the analytic network process — multiple networks with benefits,costs, opportunities and risks

The general theory of the ANP enables one to deal with the benefits, opportunities, costs, and risks (the BOCR merits) of a decision, by introducing the notion of negative priorities for C and R along with the rating (not comparison) of the top priority alternative synthesized for each of the four merits in terms of strategic criteria to enable one to combine the four B, O, C, and R values of each alternative into a single outcome. Strategic criteria are very basic criteria individuals and groups use to assess whether they should make any of the many decisions they face in their daily operations. They do not depend on any particular decision for their priorities but are assessed in terms of the goals and values of the individual or organization. Synthesis is made with two formulas, one multiplicative and one additive subtractive that can give rise to negative overall priorities. This paper summarizes and illustrates basic complex decisions involving several control criteria under each of the BOCR merits. Thomas L. Saaty holds the Chair of University Professor, Katz Graduate School of Business, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, and obtained his Ph.D. in mathematics from Yale University. Before that he was a professor at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania for ten years. Prior to that he spent seven years at the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency in the State Department in Washington, DC, that carried out the arms reduction negotiations with the Soviets in Geneva. His current research interests include decision-making, planning, conflict resolution and synthesis in the brain. As a result of his search for an effective means to deal with weapons tradeoffs at the Disarmament Agency and, more generally, with decision-making and resource allocation, Professor Saaty developed The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and its generalization to dependence and feedback, the Analytic Network Process (ANP). He is co-developer of the software Expert Choice and of the software Super Decisions for decisions with dependence and feedback. He has authored or co-authored twelve books on the AHP/ANP. Professor Saaty has also written a number of other books that embrace a variety of topics, including Modern Nonlinear Equations, Nonlinear Mathematics, Graph Theory, The Four Color Problem, Behavioral Mathematics, Queuing Theory, Optimization in Integers, Embracing the Future and The Brain: Unraveling the Mystery of How It Works. His most recent book is Creative Thinking, Problem Solving & Decision Making. The book is a rich collection of ideas, incorporating research by a growing body of researchers and practitioners, profiles of creative people, projects and products, theory, philosophy, physics and metaphysics...all explained with a liberal dose of humor. He has published more than 300 referred articles in a wide variety of professional journals. He has been on the editorial boards of Mathematical Reviews, Operations Research, Naval Research Logistics Quarterly, Mathematical and Computer Modeling, Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Applied Mathematics Letters, and several others. He also served as consultant to many corporations and government.     

基于Petri网的铁水运输系统DEDS对象建模

宝钢铁水运输仿真系统针对仿真系统的各个实体，包括高炉出铁口、高炉出铁线、脱硫问、倒罐站、前、后扒渣间、倒渣间、电炉、锭模、铸铁机、炉窑、TPC、机车和铁路，利用Petri网建立了模型。应用宝钢铁水运输计算机仿真系统，对宝钢2高炉易地大修工程区域的20种方案进行仿真试验，通过不同方案下仿真结果的比较，得出了2高炉易地大修区域铁路布局和铁水运输调度方式的优化方案。     

车载导航技术现状及其发展趋势

随着国民经济的不断发展和人民生活水平的不断提高，人们对交通信息的需求与日俱增。车载导航系统融合了车辆、交通、计算机、通信、系统科学等领域的相关技术，已成为交通导航的重要工具。本文系统阐述了车栽导航系统的定位技术、动态路径规划方法、导航电子地图数据动态维护与更新、交通信息的采集、处理与发布、道路交通状况的预测等关键技术及其在国内外的发展现状．指出了各项技术目前存在的一些缺陷，并展望了车载导航技术的发展趋势。     

天网综合仿真和演示验证系统

天网是以卫星星座为基本架构，通过星际的通信链路形成覆盖全球的天基通信网络。它对社会发展、科技进步以及军队的信息化有着重大的推动作用。由于天网的移动性、通信的偶断性、外设接入的复杂性以及使用的综合性，从而研制天网具有巨大的挑战。有必要通过综合仿真，验证天网总体需求、总体设计方案、关键技术指标和研制的约束条件，形成科学的可行性报告。介绍了天网综合仿真的概念，设计了天网的仿真平台，实现了天网综合仿真和演示验证系统，并通过实例获得天网数字仿真数据评估天网设计性能。     

吐鲁番盆地的水资源及其合理开发利用探讨

吐鲁番盆地为东天山山间断陷盆地,地形封闭,气候极端干旱,年均降水量16．6mm,年蒸发量达2845mm,是我国极旱荒漠区之一。开发历史悠久,尤其是近50多年以来,从传统绿洲农业经济向现代绿洲经济发展。对于极端干旱的吐鲁番盆地而言,水资源的多寡及利用方式,决定着该区域的最大承载能力,也决定着处于荒漠包围中的绿洲的环境状况,尤其是水资源的使用与分配制约着经济的生存与发展。以水资源为主线,探讨极端干旱区绿洲经济发展具有重要意义。在吐鲁番盆地实地考察、历年统计资料和水资源的形成机制、基本特征及开发利用现状分析的基础上,对该区域水资源开发利用方面存在的问题作了充分剖析,探讨了吐鲁番盆地水资源合理开发的基本对策及可行的途径。图1,表7,参5。     

技术创新项目群资源配置模型

为解决技术创新项目群的资源分配问题,首先以研发人员为主要资源,分析了技术创新项目群资源配置的步骤和假设条件,然后提出以时间目标、成本目标和质量目标作为约束条件,构建了以时间、成本和质量为变量的多属性效用函数。在此基础上,以多项目间的时间、成本和质量的综合优化为目的,建立了技术创新项目群资源配置的数学规划模型。最后通过技术创新项目群实例验证了该模型的有效性,可以为国防技术创新项目资源配置提供决策支持。     

参数效应的仿真与反馈环及延迟三组合分析法——以场供给侧改革为例

规划落实、政策执行、措施实施皆是通过参数调控系统相关发展速度实现,为此进行参数调控流率效应方法研究.调控流率效应研究必须建立参数调控的可靠性高的模型,必须进行仿真、反馈环、延迟3组合分析,才可能具体清楚回答运行中的问题,实际应用需要,查文献还未见此种三组合分析法,为此,进行"参数调控流率入树建模和仿真、反馈环、延迟三组合分析法"研究.顶天立地,通过南昌大学系统工程科研教学基地明鑫农场供给侧改革,生产雷竹笋、有机鱼、有机生猪特色农产品系统实例,阐述此"三组合分析法".首先基于逐树设撤关联数结构行为检验法,建立场的8参数调控的8棵流率基本入树可靠性高的模型.接着,依据实际分析与场规划,分别确定8参数的调控区间,设参数的调控区间最小值组合为最不满意方案,区间最大值组合为最满意方案,对两方案进行参数调控效应仿真分析.随后,建立8阶参数枝向量行列式计算反馈环,获12条参数调控反馈环.接着,分别围绕雷竹笋产业、有机鱼产业和开发青饲料发展有机猪促进圈养猪转型3个子系统的6条反馈环分别进行反馈环结构图、反馈环正负极性、延迟阶数确定研究后,进行仿真、反馈环、延迟3结合具体分析结果,然后,依据3结合的具体分析和反馈环、延迟原理,提出了供给侧改革的操作性强的管理思路与技术.通过研究,建立了实际背景强的"参数调控入树流率建模和仿真、反馈环、延迟三组合分析"新方法.     

基于改进SIR epiDEM模型的社会网络营销有效性及仿真

在信息传播动力学及传统SIR epiDEM模型的基础上,结合社会网络营销的特点构建改进的SIR epiDEM信息传播模型.将消费者自身特性、消费者之间关系、市场的划分、消费者不同市场间的移动以及竞争者的影响等五个要素融入到构建的模型当中.通过Netlogo软件先后进行了包括44个子实验的四组仿真试验,研究市场规模、感染率、直接免疫率、恢复率、信息的存活时间、自我隔离发生率及竞争者数量7个因素的变化对社会网络营销有效性的影响.实验结果显示:市场规模、感染率、信息的存活时间的增加在一定条件下能够提高社会网络营销的有效性,而直接免疫率、恢复率、自我隔离率、竞争者在一定条件下对社会网络营销的有效性具有削弱作用,尤其是恢复率和竞争者的数量削弱作用更为明显.最后,结合试验结果从市场规模、营销强度、消费者特征、竞争者及其影响等四个方面归纳出提高社会网络营销有效性的策略.     

群集智能特性分析及其对复杂系统研究的意义

鉴于直接以一般复杂系统为研究对象探讨其运行机制，难度太大，本文提出借助一类具体的复杂系统——具有群集智能涌现特性的生物蚁群和鸟群系统的行为规律研究，作为认识一般复杂系统运行机制的桥梁和过渡。在论述蚁群觅食、蚁群墓地构造、蚁群劳动分工和鸟群觅食这几类典型的群集智能行为的生物学原型的基础上，深入分析了群集智能的系统特征和所蕴涵的分布式、自组织和正反馈等重要特性，并给出了翔实的论述说明。进而根据文中阐述的群集智能特性，从多个方面概括总结了其对复杂系统研究的意义，包括揭示复杂系统的运行机制、促进人脑复杂性的研究、推进组织管理模式的创新和提升智能科学的发展水平。最后对群集智能目前存在的问题和今后有待研究的课题进行了总结和展望。     

西部地区农业专业化发展及主要作物比较优势的衡量

通过对西部地区农业专业化生产中存在问题的分析,引入单产比较优势、区位比较优势、综合比较优势,对西部各省区水稻、小麦、玉米、豆类、薯类、油菜、棉花、糖料、烟草、蔬菜和瓜果11类主要农作物在全国的比较优势进行了衡量,并对在全国具有综合比较优势的农产品进行了排名,为地区作物布局提供了参考依据。表5,参5。     

基于虚拟现实技术的地球太空环境仿真

描述了一种地球太空环境的仿真,采用几何计算构建地球形状模型,将地球划分为128块（经线方向16块和纬线方向8块）,计算得到每块区域顶点坐标,法向量,纹理坐标;使用MipMap技术根据视点与每块区域距离变化选择不同精度纹理粘贴;实时判断该区域的可见性,剔除不可见区域减少绘制开销;并采用cg和NormalMap技术将normal图与地球纹理图进行处理,实现地球表面的轮廓凹凸效果,同时添加云层纹理,得到了由地球纹理,云层纹理及NormalMap的多层混合纹理,达到比较逼真的效果;另外采用Billboard技术和纹理融合技术实现地球大气层光晕效果,使用了LensFlare技术实现太阳照射效果,最后采用skybox技术实现星空背景效果。

Abstract：

A simulation of earth and space environment was describedr.The whole earth was cut into 128 parts,16 in longitude,8 in latitude,and the position of vertices,normal vectors,texture coordinate were computed by geometry.Different resolutions of texture were chosen according to the distance from the eye to the area presented by the technique MipMap.The unvisible parts were eliminated by judging the parts’ visibility in realtime.Using the techniques of Cg,NormalMap and the mixture of the textures of the earth,the clouds and the multi-layered clouds,the relatively vivid result for representing the surface of the earth was achieved.Moreover,the technique of Billboard,Lensflare,SkyBox and texture blending were used to show the shine of atmosphere,sunshine,and the background of space.     

界面矛盾运动规律的逻辑推演

界面矛盾形成原因以及界面矛盾运动规律的探索，是解决系统内部界面矛盾与冲突的两个基本前提。通过逻辑推理，推演出界面矛盾的运动规律曲线，将界面矛盾运动和发展过程分为五个阶段，即创立期、分歧期、磨合期、平稳期和危机期，并对各个阶段的矛盾属性、表现特征和主要原因进行了阐述，最后从哲学思辨的角度，论述了界面矛盾运动规律研究对界面管理的启示。     

医院病床设置系统的仿真

建立了整个医院病床设置系统的仿真模型——多队列、多服务台并联的排队系统,分析了系统的结构特征。结合一个具体实例,利用统计方法确定出模型的运行参数。在Arena仿真环境下,对实例的仿真过程作了具体说明。     

液体推进剂导弹全动力系统稳态故障仿真(一)

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