饥饿与补偿生长对军曹鱼幼鱼能量收支的影响

采用室内生态实验法研究了军曹鱼（Rachycentron canadum）幼鱼（初始体重(17.43±0.85) g分别饥饿0（对照组）,2,4,6,8 d后的补偿生长规律,探讨军曹鱼幼鱼补偿生长的生物能量学机制.结果表明：随着饥饿时间的延长,幼鱼的能量及体重损失率显著升高;恢复生长过程中,饥饿处理组幼鱼的平均日摄食率（能量指标）均高于对照组,其中以饥饿8 d组幼鱼的平均日摄食率最高（17.20%）;幼鱼在恢复生长过程中的能量、湿重及干重特定生长率均随着饥饿时间的延长而呈上升趋势;军曹鱼幼鱼在饥饿后的恢复生长过程中通过提高摄食率来实现其完全补偿生长能力;军曹鱼幼鱼在饱食条件下的能量收支方程为100.00C = 38.33G + 15.06F + 7.22U + 39.39R,同化能分配式为100.00A = 49.32G + 50.68R.     

饥饿状态下大黄鱼幼鱼能量收支的研究

研究了饥饿状态下黄鱼幼鱼的能量收支。结果表明，其排汇能及代谢能与体质量均成指数关系，排泄能与温度正相关，代谢能与温度之间为二次函数关系，体质量以饥饿状态下的能量分配模式没有显著影响，其平均能量收支方程为：30．23U＋69．77R－100G＝0，能量分配模式随温度的变化而呈显著的变化。     

饥饿对鲇鱼幼鱼静止代谢率的影响

本实验在25℃条件下对鲇鱼幼鱼(29.41~44.45 g)进行了60 d的饥饿处理,每天测定3次耗氧率。结果显示:鲇鱼幼鱼在饥饿60 d后,其静止代谢率由63.19±3.68降至22.38±1.36 mgO2kg-1h-1,下降了64.58%;通过对静止代谢率变化的分析,发现存在有3个相对稳定期:其代谢水平分别为41.62±0.34、34.72±0.55和27.59±0.52 mgO2kg-1h-1(P<0.05),持续时间分别为10、14和27 d。实验结果表明:鲇鱼幼鱼采用降低代谢水平的方式来适应饥饿环境;静止代谢率越低,则相对稳定期历时越长。     

温度对大黄鱼(Pseudosciaena crocea)幼鱼生长和养殖水质的影响

设置养殖水体温度为22℃、24℃、26℃、28℃和30℃5个试验组,饲养平均体质量为1.25±0.01 g的大黄鱼幼鱼40 d,研究温度对大黄鱼幼鱼生长和养殖水质的影响.研究结果表明,温度对大黄鱼幼鱼的生长有显著影响(P＜0.05),温度对大黄鱼幼鱼的存活率没有显著影响(P＞0.05).大黄鱼幼鱼的最适生长温度约28℃,在该温度下,大黄鱼幼鱼的质量相对增加率、特定生长率和饲料效率都达到最高,分别为118.40±2.15％、1.98±0.02％·d-1和82.48±3.05％;水体NH4+-N和NO2--N在试验后期都下降.     

急性降温对青鱼幼鱼游泳能力的影响

为了研究急性降温对鱼类的行为及代谢的影响,本实验设置25℃→25℃,25℃→15℃,15℃→15℃(驯化温度→实验温度)3个温度组,采用自制鱼类能量游泳装置测定了青鱼(体长8.87±0.75cm,体重11.86±3.60g)临界游泳速度(Ucrit)、耗氧率(MO2)以及疲劳后的恢复耗氧率.研究结果表明:青鱼在3个温度组Ucrit分别是11.32±0.29BL/s、8.04±0.38BL/s和7.73±0.25BL/s,急性降温(25℃→15℃)组的Ucrit是15℃→15℃组的96.2%,降低了3.8%,差异性不显著(P0.05),急性降温在短时间内抑制青鱼幼鱼游泳速度,影响不显著;MO2随着流速的增加而增大,耗氧率与流速关系分别为25℃→25℃:MO2=49.138U+365.990,R2=0.995;15℃→15℃:MO2=42.886U+315.002,R2=0.972;25℃→15℃:MO2=37.265U+259.987,R2=0.973;随着温度升高,耗氧率增大,急性降温对鱼类的耗氧率有抑制作用;疲劳后继续测定耗氧状况,90min内恢复耗氧率均呈先降低后逐渐趋于平稳,恢复耗氧率分别为25℃→25℃:73.14 mgO2/kg,25℃→15℃:102.47mgO2/kg,15℃→15℃,89.38mgO2/kg.研究表明:急性降温对青鱼幼鱼游泳特性具有显著的影响,并且对其行为产生胁迫作用,研究有利于为鱼道的建设提供数据资料,对鱼类的保护具有重要的意义.     

斜带石斑鱼仔稚鱼生长和摄食的研究

于2003~2004年对人工培育的斜带石斑鱼(Epinephelus coioides)仔鱼、稚鱼和幼鱼的生长和摄食进行了研究.在水温28.5~31.0℃,盐度31.4~34.3条件下,初孵仔鱼经39 d培育变态为幼鱼.全长(L/mm)与日龄(D/d)的关系式为L=2.039 8e0.076 7D;体质量(M/mg)与日龄(D/d)的关系式为M=0.065 8e0.252 8D;全长(L/mm)和体质量(M/mg)的关系式为M=0.006 5L3.267 3.对170尾仔、稚、幼鱼的解剖观察结果表明,摄食率达95.88%,饱食率达77.65%.饱食量(F/mg)与体质量(M/mg)呈直线相关,F=0.043 3M-0.003 9,大多数仔稚鱼在30 min内可以饱食.仔鱼对轮虫的消化时间为1~2 h,稚鱼对卤虫无节幼体和桡足类的消化时间分别为1.5~3 h和2~4 h.斜带石斑鱼仔稚鱼的摄食强度具有明显的昼夜节律性,仔鱼白天摄食、晚上不摄食,前期仔鱼在8:00和18:00摄食量较大,后期仔鱼在8:00和16:00摄食量较大,稚鱼昼夜均摄食,摄食高峰期出现在中午12:00.     

亚硝酸钠对三疣梭子蟹幼体的急性毒性

以三疣梭子蟹各期幼体为实验对象,以发育次日为实验起点,对其进行了亚硝酸氮的急性毒性实验。结果表明:亚硝酸盐对三疣梭子蟹Z1期幼体饥饿和饱食两种状态下72 h半致死浓(LC50)分别为为2.282mg/L和2.736 mg/L,Z2期幼体分别为9.955 mg/L和11.541mg/L,Z3期幼体分别为19.487mg/L和30.336mg/L,Z4期幼体分别为14.243 mg/L和15.568 mg/L,M期幼体分别为69.110 mg/L和126.020 mg/L;饥饿与饱食状态下72 h半致死浓度无显著差异;三疣梭子蟹育苗池亚硝酸盐含量应控制在0.228mg/L以下。最后就亚硝酸盐对三疣梭子蟹幼体的急性毒性效应和急性致毒机理进行了分析与探讨。     

鱼类活动代谢的研究进展

鱼类生物能量学主要研究鱼类个体或种群内能量收支各组分间的定量模式及其与生态因子之间的关系.Warren&Davis(1967)提出了鱼类生物能量学的基本方程: C=G+F+U+Ms+SDA+Ma M=Ms+SDA+Ma 式中C指摄入食物能;G指鱼体生长能;F和U分别指粪便和排泄物损失能;Ms指标准代谢;SDA指营养物质在体内消化和转化的耗能;Ma指活动代谢;M指日总代谢. 活动代谢(activity metabolism)是指鱼类自发游泳活动的能量支出,它是能量收支基本方程中变异     

4种重金属离子对黑鲷幼鱼的急性毒性研究

以体长(5.09±0.71)cm、体质量(2.09±0.66)g的黑鲷幼鱼为实验动物,采用静水停食试验法,在水温(28.8±1.6)℃,pH 8.24条件下,开展了Zn2+、Cr6+、Cu2+、Hg2+4种重金属离子对黑鲷幼鱼的急性毒性试验。结果表明,Zn2+对黑鲷幼鱼的24h、48 h、72 h、96 h LC50分别为11.53 mg/L、10.15 mg/L、6.56 mg/L、6.09 mg/L;Cr6+对黑鲷幼鱼的24 h、48 h、72 h、96 h LC50分别为31.48 mg/L、24.31 mg/L、23.01 mg/L、23.01 mg/L;Cu2+对黑鲷幼鱼的24 h、48 h、72 h、96 h LC50分别为2.75 mg/L、1.55 mg/L、1.30 mg/L、1.06 mg/L;Hg2+对黑鲷幼鱼的24 h、48 h、72 h、96 h LC50分别为0.098 8 mg/L、0.098 1 mg/L、0.089 2 mg/L,0.0742 mg/L。4种重金属离子对黑鲷幼鱼的毒性强度由高到低依次为Hg2+、Cu2+、Zn2+、Cr6+。最后还就重金属离子对黑鲷幼鱼的致毒特征、对黑鲷幼鱼早期发育的影响,以及水环境中重金属离子的毒性评价与控制进行了探讨。     

氨氮和亚硝态氮对大黄鱼幼鱼的急性毒性效应

在水温(23±1)℃,盐度20,pH值7.4~7.5,溶解氧大于5.0 mg/L的条件下研究了氨氮和亚硝态氮对体质量为(31.54±0.99)g的大黄鱼幼鱼的急性毒性效应.试验结果表明,氨氮对大黄鱼幼鱼的24、48、72和96 h的半致死浓度LC50及安全浓度SC分别为37.34、20.97、17.59、12.45及1.25 mg/L,对应的非离子氨的半致死浓度LC50及安全浓度SC分别为0.46、0.25、0.21、0.15及0.015 mg/L,亚硝态氮对大黄鱼幼鱼的24、48、72和96 h的半致死浓度LC50及安全浓度SC分别为137.45、94.02、72.81、50.06及5.01 mg/L.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that