石蒜单染色体的显微分离及体外扩增

建立了石蒜单染色体的分离及体外扩增的方法。石蒜根尖经卡诺固定液固定后，再用果胶酶和纤维素酶酶解处理，制得标本，在倒置显微镜下，用自制的毛细管针挑取目的的染色体。将分离的石蒜染色体放入0．2mLEppedorf管中，经蛋白酶K处理后，进行DOP－PCR扩增，获得DNA片段。琼脂糖凝胶电泳显示扩增产物的长度大约为100－5000bp。此法为构建石蒜单染色体基因组库和筛选其特异性探针奠定了基础。     

2种PCR技术扩增微分离的蚕豆染色体

用接头介导的PCR (polymerase chain reaction, LA-PCR) 和简并寡核苷酸PCR(DOP-PCR)2种技术对微分离的蚕豆(vicia faba)大M染色体进行了扩增,并对扩增结果及2种PCR技术的优缺点进行了比较.结果表明,LA-PCR的扩增产物大小为0.3～3kb, 而DOP-PCR的扩增产物大小为0.3～1.3kb. LA-PCR的对照中未观察到扩增产物,而DOP-PCR的对照中却明显观察到扩增产物,此扩增产物是由于引物之间相互退火而形成的二聚体或更高级的聚合体. LA-PCR的Southern杂交信号明显强于DOP-PCR,可见LA-PCR的扩增效率明显高于DOP-PCR.     

应用DOP—PCR与染色体涂染技术鉴别赤麂的Y染色体

流式细胞仪分离小麂的Y染色体,并应用DOP－PCR扩增后标记作为探针,分别与雄性及雄性赤麂中期核型进行了染色体涂染,结果表明,只有雄性赤麂Y2染色体与探针有明显的杂交信号,说明只有Y2染色体与赤麂的性别决定相关,除除了相麂Y1染色体在性别决定中的作用。     

葎草单染色体的显微分离及DOP-PCR技术体系建立

葎草是具有XX/XY1Y2性染色体系统的雌雄异株植物,是研究植物性染色体演化的模式材料之一.利用染色体显微分离技术从葎草根尖有丝分裂中期分裂相中将单条染色体进行了显微分离及DOP-PCR(Degenerate oligonucleotide primer-PCR)扩增,并构建了单染色体DOP-PCR扩增产物的荧光探针,对葎草根尖有丝分裂中期分裂相染色体进行了荧光原位杂交,其结果表明荧光信号分布在所有的染色体上,表明所建立的技术体系能够成功分离葎草单染色体并进行DNA扩增.本研究结果为进一步进行葎草X,Y染色体的细胞及分子生物学研究提供了技术支持.     

嗜麦芽黄单胞菌CG样受体跨膜域克隆与分析

根据已知生物LH/CG受体同源性较大的跨膜域序列设计引物，以嗜麦芽黄单胞菌基因组DNA为模板进行PCR扩增，将约600bp目的产物克隆到pUCm-T载体上，经酶切及PCR扩增筛选鉴定得到重组质粒pUCm-Rec，以DIG标记的PCR扩增片段作为探针进行DNA斑点杂交，确证目的PCR扩增片段与该菌染色体DNA有同源性，克隆到的593bpCG样受体跨膜域序列在GenBank中的注册号为AY355346，再以地高辛标记的593bp跨膜域序列为探针，从构建的该菌基因组文库中，筛选到可能与CG样受体属于同一跨膜受体家族的编码组氨酸激酶／效应调节杂合蛋白部分序列的685bp核酸片段(其在GenBank中的注册号为AY359445)。     

应用TD—PCR技术和限制性内切酶技术鉴定猴B病毒

从DNA水平上鉴定猴B病毒，并区别人单纯疱疹病毒(HSV-1)；用PCR技术对猴B病毒和HSV-1进行扩增，并用限制性内切酶技术对扩增产物进行酶切，对PCR扩增产物和酶切产物进行电泳；电泳结果显示猴B病毒和HSV-1的PCR扩增产物为128bp，酶切后，B病毒能产生72bp和56bp片段，而HSV-1不能产生酶切产物；该方法能较好地鉴定猴B病毒，同时也将有密切抗原关系的HSV-l区分开来。     

两重巢式PCR检测母体外周血中胎儿游离DNA

使用两重巢式PCR技术检测母体外周血中胎儿游离DNA,为非损伤性产前鉴定胎儿性别和诊断单基因疾病奠定基础.采用改良的chelex100方法提取60例孕龄为16~36周孕妇的外周血浆中游离胎儿DNA,依据NCBIX染色体长臂ATL1位点,Y染色体上DYS14位点序列,设计并合成引物,用巢式PCR同时扩增2个基因片段,以鉴定胎儿性别.结果表明:有ATL1位点和DYS14位点的扩增产物261bp和198bp鉴定为男性胎儿,而仅有261bp扩增产物鉴定为女性胎儿.均以真实出生性别进行确认后发现,此方法能有效提高检测特异性.两重巢式PCR能够简便并准确地鉴定胎儿性别,对单基因疾病特别是X-连锁遗传病的诊断有积极意义.     

赤麂Sry基因的定位及Y染色体的鉴别

应用流式细胞仪分离赤麂的1,Y1,Y2染色体,通过简并寡核苷酸引物聚合酶链式反应(DOP-PCR)增加模板数量.用人的性别决定基因HMG框内设计1对引物进行PCR扩增.在雄性赤麂Y2染色体DOP-PCR产物中扩增出与人SRY基因同源的Sry基因片段,经克隆测序后,初步证明赤麂Y2染色体是真正的Y染色体,同时对赤麂Sry基因进行了初步定位.     

单引物PCR扩增DNA指纹图谱的稳定性研究

以人胶原蛋白基因下游一段ＤＮＡ的互补序列设计引物，对人染色体ＤＮＡ进行单引物ＰＣＲ扩增，在低温退火的条件下，这种引物与ＤＮＡ模板的一处完全配对，并且可以随机地结合在其他一些位置上。由此进行单引物ＰＣＲ扩增，它们的扩增产物形成了稳定的引物－模板特异的ＤＮＡ指纹图谱。本文所建立的单引物ＰＣＲ扩增技术在类似的研究中均可获得稳定的实验结果，具有一定的应用价值。     

PCR-ELISA和PCR-PAGE法检测血液肿瘤细胞株的端粒酶活性

目的：通过端粒酶聚合酶链反应—酶联免疫测定(PCR—ELISA)和聚合酶链反应—聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PCR—PAGE)方法检测血液肿瘤细胞株HL—60、K562、Raji的端粒酶活性，探讨其临床应用价值。方法：PCR—ELISA方法是将端粒重复序列PCR变性产物与地高辛标记且对端粒重复片段特异的探针杂交，杂交产物通过ELISA进行测定。PCR—PAGE法是将端粒重复序列PCR产物直接进行聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳，通过硝酸银染色测定端粒酶活性。结果：在端粒酶PCR—ELISA方法检测中，PCR在25-35次循环之间，吸光度A值与循环次数呈线性关系，35-45次循环己达到平台期。PCR—ELISA法检测显示HL—60、K562、Raji细胞均表达高水平的端粒酶活性，吸光度A均值分别为2．362、2．336、2．145。对HL—60、K562、Raji细胞的端粒重复序列扩增的PCR产物直接进行PAGE电泳、银染均呈现3条以上间隔6bP的特征性阶梯状条带。结论：对端粒重复序列PCR产物可同时进行ELISA检测和PAGE—银染，两种方法均可用于恶性肿瘤的临床诊断，ELISA法更为灵敏而简单，且可相对定量。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with