Existence of Young measure solutions of a class of singular diffusion equations

The first initial-boundary value problem of a class of singular diffusion equations with the flux sublinear growth and the potential without convexity is investigated. Such equations may be strongly degenerate, singular and forward-backward. Inspired by the idea in a recent work of Demoulini, we first discuss the regular case by introducing the Young measure solutions and prove the existence of such solutions. Consequently, we approximate the extreme case by the method of regularization. By means of some uniform estimates and some techniques, the existence of Young measure solutions with bounded variation is established.     

Dirichlet Form of Product of Variational Fractais

Much effort has gone into constructing Dirichlet forms to define Laplacians on self-similar sets.However, the results have only been successful on p. c.f. (post critical finite) fractals. We prove the existence of a Dirichlet form on a class of non- p. c.f. sets that are the product of variational fractals.     

New Development of the Basic Theory of Extenics

1Preface　Extenicshasbeeningreatprogress.Thegreatprogresswasmadeinbothbasictheoryandapplicatoryresearch .Theunderstandingofthebasicconceptionsandtheoreticalframehasgonefurtheraswell.Soitishightimetosummarizewhathasbeendone .　Withitsestablishmentanddevelopment ,anysubjectwillbemoreandmoreperfectandaccurate .Inrecentyears,thetendencyofbasicconceptionsandbasictheoriesofExtenicsistobeprecise .Itsymbolizesthematurityofthesubject.Soitisnecessarytosumuptheseachievementsintimeforthefurtherdevelopme…     

Construction and initial analysis of five Fosmid libraries of mitochondrial genomes of cotton （Gossypium）

Cotton （Gossypium） is an important crop providing textile fiber and edible oil. To gain the insights into mechanism of the cyto- plasmic male sterility （CMS） inheritance, we constructed five fosmid libraries of mitochondrial genomes from mitotype of G. harknessii Brandegee. （one CMS line and its restorer）, mitotype of G. hirsutum L. （one CMS line and its maintainer）, and G. bar- badense L. The numbers of the clones in these libraries ranged from 1152 to 2016 with an average insert size of 36.2 to 38.4 kb, equivalent to 70-119.3 mitogenomes. The libraries were screened with 28 markers derived from the conservative sequences and yielded 22, 19, 26, 21, and 23 positive clones, respectively. These positive clones were used to construct the physical map of G. harknessii Brandegee. CMS line and G. barbadense L. mitogenomes that shared six syntenis regions. A total of 30 genes in nine clusters showed conservative and had high similarity with those in the mitochondrial genomes of cotton, Carica papaya, Cucur- bita pepo and Nicotiana tabacum. Further investigation indicated that gene rrn26 had two copies in all five cotton mitogenomes, while genes atpl, rrn5 and rrn18 had two copies only in G. barbadense L. The positive clones and physical map are considered being useful resources in cotton genomics research.     

Effects of biological pre-treatment of pine chips on the beating performance of Kraft pulp

The Calabrien pine (Pinus brutia) wood chips prior to kraft pulping were biologically pre-treated with selected white-rot fungi (Ceriporiopsis subvermispora), which was recorded to be preferentially attacking the lignin component of the wood. The effects of this treatment on beating performance and physical strength of resultant papers were studied in detail. Bio-treated samples showed comparable and, in most cases, higher physico-mechanical properties than those obtained from untreated controls. Under the same beating conditions the bio-treated kraft pulp was noted to have the lower SR° indicating a lower degree of external fibrillation. The paper made from bio-treated kraft pulp has a higher density, tensile property, air permeability and swellability. Furthermore, remarkable energy savings up to 33 % were observed when beating bio-treated kraft pulp. This study contributes to a better understanding of the mechanisms taking place during bio-treatment and the modification processes of cell wall components.     

Effect of frequency and intensity of rotating magneticfield on the microstructures of Pb-Sn alloys

The solidification microstructures of Pb-45% Sn hypoeutectic and Pb-85%Sn hypereutectic alloys were studied in rotating magnetic field （RMF）. A transition of primary phase from dendrite to spherical growth was caused by the RMF, which simultaneously fractured and fined grains. The fracture and refinement increased first and then decreased with the increase in RMF intensity. When magnetic intensity exceeded a critical value, the size of the primary phase became bigger on the contrary. Therefore, there existed an optimum value of magnetic intensity in fracture and refinement of grain. Moreover, the rotating frequency determined the skin depth of magnetic field, and further affected the homogenization of temperature and solute. The rotating frequency and magnetic intensity were key factors affecting refinement and uniformity of solidification microstructures. The introduction of RMF not only changed the solidification thermodynamics, but also led to a reduction in Gibbs free energy associated with the formation of critical crystal nucleus and atom diffusion activation energy, thus enhancing the rate of nucleation.     

A new approach of cascade utilization of the chemical energy of fuel

The indirect release of chemical energy of fuel is investigated, and a new mechanism is proposed to identify the cascade utilization of chemical energy of fuel more clearly. Based on the concept of energy level, the internal phenomenon of the indirect chemical energy release is disclosed, and the equations of energy level describing the utilization of chemical energy and thermal energy during the indirect chemical energy release process are obtained. From theoretical analysis, we find that the superiority of the indirect chemical energy release of fuel comes from the cascade utilization of the fuel's chemical energy. Moreover, the cascade utilization of chemical energy is verified by the investigation of CRGT (chemically recuperated gas turbine). As a result, the thermal exergy obtained from the chemical energy release of fuel increases by 2%?3%. The results obtained here may help a deeper understanding of indirect chemical energy release of fuel and provide a theoretical basis for the synthesis of innovative energy systems.     

Biomedical Application of Laser

INTRODUCTIONLasershaverevolutionizedresearchanddevelopmentinmedicineanddentistry .Theyhaveledtode velopmentandproductionofmanynewproducts .Laserapplicationsindiagnosis,treatmentandsurgeryareenormousandhaveledtospeedyandmoreefficientresults,aswellasbetterandquickerhealingProcesses.Theapplicationscouldbeclassifiedintermsofareasofusesorintermsofinstruments/products.Inthispa per,discussionswillnotbegroupedinaparticularfashion ,butwi1lbeonspecificapplications .Alotofin formationontheseapplica…     

Variations of optic properties of water under action of static magnetic field

Effects of static magnetic field on optic properties of water are investigated by infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, respectively. The ultraviolet spectroscopy experiments show the changes of properties of water under action of static magnetic field, in the region of 191 to 400 nm. The infrared experiment shows that the water exposed in a magnetic field had saturation and memory effects. The magnetized effects increased with increasing exposed time, but were weakened with increasing of time when the magnetic field was removed. In the X-ray experiment, the strength of diffraction increased also, after the water was exposed in magnetic field. Meanwhile, the shift of peak and increase of strength of X-ray diffraction of magnetized water added with nanoFe3O4 occurred as compared with that of pure water added with nano Fe3O4. This result suggests that the magnetized wa- ter has certain magnetism. Finally, these phenomena are simply explained by the molecular structure of water and the theory of magnetization of water.     

Immunocytochemical identification of actin in mitochondria of Physarum polycephalum

Mitochondria isolated from the plasmodia of Physarum polycephalum Schw. are reacted with rabbit anti-actin antibody, and detected with FITC-conjugated sheep anti-rabbit IgG antibody. The results of indirect immunofluorescence show that actin exists in the mitochondria. Western blot analysis confirms the existence of actin in the protein preparation of the mitochondria. The indirect immunoelectron microscopic observation using the same antibodies verifies further that actin is the constituents of mitochondria, and it is dispersively distributed in the mitochondria of P. polycephalum.     

Effect of Quantum Biology of Benzene

The purpose of the paper is to elucidate the biological effect of benzene on the basis of benzene constitution, quantum chemistry and quantum biology. In addition, we also have examined the toxicological mechanism of benzene in view of action of benzene on energy.     

Sediment Management of TGP

1Introduction　TheThreeGorgesProject (TGP)un derconstructioninChinaislocatedontheYangtzeRiveratSandouping ,about4 6kmupstreamofthecityofYichang .Itisplannedforfloodcontrol,powergenerationandnavigation .TheYang tze ,ariverflowingthroughthehumidregionofChina ,isfrequentedbylargefloods.Exceptthesourcearea,almosttheentirevalleyispronetotheattacksbyheavyfloods .Thelargestrecordedfloodinhistoryreachedastaggeringvolumeof 1 0 5 ,0 0 0m3 sec .atYichangin 1 870 .Thisdevastatingflood ,inad dition…     

Genetic polymorphisms of milk epithelial mucin of yaks

Milk epithelial mucin (MUC1) of yaks was separated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A total of nine types of MUC1 were revealed in 427 yaks from five yak breeds including Maiwa yak, Jiulong yak, Tianzhu white yak, Qinghai yak and Tibetan yak. The molecular weights of MUC1 are from 163 kD to 208 kD, most of which are larger than those of bovine. Population genetic analysis shows that the gene frequency and genotype frequency of yak MUC1 differ among breeds, with relatively high gene heterozygosity. The five yak breeds studied fall into two groups according to their milk MUC1 gene frequency, suggesting that milk MUC1 exhibits specificities for local yak groups.     

An Introduction to the Institute of Material Physics of Tianjin Institute of Technology

TheinstituteofMaterialPhyslcAof-l'ianjininstituteofTechnologywasfoundedin1988byProfessorXuXurong,anaca(lemlclallofChineseAca'lemyofSciencesandhonorary'llrectorofChangchuninstituteofPhysics.ProfessorXllhadladena]lrectoroftheinstituteuntil1996,wllell11ewastransferredtoNortherTIJlaotongUlllverslty,an(lnow11eis11onorary'llrecl--orfin'1aconcurrentl>rofessoroftheInstitllte.'l-heinstituteofgalerlalPllysl(.sgivesprioritytotileresearclJonbasical3plle'lPhysics.Since1992,twenlycross----projectsof…     

Earthquake Resistant Engineering and Application of Seismic Zonation Map of ChinaTechnicalInnovations

1Introduction　Chinaisacountrywithhighearthquakedisaster.Thego vernmentalwayskeepsaneyeonseismicresistantbuilding.Thepublishedseismiczonationmapprovidestheruleforcon structionseismicresistantfortification .Fortheconvenientuse ,theseismicresistantfortificationruleofseismiczonationmapandbasiccontentandmeaningisbrieflyintroduced .Forthosekeyprojectsofsuperhighorsuperlongconstruction ,forexample ,largedam ,nuclearpowerplant,largepetrochemi calplantetc .,duetohighinvestmentandhighsocietyinf luence…     

Distribution Pattern of Plant Populations of Rhizophora stylosa Community in Yingluo Bay of Guangxi

This paper deals with the distribution pattern type,aggregative intensity,pattern scaleand dynamics of plant populations of Rhizophora stylosa community in Yingluo Bay of Guangxi.The measured results show that R.stylosa population is an aggregated distribution,while thepopulations of Kandelia candel,Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and Aegiceras corniculatum appear asrandom distribution.The plant population distribution pattern changes,along with the populationdevelopment and the succession of the community.     

Rank of loop, constraint degree of path, coupling degree of graph and their application

Some new concepts (rank of a loop, degree of freedom of a graph, path unit and ordered path arrangement, constraint degree of path, coupling degree of a graph, basic graph, etc. ), formulas, and algorithms, are proposed in this paper. Based on these concepts, a new systematic theory and practical method for the design of topological structure, kinematics and dynamics of mechanical systems is established. Some conjectures and problems needed to be researched are also put forward. The concepts, formulae and algorithms presented in this paper will find wide potential applications.     

Analysis of a New Type of Production System

Previous work studied a production system including multiple stations (or workshops) consisting of an entry station, a set of workstations, an exit station, and a central station, which could be arranged in any configuration. The central station was introduced into the production system to relax the environment. In this paper, the central station is eliminated. The entry station and all workstations have limited local buffers. A workstation can choose either a buffer or a kanban mechanism to control its work-in-process (WIP). The production system was modeled as a queueing network with blocking in a general configuration. A symmetrical decomposition approach was developed to analyze the production system. The simulation result shows that the decomposition approach works well. Comparison of the new production systems with modified production systems having a common buffer shows that the key for implementing just-in-time production systems is to reduce the uncertainty.