具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

含细夹层的分矿充填层中流动特性的可视化

Ore particles, especially fine interlayers, commonly segregate in heap stacking, leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds. Computed tomography (CT), COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers. The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds. Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking. CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers (24.21%) was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores (37.42%), which directly affected the formation of flow paths. Specifically, the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped. Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds. Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity (1.8 × 10?5 m/s) suddenly increased. Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2 × 10?5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.     

一种基于遗传-禁忌混合策略的PMU最优配置方法

以电力系统状态完全可观测和相量测量单元配置数目最小为目标,形成PMU最优配置问题.相量测量单元可以测量母线电压相量,结合测量数据采用改进的快速拓扑可观测性分析方法保证系统完全可观测,应用遗传算法和禁忌搜索算法的混合策略求解最优配置问题,实现全局最优.以IEEE 9节点系统和IEEE 39节点系统为例进行验证,结果表明,直接利用节点可观测原则判断电力系统的可观测性,可以提高可观测性分析的计算效率.     

基于CAN总线同步相量应用层协议实现

同步相量采集装置用于对舰船电力系统同步相量进行实时采集和动态监控,本文定义了基于CAN现场总线的同步相量通信应用层协议,对同步报文和相量报文的帧格式进行了定义,实现了CAN总线的单播和多播通信,很好的满足PMU通信要求。     

一种用于频率跟踪和相角估计的实用算法

电网电压的频率、幅值和谐波含量均随时间发生变化,它们严重影响着电网相量的测量精度．为此,在分析傅氏法计算误差与频偏、起始点相位关系的基础上,提出了一种基于准同步采样和傅氏分析的频率跟踪、相角估计的实用算法．它用离散傅氏法和线性插值法估计任意时刻的相量,用迭代算法寻找相角差为零的相邻周期的两个估计相量进行频率计算,继而对采样数据进行同步化处理以获取信号的真实相量．仿真结果表明,这种方法可使相角误差小于0．2°,并能够满足电网相量实时测量的快速性要求．     

基于GPS同步相量的电力系统暂态稳定预测控制

首先简要回顾了全球卫星定位系统 (GPS)技术在电力系统应用中最近 10年的发展 ,研究了基于 GPS同步相量的电力系统暂态稳定控制的实现前提和理论模式。分类综述了国内外在利用 GPS同步相量技术研究电力系统暂态稳定实时控制方面的研究成果 :基于简化模型、同调组法、角度曲线外推法、能量函数法和人工智能法等 ;总结了 GPS技术与电网稳定控制结合的多种途径 ;并提出了基于同步相量实现电力系统的区域暂态稳定控制是 GPS应用于电力系统的最高形式 ,最后提出轨迹分析和数值计算相结合的在线安全稳定监控理论框架     

无刷双馈调速电机稳态运行特性分析

建立了无刷双馈调速电机稳态运行的数学模型。用频率折算法将电机各绕组中不同频率的电量统一起来。获得了电机的等效电路和相量图,用相量图分析了控制绕变化时对功率绕组的功率因数的影响。用该模型分析了电机的稳态运行特性,包括稳态电磁转矩和功率关系,为无刷双馈调速电机、计算提供了有力的理想工具。     

近海可再生能源综合发电系统模型对比

介绍融合近海风力发电、波浪能发电以及潮流能发电的近海可再生能源综合发电系统的电气拓扑结构,并以此系统为例,在Matlab/Simulink平台下分别搭建了其详细模型和相量模型。在定性分析2种模型的区别之后,分别在风速变化时以及电网扰动故障下,对详细模型和相量模型进行了仿真对比。时域仿真结果显示,详细模型和相量模型的稳态、动态响应趋势均基本一致;详细模型仿真计算耗时长,且仿真曲线中包含高频分量;相量模型仿真计算耗时短,仿真曲线相对平滑。     

基于时变相量的配电网PT铁磁谐振研究与措施分析

利用相模变换理论,建立了配电网发生绝缘放电时的故障分析模型,分析了配电网PT发生铁磁谐振的原因及稳态谐振的发生机理.根据系统的0模网络的ΔI(φL)曲线提出了加装零序PT抑制铁磁谐振的方法,以避免系统发生工频铁磁谐振.     

三相对称电力系统短路时动稳定度校验条件的计算

用相量方法分析和计算了三相对称电力系统发生三相短路时的短路冲击电流和最大电动力,给出了动稳定度校验条件。     

相角变送器的研究与应用

利用GPS技术提供的高精度标准时基,研制了电力系统相角变送器,实现了相角直接精确测量。文中分析了这种相角变送器的潜在应用,提出了一种用于稳定与控制的新方案。     

船载雷达中电能质量监测的设计与实现

随着航天事业的快速发展,航天测量船自身的电能性能质量问题已越来越受到重视。针对航天测量船供电系统发生接地故障、主配电和分配电板之间的协调不均、高功率雷达开关机、大电流电机切换等有可能发生电能质量问题的特殊实际出发,设计并研制了一套电能质量监测系统,文中介绍了系统的硬件组成和软件设计,并通过实际使用验证了系统的可行性。该套系统为分析设备用电规律和装备故障排查提供了一种良好的手段。