有攻角高超声速穿甲弹气动烧蚀的研究

该文采用“轴对称比拟”的研究方法，运用相似性理论，基于小横向流假设，研究了有攻角高超声速穿甲弹的气动烧蚀。通过耦合计算物面流线几何形状、比例因子、气动加热烧蚀模型，结果表明弹丸头部出现了严重的不对称变形，这将引起弹丸气动力的较大变化，可能导致弹丸飞行稳定性和密集度的降低，对今后进行高超声速穿甲弹的设计有重要的促进作用。     

可旋转鸭舵对旋转弹丸纵向气动特性的影响

利用有限体积TVD格式,对旋转弹丸的气动特性进行数值分析.对旋转弹丸SOCBT在马赫数为3的典型算例进行了验证计算,并进行了可旋转固定鸭舵对旋转弹丸纵向气动特性的影响的数值分析.计算了鸭舵位于不同方位角、不同飞行马赫数、不同攻角下时旋转弹丸的纵向气动力系数.研究结果表明,该数值分析方法能准确地分析纵向气动力系数随鸭舵方位角的变化规律,可为分析弹道修正规律提供依据.     

高超音速飞行器头罩气动热流场数值模拟

对几种不同外形的高超音速飞行器头部气动热效应进行数值模拟,采用Fluent软件对各飞行器进行三维薄层N-S方程数值计算,得到了不同外形的高超音速飞行器头罩外表面热流场分布.然后将计算结果与美国宇航局的超音速飞行器X33模型风洞实验结果进行分析和比较.分析表明:在五倍音速近地飞行时,其中两种外形头部的高超音速飞行器安装中波红外光学成像探测器制导是比较适合的.     

超音速有攻角钝头细长旋成体气动加热计算

本文将高超音速、高冷壁条件下运用小横流假设得到的轴对称比拟关系,推广运用于一般超音速有攻角钝头旋成体的气动加热计算,并针对钝头细长体的特点,分析了各种因素对计算结果的影响,提出了必须考虑变熵影响和采用简单流线法的经济适用方法。     

一对鸭舵控制的炮弹角运动特性及其影响因素

为了给鸭式布局炮弹的气动外形及弹道参数设计提供依据,研究了该类炮弹在一对鸭舵控制下的角运动特性.建立了鸭舵控制弹道模型,对一般炮弹角运动方程给出了鸭舵瞬时作用下的特解.通过仿真计算,分析了舵面偏转瞬时的攻角过渡过程及其影响因素,研究了弹体转速等对攻角特性的影响.结果表明,不同鸭舵气动外形参数对应的攻角过渡过程差异较大;弹体转速及最大飞行斜距对炮弹飞行稳定性的影响较为显著;当弹丸速度很大时,质心控制方位对最大攻角幅值的影响较小.     

起爆方式对整体式MEFP战斗部参数的影响

为研究不同起爆方式对整体式多爆炸成形弹丸MEFP战斗部参数的影响,通过LS-DYNA仿真软件,对3种不同起爆方式下战斗部形成多个弹丸过程进行数值仿真,并结合爆轰波作用理论,对弹丸成形形状和速度进行理论分析。结果表明：当采用点起爆与环形起爆时,弹丸束发散角和毁伤面积较大,但周边弹丸速度较低,形状不规则,气动性较差;当采用平面起爆时,弹丸束发散角和毁伤面积最小但弹丸速度较大,气动性较好;相对于点起爆、环形起爆方式,采用平面起爆方式时炸药有效利用率最高,形成弹丸的气动性和对目标侵彻效果最好。     

弹丸膛内受热及其采用主动冷却技术的影响

该文通过对弹丸不同部位受热方式进行分析，建立了弹丸滞留预热身管中受热的组合模型，模拟了某大口径火炮在不同环境温度下，通过连续射击达到最大加热工况时，弹丸滞留身管的温度响应过程并预测了其安全停留时间，所得结果与试验实测数据吻合较好。在此基础上，就采用身管主动冷却技术对弹丸膛内安全停留产生的影响进行了探讨，结果表明：主动冷却技术可以有效地解决弹丸膛内滞留的热安全性问题。     

近空间高超声速弹箭气动数值模拟

针对近空间高超声速飞行弹箭气动力、气动热问题,采用Spalart-Allmaras(SA)湍流模型和热完全气体模型,运用时间相关有限体积方法及AUSM~+格式对三维非定常可压缩流体Navier-Stokes方程进行了数值模拟.再现了超高速条件下弹箭周围的复杂流动现象,得到热流分布规律,为进一步近空间超高速弹箭研究奠定了基础.计算结果表明阻力系数随着攻角的变化显著变大;弹箭尾翼气动加热很严重,弹箭尾翼变大时气动加热量明显增大,在设计弹箭时应引起足够重视.     

钢模拟爆炸成形弹丸(EFP)飞行特性及对大间隔靶的侵彻实验

为考察现有设计水平下，爆炸成形弹丸EFP（Explosively Formed Projectiles)的飞行特性及侵彻威力，用37火炮发射长径比为1．5的钢EFP的模拟弹丸，其着靶速度在1．3km左右，对大间隔的多层A3薄钢靶板进行侵彻，弹丸贯穿了5层靶，质量损失较小。利用高速摄影考察了EFP在靶间的飞行姿态变化，分析了EFP对多层大间隔靶侵彻的作用过程及其机理。实验结果和分析表明，所设计的EFP具有较为理想的飞行稳定性，对多层间隔侵彻能力强 ，为设计攻击舰艇等装甲目标的战斗部装药结构提供了较重要的参数。     

高超音速飞机总能量控制系统的设计和应用

为了解除高超音速飞机飞行速度与航迹角之间的强耦合,设计了基于总能量原理的飞行控制系统,该原理的核心思想是采用高超音速飞机发动机的推力来控制总能量,而升降舵用于调节总能量的分配,通过协调升降舵和发动机节流阀调定指令,达到合理增加和分配能量的目的,确保其具有良好的非线性解耦控制能力及强鲁棒性能.仿真结果表明,本文所设计的控制系统对于高超音速飞机是可行的.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.