共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Effects of antibiotics of protein synthesis in muscle and implications with regard to the action of insulin 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
K L Manchester 《Nature》1967,216(5113):394-395
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The molecular mechanism by which insulin stimulates glycogen synthesis in mammalian skeletal muscle 总被引:37,自引:0,他引:37
The ability of insulin to promote the phosphorylation of some proteins and the dephosphorylation of others is paradoxical. An insulin-stimulated protein kinase is shown to activate the type-1 protein phosphatase that controls glycogen metabolism, by phosphorylating its regulatory subunit at a specific serine. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of this residue is stimulated by insulin in vivo. Increased and decreased phosphorylation of proteins by insulin can therefore be explained through the same basic underlying mechanism. 相似文献
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Control of ribosomal RNA synthesis in vitro 总被引:21,自引:0,他引:21
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Control of synthesis and wastage of ribosomal RNA in lymphocytes 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
H L Cooper 《Nature》1970,227(5263):1105-1107
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Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), a precursor of androgens and estrogens, has been demonstrated to have effect of preventing insulin resistance and development of diabetes mellitus. Administration of testosterone appears to induce a marked insulin resistance. How these two hormones affect insulin resistance through regulation of sensitivity of tissues to insulin deserves further studies. Here, the effects of DHEA and testosterone on response to insulin in C2C12 muscle cells are analyzed. After 24 h of DHEA (10-6 mol/L) treatment, C2C12 cells showed an increased insulin- stimulated glucose uptake and enhanced activities of glycogen synthase (GS), phosphofructokinase (PFK) and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), whereas testosterone gave the opposite effects. Incubation of C2C12 cells with high-dose insulin (5×10-7 mol/L) for 24 hours decreased their sensitivity to insulin and led to a state of resistance as assessed on insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and activities of GS, PFK and PDH. Addition of DHEA to insulin-resistant C2C12 cells could reverse the response of these cells to high-dose insulin, but testosterone could further impair insulin sensitivity in insulin-resistant C2C12 cells. These results suggest that the two hormones may influence the development or inhibition of insulin-resistance in type 2 diabetes through regulating glucose uptake, glycogenesis and glycolysis to some extent. 相似文献
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Chain termination of ribosomal RNA synthesis in vitro 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
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Translation accuracy, translation elongation rate and translation processivity are three important parameters for each elongation
cycle. To study the role of ribosomal protein in translation elongation, these parameters were measured simultaneously for
the first time in threeEscherichia coli T83 mutantsrpsL, rplX andrpmA. The results suggested that the mutants of ribosomal protein S12(rpsL) and ribosomal protein L24(rplX) decreased the processivity of ribosome while the mutant of ribosomal protein L27(rpmA) had little effect on the processivity;rplX mutant andrpmA mutant had higher accuracy; the elongation rate ofrplX mutant was faster than that of the wild type, whereas the elongation rate ofrpmA mutant was the same as that of the wild type. 相似文献
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Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate induces calcium release from sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscle 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscle is a specialized form of endoplasmic reticulum that controls myoplasmic calcium concentration and, therefore, the contraction-relaxation cycle. Ultrastructural studies have shown that the sarcoplasmic reticulum is a continuous but heterogeneous membranous network composed of longitudinal tubules that surround myofibrils and terminal cisternae. These cisternae are junctionally associated, via bridging structures called 'feet', with sarcolemmal invaginations (the transverse tubules) to form the triadic junction. Following transverse tubule depolarization, a signal, transmitted along the triadic junction, triggers Ca2+ release from terminal cisternae, but the mechanism of this coupling is still unknown. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (Ins(1,4,5)P3) has recently been shown to mobilize Ca2+ from intracellular stores, referable to endoplasmic reticulum, in a variety of cell types (see ref. 8 for review), including smooth muscle cells of the porcine coronary artery and canine cardiac muscle cells. Here we show that Ins(1,4,5)P3 releases Ca2+ from isolated, purified sarcoplasmic reticulum fractions of rabbit fast-twitch skeletal muscle, the effect being more pronounced on a fraction of terminal cisternae that contains morphologically intact feet structures; and elicits isometric force development in chemically skinned muscle fibres. 相似文献
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Contractile proteins of vertebrate smooth muscle 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
C F Shoenberg 《Nature》1965,206(983):526-527