41MnSiV中强预应力压痕钢丝的显微组织和强度、塑性关系的研究

讨论了一种新混凝土构件用冷拔41MnSiV,φ7mm压痕钢丝的强度、塑性和组织结构的关系.计算了显微组织强化和位错强化值,分析了析出相VC的沉淀强化作用,指出上述3个因素使钢丝具有较高的强度.由于在钢丝上进行压痕工艺处理,它改变了钢丝的组织形态,从而使压痕钢丝具有较好的塑性.该钢丝不需经过热处理,性能达到σ_b≥1000MPa,δ100％≥4%.     

高碳镀锌钢丝组织差异性精细表征研究

实验表征并对比分析了国内外不同厂商钢丝的精细组织.结果表明:国产钢丝在夹杂物尺寸分布、镀锌层厚度、索氏体片层间距、渗碳体形态、位错密度等方面均与进口钢丝存在一定差距,即进口钢丝中当量直径＜5μm的夹杂物所占比例高达90.6%,而国产仅分别为85.4%和88.0%;国产钢丝镀锌层中Zn-Fe合金层更厚,镀层更疏松;国产钢丝的索氏体片层间距更大,分布更分散.渗碳体溶解更加严重,颗粒状、短棒状的渗碳体颗粒数量和分布明显增多;国产钢丝的位错密度是进口钢丝位错密度的10倍.上述在微观组织上的差异导致国产钢丝的性能较差、质量不稳定.     

高碳镀锌钢丝的组织演变及对扭转性能的影响

针对钢丝镀锌后扭转值波动很大的实际问题，本文系统表征分析了钢丝拉拔—热镀锌—扭转生产过程中的微观组织演化.研究结果表明：钢丝的微观组织在生产过程中会发生较大的变化.拉拔和扭转过程中索氏体片会发生扭曲变形使得片层间距减小，渗碳体片发生破碎，小尺寸的渗碳体颗粒发生溶解，钢丝中的位错密度会显著增加；而热镀锌过程使得小尺寸的渗碳体颗粒发生溶解，同时能消除钢丝内部的应力，使得位错密度降低.渗碳体片破碎、渗碳体颗粒溶解、索氏体片层间距、位错密度等因素综合作用，导致了钢丝扭转过程中的性能差异.     

组织形貌对X80管线钢性能影响

通过光学显微镜和透射电镜对不同工艺生产的X80管线钢的微观组织、位错形态及析出相等进行了对比分析.结合力学性能检测,研究了X80组织形貌对力学性能的影响.研究表明,针状铁素体晶粒大小、析出相分布、位错密度及位错形态对材料强度、韧性、脆性转变温度有明显的影响,通过固溶强化、细晶强化、位错强化、析出强化等综合强化方式获得了综合力学性能良好的X80管线钢.     

08Mn2Si双相钢丝的强化机理研究

分析了双相热处理工艺参数对08Mn2Si组织、性能的影响，探讨了其强韧化机理。研究结果表明：08Mn2Si钢丝经双相热处理后可得到板条马氏体与少量铁素体相间分布的细小均匀的双相组织，其屈服强度大幅度提高，同时塑性指标也明显改善，这是固溶强化、位错强化和细晶强化综合作用的结果。     

中间软化回火在弹簧钢形变强化遗传中的作用

作者采用透射电镜、扫描电镜和X射线衍射仪等实验设备,研究了55SiMnVB钢在遗传强化处理过程中,中间软化回火对钢中显微组织、位错密度和力学性能的影响。结果表明,高温形变强化效果在相变再结晶过程中的遗传,实际是位错结构与位错密度的遗传;中间软化回火,不仅降低了钢的硬度而便于加工,而且继承了高温形变所产生的位错结构并使其稳定,使高温形变亚结构能够遗传给次生马氏体,从而获得比常规热处理稍高的强度。     

冷拉拔对410马氏体不锈钢丝组织及性能的影响

通过光学显微镜、透射电镜(TEM)及万能试验机等手段,分析了冷拔过程中410马氏体不锈钢丝在不同变形量下的显微组织和力学性能,探讨了加工硬化机理。结果表明:410马氏体不锈钢组织主要为马氏体和铁素体,随拉拔过程的进行,由Φ7.5 mm拉拔至5.0 mm时,平均晶粒尺寸由22.7μm减小到13.8μm;抗拉强度由504 MPa增加到741 MPa,断后延伸率由38.2%减小到13.1%。钢丝的应变硬化存在两个阶段,第一阶段n值较高为0.85,与铁素体塑性变形有关,第二阶段n值较低为0.25,与马氏体开始塑性变形,两相塑性应变不相容性下降有关。410钢丝在拉拔过程中的加工硬化机理主要为细晶强化及位错强化。由Φ7.5 mm拉拔至5.0 mm时,细晶强化的强度增量为46.8 MPa,位错强化的强度增量为173 MPa。     

中碳钢高温形变热处理强化机理探讨

经比较高温形变热处理反常规热处理后的55SiMnVB 钢55碳钢的力学性能及组织结构,本文得出了形变强化的原因:形变使位错密度增加及形成稳定的位错亚结构,改变了碳化物的析出和分布以及孪晶结构所处的位置。而形变织构及晶粒的细化,不是形变强化的主要原因。晶粒细化对材料的塑韧性有着较大的影响。     

疲劳Cu单晶驻留滑移带演化的观察及其应力场的计算模拟

利用扫描电镜电子通道衬度技术,对单滑移取向下,疲劳过程中Cu单晶从基体脉络位错结构到驻留滑移带(PSBs)位错结构的演化进行了观察.观察表明,PSBs的形成可以分为4个阶段,即脉络、通路、萌芽、真正形成完整的PSB位错结构.对以上4个阶段中典型位错结构的演化进行了模拟,并利用三维离散位错静力学方法给出了PSBs演化过程中典型位错结构内应力场的分布,相应地,利用有限元方法计算了外应力场的分布.结果表明:在从基体脉络位错结构到PSBs位错结构的演化过程中,内应力的分布是不均匀的.在通路和萌芽的尖端平均内应力没有太大的变化,而此处的平均外应力却比其他区域高,外应力提供了通路和萌芽长大的驱动力.在PSBs与基体边界处,内应力和外应力的值都急剧变化,因此存在切应变的不连续,积累到一定程度就会出现裂纹.     

400℃退火对ECAP形变Q235钢的强度和位错强化的影响

将经过淬火预处理和等通道转角挤压加工(ECAP)的Q235钢进行400℃退火.采用拉伸试验、X射线衍射(XRD)分析及描述强度-位错密度关系的Taylor公式,研究400℃退火对ECAP形变低碳钢的强度和位错强化的影响.拉伸试验表明:400℃退火使ECAP形变Q235钢强度降低,屈服强度从825 MPa下降到725 MPa,加工硬化能力和塑性显著提高.基于XRD分析和Taylor公式的定量计算说明,400℃退火对ECAP形变Q235钢的位错强化影响很小,实际强度的降低不是来自于位错强化的降低,而是来自于其他强化机制(晶界、亚晶界等)的降低.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the